Research Methodology - Report

Study

On

SOCIAL SERVICE

(Awareness and Practice among II M.Com students of GNC)

Contents:
Chapter 1 - Introduction -– Statement of Problem – Objective of the
Study – Research Methodology – Analytical Tool.

Chapter 2 - Review of Literature – Real Education, its purpose and

importance – Social Service and its dimensions – Relation between
Education and Social Service - Social Service Awareness and Social
Service Practice - Social Service components studied in this research
and brief notes on them.

Chapter 3 – Data Analysis – Research methods – Measurement of

Social Service Awareness – Measurement of Social Service Practice –
Relation between Social Service Awareness and Practice.

Chapter 4 – Conclusion – Findings – Limitations - Scope for future

study – Final conclusion.

Chapter 1 – Introduction
Curiosity or inquisitiveness is a distinctive feature of human beings.
Curiosity to know about ourselves and things around us, about a
particular fact or concept or an idea is always inherent in us. Whenever
such curiosities arise we tend to seek answers for them. For that, we
hunt for knowledge, we search for understandings and conclusions. So
also for me, the same curiosity to know about the attitude of II M.Com
students of Guru Nanak College towards Social Service Awareness and
Practice arose and that is been reflected in this study. Even though the
sole purpose of this research study is to know the attitude of II M.Com
students towards Social Service, the relationship between today’s
education and participation of students in Social work has occupied the
other side of the coin. And another interesting thing that got revealed
in the course of this research study is the knowledge about True and
Real Education, its aim, its importance & its effect in the society in the
form of Social Service. In this modern world, which is full of conflicts
and sorrow, I think the knowledge about true education, its purpose, its
relationship with Social Service, Awareness and Practice of Social
Service will enlighten the minds of today’s youth, who will lead the
nation tomorrow.

At this juncture, I would like to mention a quote of Sri Sathya Sai Baba,
a Great Spiritual Master in India, which goes as, “…. There is a violent
spread of seven dangerous evils in the country today. They are:
Commerce without Morality, Politics without principles, Education
without Character, Worship without Sacrifice, Wealth without effort,
Science without Humanity, and Devotion without steadfastness. We
should get rid of these seven evils by achieving the goals of Commerce
with Morality, Politics with honesty, Educated people with Character,
Worship with Sacrifice, Wealth earned through hard effort and toil,
Science with Humanity, and steadfast Devotion. This will ensure the
prosperity of our nation...”

To put it in a nut shell, what we take from the society, we ought to give
it back to society. Thus society plays an important role in our lives. To
be simple and crisp, the service we perform to the society in return, for
the things we acquired from it, becomes Social Service. Indeed, this is
indispensable only if real education is imparted to the students in the
right way along with necessary dosage of Social Service awareness and
practice. We will study the findings of this research, and also the
interesting facts that got revealed during course, in detail, in the
following pages.
Statement of the Problem

How many students in II M.Com of GNC have Social Service Awareness?

How many students in II M.Com of GNC involve in Social Service

Practice?

Is there any association or relationship between Social Service

Awareness and Social Service practice among II M.Com students of
GNC?

This research study seeks answer for these above stated problems.

Basic analysis has been made by using 5 main criteria of the

respondents like – Gender, Performance in UG, Family income level,
Education level of the father, Membership in any Social Service
Organization. This forms the personal profile of the respondents.

Analysis about Social Service Awareness and Social Service Practice

has been made on the following grounds – Blood donation, Tree
planting, Water Conservation, Energy Conservation, and Literacy
Mission. Further statistical analysis has also been made to know the
association between Profile group and Social Service Practice group of
the respondents.

Objectives of the study

 To know the Characteristics of the respondents

 To measure Social Service Awareness

 To measure Social Service Practice

 To describe Social Service Awareness and Social Service Practice

 To analyze the relationship between Social Service Awareness

and Social Service Practice

 To know the association between profile group and Social Service

Practice group of the respondents
Research Methodology

1. Coverage – II M.Com students of Guru Nanak College

2. Type of Data – Primary Data (Collection of data directly from II

M.Com students of GNC)

3. Instrument used for data collection – Data sheet / Schedule

Analytical tool

 Percentage tool is used to know the characteristics of the

respondents.

 5 Point Likert scale is utilized to measure Social Service

Awareness groups.

 To measure Social Service Practice groups 5 Point Likert scale is

used.

 Descriptive Statistics describe Social Service Awareness and

Social Service Practice.

 Correlation, Regression Analysis and X2-test is used to analyze

the relationship between Social Service Awareness & Social Service
Practice.
  To know the Association between Personal Profile Group and
Social Service Practice groups X2-test is utilized.

Chapter 2 – Review of Literature

Real Education, its purpose and importance

(Excerpts from the Discourse of Sri Sathya Sai Baba, a Spiritual Master
in India)

“Vidya (Education) means Jnana (Wisdom). True wisdom does not

mean worldly intelligence. True education is that which develops inner
vision and makes you experience everlasting bliss. Nowadays students
are merely acquiring degrees and earning the appreciation of the
authorities, but they do not understand the real significance of
education. Students think that degrees are meant to earn a livelihood.
Remember Education is for life, not just for a living. But neither
the students nor the parents realise this truth. Parents are happy if
their children score high marks in their examinations. They are not
bothered about the heaps of bad remarks their children get. If only
they care to look into the remarks, they will truly understand the type
of education that their children are receiving.

Students should acquire such education which will be

beneficial to the society and the world at large. What is the
present state of society? In what way can we make it ideal? How should
one work for the advancement of the society? Nobody seems to think
on these lines. If someone talks about reforms in the system of
education, the students just brush it aside. They think that textual
knowledge is the be-all and end-all of education. The elders should take
up the responsibility to give proper education to students. Students
should uphold the honour of the society. We should follow the
teachings of our ancient sages and seers who have given us the true
meaning of education. It is a sign of foolishness to become egoistic by
merely acquiring a few degrees. Education should make students
to understand the needs of society and utilise their education
for its progress through Social service. People say they are
serving the society, but without really understanding what the
requirements of the society are. Such service is not Social Service, but
a lifeless, mechanical activity. Society will progress only when the
system of education is set right. True education should
encourage the students to work for the progress of the society.
Of course, secular education is also necessary. However, secular
education should be harmonised with value based education to mould
the character of the students and make them better citizens of the
country. The goal of true education is to build pure character.
Without character and basic human values, all the degrees and
doctorates become futile”

Social Service and its dimensions

(Compilation from the book – Seva, a flower at His feet)

Any activity which is done only to assist the needy and

distressed/disadvantaged/vulnerable people without any consideration
or return (not for money or money’s value) can be called as Social
Service. Literally social services are designated to provide meaningful
opportunities for social and economic growth for the disadvantaged
sector of the population in order to develop them into productive and
self-reliant citizens and promote social equity. This concept of Social
Work or Social Service originated in the charity organizations in Europe
and the U.S. in the late 19th century. Social workers may serve the
needs of children and families, the poor or homeless, immigrants,
veterans, the mentally ill, the handicapped, victims of domestic
violence, and person’s dependent on alcohol or drugs, etc.

First and foremost dimension of a Social Service is Selflessness. What

is Selfless Service? Any Service rendered with utmost humility and with
no expectation or reward in return is Selfless Service. There is a
beautiful incident on Selfless service. The former American President
Abraham Lincoln once saved a pig by lifting it out of the mire in which it
was caught, and while doing so his body and clothes became very dirty.
The onlookers asked him why he, the President of such a vast country,
should dirty himself just to save a pig. He replied with all humility, “I got
involved in this action not just to save the pig for formality sake but to
relieve myself from the suffering I experienced at the sight of the
suffering of the pig” Lincoln believed that Service done with love to
human kind is Service done to God. This is selfless service.

Second dimension is – All Service should come from Heart. Social

work is not showy work. Social workers should be like servants. They
have to express their sympathy and their willingness to help or serve
others, but should not try to impress others by mere external and
mechanical actions. Social Service should be rendered from heart,
without any one’s compulsion, but with love and care. Simplicity and
Sincerity is must for Social Service.

Third dimension of Social Service is to promote Peace, Harmony,

and Friendship in the society. Many NGOs and other voluntary Social
Service organizations emphasize Social service as doing good to others,
radiating love and peace through sharing, caring & serving the people
who are in need. Cultivating a spirit of Service is very important to
social workers for that attitude brings humans closer to each other and
promotes friendship, peace, and harmony in the society.

To conclude, Social Service can bring in tremendous transformation in

the society, if it is done with right spirit. Swami Vivekananda says, “…To
remove the evil of egoism, Service is the best instrument, for it will
bring Unity of all mankind. He who dedicates his time, skill and strength
to service, can never meet defeat, distress or disappointment. For
service is its own reward…”

Relation between Education and Social Service

End of education is character. This is very true. Without imbibing the

imports of real education, no basic human values will be nurtured. The
term ‘Education’ came from the Latin word ‘Educare,’ meaning ‘to
bring out’ or ‘to bring out what is within’ or ‘bring out the
potential’. Real Education in the largest sense is any act or
experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character,
or physical ability of an individual. On the other hand, Social
Service is nothing but real education in action. Thus Education
and Social Service, both are complimentary to each other. True
education will always be in ever support for Social transformation, in the
form of Social Service. This is the intimate relationship between Real
Education and Social Service.
Social Service Awareness and Practice

Social Service Awareness and Social Service practice, even though they
sound similar in context, they do have their slightest differences in
meaning. Awareness refers to alertness, knowledge, or understanding
about various Social Services. Practice refers to the act of Social Service
that is been performed, applied, followed, or implemented physically.
One may be very much aware of importance of Tree planting, but would
have not even planted a single tree in his life time. However, to be
positive in contextual approach, Social Service Awareness is also
equally important like that of Social Service Practice. It is mere
foolishness to weigh or compare their glory against each other. They are
like two wings of a bird, where even if any one of the two wings gets
cut, it becomes difficult for the bird to fly.

Social Service components studied in this research

Blood Donation

A blood donation occurs when a healthy person voluntarily has blood

drawn and used for transfusions or made into medications by a process
called fractionation. Blood donations are divided into groups based on
who will receive the collected blood.

a) Allogeneic Donation

b) Directed Donation

An allogeneic donation is when a donor gives blood for storage at a

blood bank for transfusion to an unknown recipient.

A directed donation is when a person, often a family member, donates

blood for transfusion to a specific individual. Directed donations are
relatively rare.
Blood donation is considered as one of the noblest forms of Service. The
donor and also the recipient of the blood, both are benefitted. Blood
donation gives immunity power, improves blood circulation, and helps in
reduction of Heart aches. An interesting note is – In Brazil, it is illegal to
receive any compensation, monetary or otherwise, for the donation of
blood or other human tissues. And in Italy, blood donors receive the
donation day as a paid holiday from work.

Tree Plantation

Tree planting is the process of transplanting tree seedlings, generally

for forestry, land reclamation, or landscaping purposes. It differs from
the transplantation of larger trees in arboriculture, and from the lower
cost but slower and less reliable distribution of tree seeds.

In Silviculture the activity is known as reforestation, or afforestation,

depending on whether the area being planted has or has not recently
been forested. It involves planting seedlings over an area of land where
the forest has been harvested or damaged by fire or disease or insects.
Tree planting is carried out in many different parts of the world, and
strategies may differ widely across nations and regions and among
individual reforestation companies. Tree planting if performed properly
can result in the successful regeneration of many deforested areas.

Water Conservation

Water conservation is nothing but any beneficial reduction in water

loss, use, or waste. A reduction in water use accomplished by
implementation of water conservation or water efficiency measures, or
improved water management practices that reduce and enhance the
beneficial use of water. A water conservation measure is an action,
behavioral change, device, technology, or improved design or process
implemented to reduce water loss, waste, or use. Water efficiency is a
tool of water conservation. That results in more efficient water use and
thus reduces water demand. The value and cost-effectiveness of a
water efficiency measure must be evaluated in relation to its effects on
the use and cost of other natural resources (e.g. energy or chemicals).
Water conservation is must to ensure availability for future
generations, the withdrawal of fresh water from an ecosystem should
not exceed its natural replacement rate.
Energy Conservation

Energy conservation refers to any beneficial reduction in energies like

Heat energy, Electric energy, Solar energy etc, in loss, use or waste.
Energy conservation is indispensable to reduce pollution. Not only that,
energy conservation ensures bright future of planet earth.

Literacy Mission

Literacy in India is the key for socio-economic progress, and the Indian
literacy rate grew to 68% in 2007 from 12% at the end of British rule in
1947. According to the latest survey by the National Sample Survey
Office in June 2008, the literacy rate among the population with age 7
and above was 72% whereas the adult population (age15 and above)
had a literacy rate of 66%. Although this was a greater than fivefold
improvement, the level is still below the world average literacy rate of
84%, and India currently has the largest illiterate population of any
nation on earth. Despite government programs, India's literacy rate
increased only "sluggishly," and a 1990 study estimated that it would
take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at then-current
rate of progress. The 2001 census, however, indicated a 1991-2001
decadal literacy growth of 12.63%, which is the fastest-ever on record.
Effective function of literacy mission is the need of the hour.

Chapter 3 – Data Analysis

TABLE 1 - GENDER

CHARACTERISTICS NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
MALE 22 55
FEMALE 18 45
TOTAL 40 100
 Table 1 shows that majority of the students are male.

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TABLE 2 - PERFORMANCE IN UG

CLASSIFICATION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
1ST CLASS 23 57.50%
2ND CLASS 16 40%
3RD CLASS 1 2.5%
TOTAL 40 100

Table 2 shows that majority of the students have secured 1st

class.

TABLE 3 - MONTHLY FAMILY INCOMES

 CHARACTERISTICS NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
(IN Rs) STUDENTS (%)
LESS THAN 10000 13 32.5%
10000 TO 20000 15 37.5%
MORE THAN 20000 12 30%
40 100

Table 3 shows that the respondents are equally distributed

among 3 levels of income.

TABLE 4 - EDUCATION LEVEL OF FATHER

CHARACTERISTICS NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
HIGHER EDUCATION 18 45%
SCHOOL EDUCATION 22 55%
TOTAL 40 100
Table 4 shows that majority of students are first generation
graduates.

TABLE 5 - MEMBERSHIP IN SSO

CHARACTERISTICS NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
YES 15 37.50%
NO 25 62.50%
TOTAL 40 100
 Table 5 shows that minority of students have membership in
NGO

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TABLE 6.1 - BLOOD DONATION AWRENESS

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 29 72.50%
4.AGREE 4 10%
3.UNDECIDED 2 5%
2.DISAGREE 1 2.5%
1.STRONGLY 4 10%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%

Table 6 shows that majority of students are aware of blood

donation.

TABLE 7 – TREE PLANTING

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 28 70%
4.AGREE 11 27.5%
3.UNDECIDED 1 2.5%
2.DISAGREE 0 0%
1.STRONGLY 0 0%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%
 Table 7 shows that majority of students are aware of tree
planting.

TABLE 8 - WATER CONSERVATION

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 23 57.5%
4.AGREE 11 27.5%
3.UNDECIDED 5 12.5%
2.DISAGREE 1 2.5%
1.STRONGLY 0 0%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%

Table 8 shows that majority of students are aware of water

conservation.

TABLE 9 - ENERGY CONSERVATION

 RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 20 50%
4.AGREE 13 32.5%
3.UNDECIDED 4 10%
2.DISAGREE 2 5%
1.STRONGLY 1 2.5%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%

Table 9 shows that majority of the students are aware of energy

conservation.

TABLE 10 - LITERACY MISSION

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 23 57.5%
4.AGREE 13 32.5%
3.UNDECIDED 3 7.5%
2.DISAGREE 0 0%
1.STRONGLY 1 2.5%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%
Table 10 shows that majority of students are aware of literacy
mission.

TABLE 11 - SOCIAL SERVICE PRCTICE ON BLOOD DONATION

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 4 10%
4.AGREE 5 12.5%
3.UNDECIDED 6 15%
2.DISAGREE 1 2.5%
1.STRONGLY 24 60%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%

Table 11 shows that minority of the students are involved in

blood donation practices.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE 12 - SOCIAL PRACTICES ON TREE PLANTING

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

 RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 2 5%
4.AGREE 6 15%
3.UNDECIDED 10 25%
2.DISAGREE 11 27.5%
1.STRONGLY 11 27.5%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%

Table 12 reveals that majority of the respondents are

involved in tree planting services.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE 13 - SOCIAL SERVICE PRACTICE ON WATER

CONSERVATION

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 11 27.5%
4.AGREE 17 42.5%
3.UNDECIDED 11 27.5%
2.DISAGREE 1 25%
1.STRONGLY DISAGREE 0 0%
TOTAL 40 100%
Table 13 shows that majority of the students are involved in
conservation of water.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE 14 - ENERGY CONSERVATION

RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 25 62.5%
4.AGREE 11 27.5%
3.UNDECIDED 2 5%
2.DISAGREE 1 2.5%
1.STRONGLY 1 2.5 %
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%

Table 14 shows that overhelming respondents are involved in

energy conservation practices.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE 15 – LITERACY MISSION

 RESPONCES NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS (%)
5.STRONGLY AGREE 11 27.5%
4.AGREE 17 42.5%
3.UNDECIDED 11 27.5%
2.DISAGREE 1 25%
1.STRONGLY 0 0%
DISAGREE
TOTAL 40 100%

Table 15 shows that minority of the students are involved in

literacy services.

Measurement of Social Service Awareness

(Development of Social Awareness Index)

Descriptive Statistics:

 Measurement of central Value (Mean, Median & Mode).

 Measurement of Variation (Minimum value, Maximum Value, Q1,

Q3, Standard Deviation, and C.V).

 Measurement of Skewness (SKp, SKb).

TABLE 16 - Social Awareness Index (SAI)

SAI No. Of Percentage

 Respondents (%)
12 1 2.5
16 1 2.5
19 4 10
20 5 10
21 2 5
22 1 2.5
23 15 37.5
24 4 10
25 7 17.5
TOTAL 40 100

TABLE 17 - Descriptive Statistics of Social Awareness Index

Statistical Tool Value

Mean 22.1
Median 23
Mode 23
Minimum Value 12
Maximum Value 25
Standard Deviation 2.68
C.V 12.13
Q1 20
Q3 24
SKp -0.5
SKb -0.5
Table 17 shows that out of maximum score of 25, minimum
SAI value is 12 & maximum value is 25. Mean, Median & Mode
are 22.1, 23 & 23 respectively with Standard Deviation & C.V
of 2.68 & 12.13 respectively.

Social Awareness Index

SAI F Fx Cf fx2
(x.x.f)

12 1 12 12 144
 16 1 16 28 256
19 4 76 104 1444
20 5 100 204 2000
21 2 42 246 882
22 1 22 268 484
23 15 345 613 7935
24 4 96 709 2304
25 7 175 884 4375
£f= 40 £fx= 884 £fx2= 19824

Mean =

=
= 22.1

Median=

= 20.5th item.

Mode = 23.
Measurement of Variation / dispersion.
Minimum Value = 12
Maximum Value =25

Standard Deviation =

=
= 2.68.

C.Variance =

=
= 12.13.
Q1 (First Quartile) =

=
= 10.25th item
Q1 = 20.

Q3(Third Quartile) =

=
= 3(10.25)
= 30.75th item
Q3 = 24.

Measurement of Skewness

SKp (Karl Pearson) =

=
= - 0.336.

SKb =

=
= -2/4
= -0.5.

Slightly Skewed And Negative.

TABLE 18 - Social Service Practice (SSP)

SSP No. Of Percentage

Respondents (%)
10 2 5
 11 1 2.5
12 5 12.5
13 1 2.5
14 3 7.5
15 3 7.5
16 4 10
17 4 10
18 6 15
19 5 12.5
20 3 7.5
21 2 5
22 1 2.5
TOTAL 40 100

TABLE 19 - Descriptive Statistics Of SSP

Statistical Tool Value

Mean 16.25
Median 17
Mode 18
Minimum Value 10
Maximum value 22
Standard Devition 3.184
C.V 19.59
Q1 14
Q3 19
SKp -0.549
SKb -0.2

Table 19 shows that out of Maximum Score of 25, Minimum

SSP value is 10 and Maximum is 22. Mean, Median & Mode are
16.25, 17 & 18 respectively with Standard Deviation & C.V of
3.184 & 19.59 respectively

Social Service Practice

SSP F Fx Cf fx2
10 2 20 2 200
11 1 11 3 121
12 5 30 8 720
13 1 13 9 169
14 3 42 12 588
15 3 45 15 675
16 4 64 19 1024
 17 4 68 23 1156
18 6 108 29 1944
19 5 95 34 1805
20 3 60 37 1200
21 2 42 39 882
22 1 22 40 484
TOTAL £f = 40 £fx = 650 10968

Mean =

=
= 16.25

Median =

=
= 20.5th item.
M = 17

Mode = 18.

Measurement of Variation/dispersion.
Minimum Value = 10
Maximum Value =22

Standard Deviation =

=
= 3.18.

C.Variance =

=
= 19.59

Q1 (First Quartile) =
 =
= 10.25th item
Q1 = 14.

Q3(Third Quartile) =

=
= 3(10.25)
= 30.75th item
Q3 = 19.

Measurement Of Skewness

SKp (Karl Pearson) =

=
= - 0.549.

SKb =

=
= -1/5
= -0.2.

Slightly Skewed And Negative.

Relation between SAI and SSP

Covariance =

=
 = -0.1.
There is a low degree of correlation Regression Eq. of Y on X6:
X6 = Independent Variable
Y = Dependent Variable
It studies the influence of SAI (X6) on SSP(Y)
(Y- ) = byx(X6- )
(Y-16.4) = -0.114(X6 - 22.05)
Y -16.4 = -0.114 X6 + 2.513
Y = 0.114 X6 + 18.913.
If X6 = 10
Y = -0.114(10) + 18.913
= -1.14 + 18.913
= 17.787

Association between Personal Profile Group (Gender and SSP

Group)

Cross table between Gender and SSP Group: Observed

Frequency (0)
GENDER/SSP HIGH LOW TOTAL
MALE 11 11 22
FEMALE 9 9 18
TOTAL 20 20 40

Cross table between Gender and SSP Group: Expected Value

(E)
GENDER/SSP HIGH LOW TOTAL
MALE 22
=11 =11
FEMALE 18
=9 =9
TOTAL 2O 2O 40

Calculated X2 value
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
 10 11 -1 1 1/11
12 11 +1 1 1/11
10 9 +1 1 1/9
8 9 -1 1 1/9
£(O-E)2/E =
0.404

Association between Gender and SSP Groups

1. Ho = There is no significant association between Gender & SSP

Groups.

2. Appropriate statistical test = x2-test.

3. Level of Significance = 5%

4. Degree of Freedom = (c-1)(r-1)

a. = (2-1)(2-1)

b. = 1

5. Calculate x2-tests = 0.404

6. Table x2-value at 5% level of significance & Degree of freedom is

1= 3.841

CV<TV
Therefore, Ho is accepted.
There is no significant association between Gender and SSP
groups.

Association between Performance in UG and SSP Group

Cross table between Performance in UG and SSP Groups:

Observed Frequency (0)
Perf. In HIGH LOW TOTAL
UG/SSP
1st class 15 8 23
2 class
nd
5 11 16
 3rd class 1 - 1
Total 21 19 40

Cross table between Performance in UG and SSP Groups:

Expected Frequency (E)
Performance HIGH LOW TOTAL
In UG/SSP
1st class 23
= 12 = 11
2nd class 16
=8 =8
3rd class 1
= 0.5 = 0.5
Total 21 19 40

Calculated the X2-value

O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
15 12 +3 9 0.75
8 11 -3 9 0.82
5 8 -3 9 0.89
11 8 +3 9 0.89
1 0.5 +0.5 0.25 2
0 0.5 -0.5 0.25 2
£(O-E)2/E
=
7.35

Association between Performances in UG & SSP Groups

1. Ho = There is no significant association between Performance in

UG & SSP Groups.

2. Appropriate statistical test = x2-test.

3. Level of Significance = 5%

4. Degree of Freedom = (c-1)(r-1)

= (2-1) (3-1)
=2
5. Calculate x2-tests = 7.35

6. Table x2-value at 5% level of significance & Degree of freedom =

5.99
CV>TV
Therefore, Ho is rejected.
There is significant association between Performance in UG and
SSP groups.

Association between Family Income & SSP Groups

Cross table between Family Income and SSP Groups: Observed

Frequency (0)
FAMILY HIGH LOW TOTAL
INC/SSP
Below 6 7 13
Rs10000
10000 – 20000 10 5 16
Above Rs 5 7 12
20000
Total 21 19 40

Cross Table between Family Income and SSP Groups: Expected

Frequency (E)
FAMILY HIGH LOW TOTAL
INC/SSP
Below 13
Rs10000 = =
6.825 6.175
10000 – 16
20000 = =
7.875 7.125
Above Rs 12
20000 = 6.3 = 5.7
Total 21 19 40

Calculated X2-Value
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
6 6.825 -0.825 0.68 0.099
7 6.175 +0.825 0.68 0.110
 10 7.875 +2.125 4.52 0.574
5 7.125 -2.125 4.52 0.634
5 6.3 -1.3 1.69 0.268
7 5.7 +1.3 1.69 0.296
£(O-E)2/E
=
1.954

Association between Family Income & SSP Groups

1. Ho = There is no significant association between family income &
SSP Groups.

2. Appropriate statistical test = x2-test.

3. Level of Significance = 5%

4. Degree of Freedom = (c-1)(r-1)

= (2-1) (3-1)
=2
5. Calculate x2-tests = 1.954

6. Table x2-value at 5% level of significance & Degree of freedom is

2= 5.991

CV<TV
Therefore, H0 is accepted.
There is a significant association between family income and
SSP Groups.

Association between Education level of Father & SSP Groups

Cross table between Education level of father and SSP Groups:

Observed Frequency (0)
Father’s HIGH LOW TOTAL
Education/SS
P
Higher 10 8 18
Education
School 11 11 22
Education
Total 21 19 40
Cross Table between Education Level of Father and SSP Groups:
Expected Frequency (E)
FAMILY HIGH LOW TOTAL
INC/SSP
Higher 18
Education = =
9.45 8.55
School 22
Education = =
11.55 10.45
Total 21 19 40

Calculated X2-Value
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
10 9.45 -0.55 0.3025 0.032
8 8.55 +0.55 0.3025 2.586
11 11.55 -0.55 0.3025 3.494
11 10.45 +0.55 0.3025 3.161
£(O-E)2/E =
9.273

Association between Education level of father & SSP Groups

1. Ho = There is no significant association between father’s

education & SSP Groups.

2. Appropriate statistical test = x2-test.

3. Level of Significance = 5%

4. Degree of Freedom = (c-1)(r-1)

= (2-1)(2-1)

= 1
5. Calculate x2-tests = 9.273

6. Table x2-value at 5% level of significance & Degree of freedom is

1 =3.841

CV>TV
Therefore, Ho is rejected.
There is a significant association between father’s education
and SSP Groups.
 Association between Memberships in SSO & SSP Groups

Cross table between Membership in SSO and SSP Groups:

Observed Frequency (0)
MEMBER IN HIGH LOW TOTAL
SSO/SSP
Yes 11 4 15
No 9 16 25
Total 20 20 40

Cross Table between Membership in SSO and SSP Groups:

Expected Frequency (E)
MEMBER IN HIGH LOW TOTAL
SSO/SSP
Yes 15
= 7.5 = 7.5
No 25
= =
12.5 12.5
Total 20 20 40

Calculate X2-Value
O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
11 7.5 +3.5 12.25 1.63
4 7.5 -3.5 12.25 1.63
9 12.5 -3.5 12.25 0.98
16 12.5 +3.5 12.25 0.98
£(O-E)2/E =
5.22

Association between Memberships in SSO & SSP Groups

1. Ho = There is no significant association between membership in

SSO & SSP Groups.

2. Appropriate statistical test = x2-test.

 3. Level of Significance = 5%

4. Degree of Freedom = (c-1)(r-1)

= (2-1) (2-1)
=1
5. Calculate x2-tests = 5.22

6. Table x2-value at 5% level of significance & Degree of freedom is

1 =3.841

CV>TV
Therefore, Ho is rejected.
There is a significant association between membership is SSO
and SSP Groups.
 Chapter 4 – Conclusion
Findings of the Study

Characteristics of the Respondents:

• Majority of the respondents are male

• Majority of the students are 1st class graduates

• All groups are evenly distributed

• Majority of the students are first generation graduates

• Minority of the respondents are in Social Service

Organizations

Social Service Awareness:

• Majority of the respondents have awareness on all 5 issues

 • Social Awareness Index shows a minimum score of 12 and a
maximum score of 25, out of maximum possible score 25

• Mean of Social Awareness Index is 22.05 with S.D of 2.645

and CV of 11.99%

• Social Awareness index is negative and slightly skewed

Social Service Practice:

• Majority of the respondents are highly involved in Water &

energy conservation and Literacy Mission. However, Minority of
them are involved in Blood donation and Tree planting.

• Social Service Practice shows a minimum score of 10 and a

maximum score of 22, out of maximum possible score of 25

• Mean of Social Service Practice is 16.25 with SD of 3.184

and CV of 19.59%

• Social Service Practice is negative and slightly skewed

Social Service Awareness and Social Service Practice:

• There is NO significant association between SSA and SSP.

The correlation between SSA & SSP groups is very low.
 • There IS significant association between Family Income
Group group and SSP groups. However, there in NO significant
association between other Profile groups and SSP groups.

Limitations of the Study

• The findings of this study are true only for II M.Com students
of Guru Nanak College.

• The study is limited to II M.com students of GNC because of

limited resource and limited time period.

• The study is qualitative one. If quantitative approach has

been also made, it would have been better because of Social
Issues.

Scope for Future Studies

• The study can be extended to all Post Graduate students of

all the Universities across the district or state, for much more
better and wide understanding.

• More Social Issues can be added in the study about which

the respondent might have extensive awareness and practice.
The result of the study is found thus. Majority of the respondents are
having maximum awareness about Social Services and Social Issues.
But only few of them practice it. Minority of the whole respondents
alone are involved in Service activities in various Social Service
Organizations and NGOs. If real education imparts Character and
nurtures basic human values, then for sure, Social Service cannot be
separated from it. The need of the hour in this society is right education,
which will support societal transformation in the form of Social Service.
To put it in a very lucid way, End of education is character.
Hallmark of character is right action. Right action for a society
is nothing but societal transformation in the form of Social
Service. The thesis is dedicated to the Lotus feet of the Lord, for He
gave this opportunity, and also to my teachers, colleagues and others
who are interested in sharing knowledge.