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Smolkin Et Al. - Doc Earth Sci - 2019 - 488 - 6 - 10.1134@S1028334X1910026X PDF
Smolkin Et Al. - Doc Earth Sci - 2019 - 488 - 6 - 10.1134@S1028334X1910026X PDF
Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2019, Vol. 488, No. 6.
GEOCHEMISTRY
Abstract—The research results were received from studying the Pechenga ore-bearing Paleoproterozoic struc-
ture, which is located on the northwestern part of the Kola region. The U–Th–Pb zircon age was determined
by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) on the Sensitive High-Resolution Ion microprobe (SHRIMP-
II) spectrometer and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) on the Thermo-
Quest Finnigan MAT Neptune instrument. Basalt conglomerates of the Televi Formation, red gritstones of
the Luchlompolo Formation, and high-siliceous turbidites from the middle part of the Matert Formation
were tested. On the U–Pb concordia diagram, the part of analytical points for zircon from conglomerates are
approximated by the discordia with a top intercept at 2792 ± 7 Ma. All zircon grains from gritstone are located
on the concordia. Most of the values of their ages lie within 2700–2820 Ma, and the lesser part of the age val-
ues lies within 2840–3000 Ma. Single grains have an age from 3037 ± 4 Ma to 3698 ± 8 Ma. The concordant
value of the 207Pb/206Pb age, which is 2640 ± 16 Ma, was established for turbidite zircon. Rocks of the base-
ment at the northern rim of the Pechenga structure: gneisses of the Kirkenes, Varanger, and Svanvik com-
plexes (2715, 2803, and 2825 Ma) and high-aluminous gneisses (2798–2830 Ma) were sources of zircon for
conglomerates and gritstones. Granitoids from the southern flank of the structure were sources of zircon for
turbidites. The predominant role of the zircon group with an age of 2.7 Ga proves the global increment of the
continental crust during this period. The ancient age of zircon (3.0–3.7 Ga) of red-colored gritstones is
related to deeper erosion of the basement and exposure of the Eoarchaean and Mezoarchaean rocks at the
northern rim during the period of the first global “Oxygen revolution” (2.4–2.3 Ga).
DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X1910026X
The Pechenga ore-bearing structure is the north- tion of the continental crust. To achieve this goal, zir-
western fragment of the Pechenga–Varzuga Belt. The con was chosen as the main instrument, as one of the
structure stretches out with some interval for 600 km most universal minerals–geochronometers.
crossing the entire Kola Peninsula from northern Nor- Zircon monofractions were separated from sam-
way to the coast of the White Sea. The belt is one of the ples weighing 5–8 kg at Karpinsky Russian Geological
largest Paleoproterozoic structures and appears to be a Research Institute, St. Petersburg, and Institute of
long-lived paleo rift-related system, which subsided Geology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Acad-
about 2.5 Ga ago on a crust of the continental type [1]. emy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk. Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry (SIMS) on a Sensitive High-Resolution
This study aims to determine the initial stage of Ion microprobe (SRHIMP-II) spectrometer and
subsidence of the structure, to establish the sources of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrome-
clastic material deposited during accumulation of ter- try (LA-ICPMS) on a ThermoQuest Finnigan MAT
rigenous sequences, and to estimate the contribution Neptune instrument were used for U–Pb dating
of Eo-, Meso, and Neoarchaean matter to the forma- according to the methods in [2, 3].
Analytical data were processed on the basis of the
aVernadsky
State Geological Museum, Russian Academy
SQUID [4] and ISOPLOT/EX [5] programs.
of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia The Pechenga structure, which is 40 × 70 km in
bOrdzhonikidze Russian State Prospecting Geological size, has an asymmetrical internal constitution. The
University, Moscow, 117997 Russia northern boundary of the structure, over much of its
*e-mail: info@sgm.ru extent, is stratigraphic. It runs along the lower contact
1245
1246 SMOL’KIN et al.
Thick-
Series
Forma-
tion Column ness, 1 2 3 4
m
Kasse-
>300
Porojarvi
sjoki 5 6 7 8
Kaplin >500
Menel 300−400 9 10 11 12
300−600
Ansemjoki
Bragino
200−600
13 14 15 P-26 16
Kal- 300−
lojavr 700
P-26
Supp-
vaar
up to P-26
2000
Pilgujarvi
Matert
Lammas
800−
Zhda- 1100
nov
P-21
Zapo-
Kolasjoki
1500−
lyarny 1800
Luch- P-21
lompolo 0−350
Orsho-
Kuetsjarvi
aivi 800−
Pirttiyarvi 1000
Kuver- 0−250
nerinjoki
P-73
Ahmakahti
Majarvi 1200−
1500
P-73
Televi 0−200
Fig. 1. Stratigraphic scheme of the Pechenga structure according to [9]. (1) The Archean complex of the basement and the schis-
tose intrusion of General’skaya Mountain that ruptured the basement; (2) high-siliceous turbidite; (3) conglomerate;
(4) graywacke, quartzite; (5) sulfide–carbonaceous–psammite–siltstone schist; (6) dolomite; (7) ferropicrite; (8) picrite; (9)
basalt; (10) trachybasalt; (11) andesibasalt; (12) dacite; (13) structural disconformity; (14) stratigraphic boundary; (15, 16) sam-
pling point and its number. In the inserts are photos of the outcrops of the host rocks studied.
of the basal terrigenous sequence, which lies on the tain with an age of 2505 ± 2 Ma [7]. The southern
rocks of the Archean basement and on the eroded sur- boundary is defined by the Shuoni and Kaskelyavr
face of a schistose intrusion of General’skaya Moun- granite domes with U‒Pb ages of 1939 ± 7 Ma and
6
2460
4
2
0
2100 2300 2500 2700 2900 3100
Age, Ma
Fig. 2. Multimedia distribution of the 207Pb/206Pb age of zircon from samples (а) P-73, (b) P-21, and (c) P-26.
1940 ± 17 Ma, respectively. The Kola Superdeep 700–850 m from the bottom of the Matert Formation
Borehole penetrated the contact between the Paleop- with a ferropicrite–basalt composition (Fig. 1).
roterozoic complex and the rocks of the Archean base- Sample P-73. Zircon develops transparent and
ment at a depth of 6842 m [8]. semitransparent subidiomorphic prismatic poorly
rounded and rounded crystals and grains with brown,
The section of the northern zone, which is charac- yellow, and yellow gray shades. The length of crystals
terized by a monoclinal troughlike structure, is com- ranges from 150 to 509 μm, and the elongation coeffi-
posed of repeatedly alternating volcanic and sedimen- cient is 1.0–6.6. The cathodoluminescence images
tary sequences. The composition of volcanic rocks show that zircon crystals with bright and moderate
changes (from bottom to top) from andesibasalts and luminescence are characterized by a thin oscillatory
trachybasalts to ferropicrites and basalts. The compo- magmatic zoning, and the grains are characterized by
sition of sedimentary rocks changes from conglomer- crude zoning. On the SIMS SRHIMP-II, 24 zircon
ates, quartzites, red-colored gritstones, and dolomites grains were analyzed. The zircon age histogram dis-
to sulfide–carbon–pelite–siltstone schists. plays three clusters with maximums of about 2703,
We tested basal conglomerates of the Televi For- 2731, and 2785 Ma (Fig. 2a). The average 207Pb/206Pb
mation (sample P-73), red gritstones of the Luchlom- age of zircon grains, the analytical points of which are
polo Formation (sample P-21), and high-siliceous located on the concordia, is 2792 ± 17 (n = 5) Ma and
turbidites from the Matert Formation (sample P-26). 2718 ± 7 (n = 5) Ma. Grains with an age less than 2703
Sample P-73 was collected on the northeastern shore Ma are related to the metamorphic type, as is seen
of Paloyarvi Lake. Sample P-21 was taken from red- from the disturbance to the internal zoning, the high
colored gritstones lying in the weathered alkaline vol- content of U, and the low content of Th.
canics of terrestrial facies, which were overlapped by Detrital zircon from the Televi Formation was also
dolomites. Sample P-26 was taken in the vicinity of studied in gritstones and conglomerates, which were
Kuorpukas from a reference horizon, at a distance of exposed by borehole 3462. These rocks lie on the Gen-
published earlier (3548 ± 12, 3592 ± 15 Ma) for xeno- 2. I. S. Williams, Rev. Econ. Geol. 7, 1–35 (1998).
genic zircon from high-aluminous gneisses of the Kola 3. G. E. Gehrels, V. A. Valencia, and J. Ruiz, Geochem.
Formation in the area of Lake Nyal’yavr [13] confirms Geophys. Geosyst. 9, Q03017 (2008).
the participation of the Eoarchean and Mezoarchean https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001805
complexes in the structure of the continental crust of 4. K. R. Ludwig, Berkeley Geochronological Center Special
the Kola region. It is still difficult to estimate their Publ. No. 2 (Berkeley Geochronol. Center, Berkeley,
quantitative role. CA, 2000).
The initial stage of the subsidence of the Paleopro- 5. K. R. Ludwig, Berkeley Geochronological Center Special
Publication No. 1 (Berkeley Geochronol. Center,
terozoic Pechenga basin, which was fixed by the depo- Berkeley, CA, 2003).
sition of the basal terrigenous sequence, occurred later
than 2.37 Ga. These data confirm the fact that the 6. Magmatism, Sedimentogenesis and Geodynamic of Pechen-
ga Paleo-Rift Structure, Ed. by F. P. Mitrofanov and
Pechenga structure subsided later than the eastern part V. F. Smol’kin (Kola Sci. Center of the USSR Acad.
of the Pechenga–Varguza belt. Sci., Apatity, 1995) [in Russian].
7. T. B. Bayanova, V. F. Smolkin, and N. V. Levkovich,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Geochem. Int. 37 (1), 1–11 (1999).
8. Kola Superdeep Borehole. Scientific Results and Research
The authors are grateful to Prof. A.K. Korsakov for sup- Experience (TEKhNONEFTEGAZ, Moscow, 1998)
port of this project and to V.N. Kozhevnikova and [in Russian].
Yu.B. Bogdanova for help in the analytical studies. 9. C. Gärtner, Y. Bahlbung, V. Melezhik, and J. Berndt,
Precambrian Res. 246, 281–295 (2014).
10. V. R. Vetrin, V. P. Chupin, and Yu. N. Yakovlev, Litos-
FUNDING fera, No. 5, 3–25 (2013).
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for 11. V. R. Vetrin, E. A. Belousova, and V. P. Chupin, Geo-
Basic Research, project no. 17-05-00592 A. chem. Int. 54 (1), 92–112 (2016).
12. K. C. Condie and R. C. Aster, Precambrian Res. 180,
227–236 (2010).
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tric Magmatism of the Baltic Shield (Nauka,
St. Petersburg, 1992) [in Russian]. Translated by V. Krutikova