Physiology or James P Allison (USA) and 1. by inhibition of negative immune Medicine Tasaku Honjo (Japan) regulation”
Arthur Ashkin (USA), Gerard
Mourou (France) "for groundbreaking inventions in the 2. Physics and Donna Strickland field of laser physics" (Canada)
(a) one half to Frances H.
(a) "for the directed evolution of Arnold (USA) enzymes" 3. Chemistry (b) other half jointly to (b) "for the phage display of peptides George P. Smith (USA) and and antibodies" Sir Gregory P. Winter (UK)
“for their efforts to end the use of
Denis Mukwege (Congo) and 4. Peace sexual violence as a weapon of war Nadia Murad (Iraq) and armed conflict”
(a) “for integrating climate change
into long-run macroeconomic (a) William D. Nordhaus Economic analysis” 5. (USA) Sciences (b) “for integrating technological (b) Paul M. Romer (USA) innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis.”