srncise 10. The transitive verbs in the following examples can also take an intransitive object which is always prepositional. Combine the followin of the sentence paying attention io the only possible place of the preposil intransitive object. MODEL! T/shall explain | this / you. J shall explain, this to you. (Ibis not possible to say */ shall explain (to) you this) 1. He dedicated {his memories {his daughter. 2. The yeung composer dedicated { his first song / a popular folk singer. 3. He | proved / bis capacity of working hard j his parents. 4. May /1/introduce / you / my mother? 6. Tenid / the whole truth them, 6, Mary / suggested | he subject of a new short slory /her brother. 7. Will /'you describe / your new flat j your class mates? Passive Sentences nxencts 1. Give passive equivalents to the following sentences: eg. Somebody had locked the door. Passive: The door had been locked. You must take this book. Passive: This book must be taken. Note. Tn point of meaning, a passive sentence, as compared to its active equivalent, lays the stress on’ the action in the sentence, not on the agent, the doer of the action. That is why a passive is used when we want to avoid the agent, either because we are not interested in it, or because we do nob know it. “Compare: e.g. All the nuts have been eaten and The squirrels have eaien all the nuts. Moreover, unless the agent has some interest of its owa or is necessary for completing meaning (e.g. The sonata was played by Bnescu), it does nob appear jn passive sentences, especially when in the active equivalent of the sentence it Gould be expressed by a personal or an indefinite pronoun (I, you, one, someboity, they (people), eto.). 1. The dog frightons her. 2. One makes such mistakes sometinies. 3. Big fish gat small fish. 4. Do you sell mushrooms hero every day? 5. They don’t speak Enalish there, 6. He left the papers in the taxi 7. A car hit our dog, but jt didn’t Ill him. 8, You found the door shut. 9. Did your mother tel! you swe had left? 40, We didn’t call Mike. (1. Tho sight of the body has upset her. 12, Jimmy has thrown it away. 13. Thoy have built threa blocks. 14. Has anybody bought the cigarettes? 45, Ho hasn't paid the fine. 16. His parents had allowed him to go. 17. Someone had written something on the book. 48 They had chosen a very nice place. 19. Had you macle ail the necessary 144arrangements? 20. ‘The instructor hadn't taught them how to shoot. ‘21, People will forget him in a fow years’ time, 22. They couldn’t see the chalet ecause of the fog. 23. We'll expec you by Tuesday. 24 Somebody shall do justice. 25. Sho said somebody would announce hini. 26. Ifyou explain well, people can understand anything. 27. ‘They will have finished the job by that fime. 28. You needn’t check the figures now. 29. 1 must presiy my shirt for tonight. 30. Somebody would have told her, if it had been nevossary. 3M. One must expect that'sorl of thing. 32, Writers should write more books for children. 33. Someone must have seen John there. 34 People ought to visit their grandparents more often. Exencise 2. Give passive equivalents to the following sentences: eg. They were carrying him to the ambulance. Passive: He was being carried lo the ambulance. Note: Continuous forms for other passiyes than the present and past tense indicative are extremely rare; normally there is no passive equivalent to such sentence as: They have been repairing the house. 4. The team are carrying ont an interesting experiment. or is examining the wounded driver. 3. You can ring nebo. cause John is inaking a phone call. 4. ‘The customs officials are checking heir passports. 5. Can't you see sheislecluring me? 6. They wero showing Henry VIII on TV. 7. She was cooking dinner when he came, 8 They were soping his books on the floor. 9. 1 was wriling a peem when she died, 0. ‘They wero et ‘at least ten different Tangnages at that party. 1. ‘The guests will blrinking tea at that hour. 2. They had beea dgging the garden for to hobes when it started raining. rxpncisp 3. Put the verbs in brackets in a passive form: eg. Kids must not (spoil) — Kids must wot be spoilt 4. Ii wasn't his mistake, he shouldn’t (punish). 2. ‘The doctor found him ‘very ill, so he (send) to a hospital. 3. 1 arrived whon the news (broadcast). 4, Your daughter (introduce) to my family next week. 5. You must (give) the papers before you came hore. 6. These letters were to (send) yesterday, why aro they still here? 7. He is sure to (acouse) of ingratitude. 8. The plan (iake over) by the new director. 9. People who den't smoke (may) live longer than people who do. 10. Nothing (move) in the house since you lett. Exercise 4. Give passive equivalents to the following sentences: ‘Note 1. While in Romanian only iransitive verbs can have passive forns, in English yerbs which can take a prepositional object eam bo passivized us well. og Rom: Aveau grijd de ea — no passive equivalent; Engl: Active: They look care of her. Passive: She was taken eare of. 145Of course, complex yerbs have also passive forms. (e.g. He was brought up in Switzerland. The child will be looked for.) Notice that in passivesentences tho preposition or the adverbial particle comes immediately after the main verh, 2. The usual place of the adverbials of manner and frequency in a passive sentence is immediately in front of the main verb (the participle) (e.g. The door had been casity) often opened with the other key ). 1. Her frankness had impressed me deeply. 2. ‘The speaker hinted at several shortcomings. 3. Everybody follows these regulations usually: 4. They operated on him yestorday. 5. One must account for every action, whether good or bad. 6. ‘They had spoken to me for bwo hours, 7. ‘The andience acclaimed him enthusiastically. 8. Somebody has leit the Tight on in the kitchen. 9. People pay for imprudence. 10, It's about lime you gave the baby her meal. 11. Everybody speaks well of her. 12. I never told John about if. 43, Has anybody heard her say that? 14. People ought not to speak about it. 15. ‘Travellers generally obey these instructions. 16. Had they already told her? 47. People ‘will laugh al you if you talk such nonsense. 48. They are bringing the witness in. 19. Who is directing the film? 20. Mothercats often eat their kittens, 31, Someone should look into the mat= ler as sooa as possible. 22 They have turned down our proposal. 23. Do you think his story is true or has he made it all up? 24. Make sure that you Fill in the form properly before you send it off. 25. They took me for a girl. Exercise 5. Complete the following passage with the appropriate passive form of the verb given in brackets A little house, which .... (huild) a fow years ago in our street ..., almost, completely .... (destroy) by the fire. Other auxiliary buildings on either side of the hous also badly .... (damage). Fortunately the two old people who lived there (evacuate) in good time and none of them (injure). The fire brigade .... (announced) earlier by a passer-by, but they were busy with another fire, and by the time they arrived the house’... . almost. entirely (burn down). The cause of the fire... . not yet... . definitely (establish) but it... (believe) that it... (start) by overheating the gas-stove which. .. . (situate) too close to a wooden table. EXERUSE 6. Give passive equivalents io the following sentences: Noie I. The subjeot of a passive sentence in English can be not only the direot object of the equivalent active sentence, but also the indireet object. eg. Active: Somebody gave her « flower. Passive (Dir. Obj.): A flower sas given to her. Passive (Ind. Ohj.): She was given a flower IL is preferable to use a being rather than an object as the subject of a passive sentonce {therefore ia the above example the second variant is more natural). 146es Eiie Whkaoe tieid io ol igiaitbaly tet ahlor ves ietecuuepd ue) ie said! considered! believed, ete. have a variant with the subject of the subordi- nate clause as subject of the passive és said) considered, ete e.g. Active: They say that dolphins are very intelligent Passive: [0 ts said that dolphins are very intelligent. Variant: Dolphins are suid to be very intelligent. ‘The last sentence is the most frequently usod. Notieo that in this sentence the verb in the subordinate clause becomes an infinitive (are said to be) 4. He promised us better equipment. 2. Auntie will give your little sister a cake, too. 3. Nobody has ever shown ie the door. 4. Someone is pre- senting the visitors the new wing. 5. Did he deny you the tight to sign your own article? 6, Somebody had asked her a stupid question. 7. T could reeammend you another school. 8. They will give you all the necessary in- structions. 9. Granny will read you the story of Little Red Riding Hood 10. They have given Bill the job he was looking for. £1. The teachers have said that your sister is top of the class. 12. People expect \that the di- rector will change the cast. 13. His friends believe him to be rather stupid. 14. People consider that this last variant is the best. 15. Everybody knows, that this detergent is by far the least harmful. axenctse 7. Make passive sentences using the tense(s) required by the adver- dink eu. (write, Shakespeare, this play) in 1594. This play was written by Shakespeare in 1594. 1. (promise, an electric train, little Jimmy) for his birthday. 2. (arrange, the furniture) right now. 3. (ombroider, my grandmother, this tablecloth) when she was a girl, 4 (destroy, tle little but, the wind) during the storm. 5. (analyse, the problem) tomorrow. 6. (attack, the monkeys, the explorers) the previous day. 7. (congratulate, he} wion [ saw him, 8. (throw away, that junk) this morning, 9. (look, into the matter) next week. 10. (nol live, in this castlo) for Lwo hundred ‘ye pumncise 8. Do exercise 7 again, this time using: a) passive forms with modal verbs b) nogative passive forms (with and wilhout modals) c) interogative passive forms (with and without modals) PxERCISK 9. Give active equivatents fo the following pussive sentences ‘ou willhave to. in- it (When the agent is missing in the passive senton troduce it in the active sentence: somebody, they, Jahn, eto. as you thin ‘best fits. the sentence.) 1. Wo've been offered tickets for tomorrow night’s concert. 2. A new cine- ta-hall is being built on the comer. 3, He was so rnde that he had to be tumed out of the office. 4.,The cake for your birthday is being prepared by the children. 5. Milk is considered to he more nourishing than meat. 10 uz6. The radio hasn't been switched on, and still some music can be heard. 7. Wasn't the poem recited by the author himself? 8. Those flowers in the vase must have heen brought by your husband. 9. She should have heen sent for earlier. 10, She will be asked to spend the week-end at our cot- tage. 11. A lot of mistakes used to he made with this type of drill. 12. Weren't you told there were no buses during the night? 13. A statement ought, to ho made abont it. 44% Her presence is said to be very helpful. 15. A car had to be stopped so that the wounded driver could be taken to a hospital. exercise 10. Translate into English looking up unknown words in a dictine nary; wse as many passives as you can In noaptea de duminick s-a abitut asupra Olandei « puternicd furtuni, cave a provocat moartea a einci persoane $i rnirea grav a altor opt. An fost inregisirate de asemenea zoci de réniri usoare. Numeroase intreruperi ale curentului electric au fost determinate de vintul extrem de violent. Masini stalionate pe trotuare au fost purtate de rafalele de vint la zeci de mete partare. Una dintre victime a fost atinsi de un arbore smuls de vint. Tm- portante pagube au fost aduse gi unor nave aneorate in porturile olandeze, tna din ele find desprinsi de {frm gi esuind Ja gapte kilometri mai departe. Au fost revoptionate apele SOS lansate de o navi panamezi si una dane: In Belgia vintul a atins 130 km./sec. si au lost doborite practic toate ante- nele TV. La fafia pe rin] Escant a fost complet oprit, N-a fost crutatit nici Marea Britanie, rafelole de vint provocind inundafii pe coasta de sud a T&rii Galilor. In citeva regiuni au trebuit si fie evacuate cea 350 de Tocuinfo. Pe mai multe sosele circulatia a fost intrecupt ca urmare a pric busirii unor copaci. A fost oprit provizoriu circulalia cu ferryboat-ul inire Europa continentala i tarmul britanic. exenaist U1, Translate into English: Note: When you translate from Romanian into English or from English into Romania, you should bear in mind that in Romanian in meny cases the passive voice has a reflexive marker. Compare English: The subject was much talked about. Romanian: S-a vorbit mult despre subiect ‘Toamna treouti biiegii au oonstruit un bob. Tdeea le fusese data di fesorul de sport si a fost pusi im practiced eu entuziasm, Bobul ar fi putut fi facut numai din Jemn, dar sau folosit gi unele pirli din metal, aduse de unul din biicti. In timp ce se construia bobul, a Inceput sé ninga, si Daiefii sau bucurat ei va Ti pus la incercare de indaté co va fi gata. Anal acesla sa initial un coneurs de bob, care se va fine in februarie. Coordination Coordination is one of the most. productive processes for forming struc- tarally camplex sontences; the result of coordination is cither a compound sentence or 1 sentence with compound constituents 148