aoc. fonon Social Change in Romania, 1860 - 1940 ‘A DEBATE ON DEVELOPMENT IN A EUROPEAN NATION te many of 2 otal = Utne eonertn Scour Kenneth Jowitt, eo1roR INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Universo California Berkley7 epsai, sek ge go Se en se we Set ep en (Sith sot by thelr Orthodox mig) foment er ae ith ede int conten “Thos tft ate nite i Rowen for indi an development we seeel ete, {noe ht sly, terore, when we today we peak of be poi i whlch sac nei es peak of modeization ional equality in tage but no longer conden cM EN THe PERIPHERY OF WESTERN EURO Seuiniing the wotk of Mit Manoa (16611980) fr an understanding ofthe Sete developmental and polices faced by ey twentieth centary Rowan bo a tak. For one ‘raaely «wide range of European theorists an dclogce foe Frans, Geman, Aas, Tay, td Great a, but he aly ‘ale fo felow Romanian ther: Puthermere in how f ‘Tras which were pabshed bro, ba smot nee enone he Pare or pec endion of hi ate county ‘te inow at Manoleece wat tn sclve qeica, ven 2 ‘reqant minis and mincele fn Romani Uh 1928 ate age of ‘Buty te, be war adeaty the Dirgstor of inusty nthe Minty of Seca crest tt Hem te nd ao a ve ES eS Se ‘ie nt uenqunrt Romain work 9 Mana, am deta Yo She Si reelnustey and Commerce, and latin hat sae yar ho became the ‘Suber f th nity of Pinnce 1300 ne mes saree ly Minster of Communications and Pole Works end Minster of Industry and Commerce. The flowing gear mat mace Governot of fhe National Bank, where he pred ver th convener of Seeuitral debi. In ‘udton, Manors wat st pation its, baring ben ed and gue’ for purtlaso in ere tpt in oar. He tuna the Naina Past Pay in 1999 snd 1 poles! movement, the Ligs Nsfonl Corporat in T892, a bara ltd Senate. With ister mas peso fat ‘alicia effort was onented toward Romanian sues an prc en, ad was certainly informed by an inmate Howie of Neweitele, reading of thse work of hs pubed out of ‘Romania woul har vee! raion venti? Por anotber thing, Mimoecu var seaty ire an logue ‘han theorit in te ample sens hth eed to del oes |y" wih soci, econo nd pole lsdontipe nay chute beer tte put as they Weald Becomes tan wih he lic napa of how and why they aetually sce, Without ‘Sting too fly on Ht pont, aceite ‘mus concede the Teely wasted ach fferon frp lth ‘aia Alough Manon had’ sone net expres ofthe ier politcal sytams he wrote abowt—sipecilly fe be ety 1880+, when be iteededConernct ma ate cans ‘Span, Por, and Pace, and appuealy winced the 1958 ‘Nimo yo te NOGA ls or teschs of Munolin, Goebbels, Hier, Rotenberg, Ca Schmit, Saar, Ataturk, und company to each he “easel reli ‘of bs poln' tn or, Manders was very mach the Roti wht re obec he elope Bane ‘Roking tnd ornate veto of te Tirte’® seng os so pes as srs Me ay itis ‘eoapion de abuts g peel eer ce Tare 910k Shirerpacre oat eel ae aes numalian) Fervent te ‘he sesingy prior t 1994, we the are om btactacy besa Pree, ‘nie Cir Bei Copan Depa in Hae iS eating © seit st the Cn Capt Rs fade tno to hae served rae Eondl ot ‘SRignt toward No homeland td sawher the Souther Pio fou sn Latin Armeran erie, whee hs works Celle ‘Ehuvely ying te Z000¥ han arse emprtan’ and ongnal ober ‘range of Roman aaa too a ae act 1 hve found of nae pol ho dom te faow penned ey impeity nae couicy dees ay occonind umeres mist nari nore Se dein | ces Sela ana ut ‘rere aha a a ne ed oer Mancievy tems to hare bounced fom one pry 10 ‘theron ead ct ete etd ae ‘pened comple nthe dependence of more power pia ee ncn ie hotan Sao of Kn Ct {t20040y, Purbermor, be tems to hae lcked he profesn Ska foancal scouting wa face “sary we cote tad so macho Saar reputation, Mont port cold be ‘Sind athe cameron coro wn eo SIRI erin for depart rene were ined an Prop oe tatoo a pci raion cone f Asai Meron, the compro contr wth Se and Portugal a templng. and we shal feta to en te Shrare nal Manon wat tnd ata eget he Pech gue Boca bt be made iste mah pt syn Par Vay P81 9 oust ain wk Mansi he Gems re an Soe ASS fe Se ine a te ‘he late watt go thr clued at confvnc ae Tp, eyi eon ete now ie antone ase of nemonly eee {steed oles “and enc cn fh na = sad ciel opnton of te Sprute a ‘pric euminton of the mete ofS fers sein? ‘ater thn mere “npn thor" he might hare hed ec oe apa on Romanian publ potey aad palit te son mateo wn wach Intermatonls agrees £800) es Lone i owen Sangin Pee ae Eat ee ee ee eee ec are na oer, See Temaa ei hooters ‘on Sih wo ted Roe ytnct at ey Se eouniation of the growing weulth and proluctinity gp tv ented ldveloped tnd perpherallnderdereloped counts an the ‘Sl of dominion i eaforsng sachs apart, an Ms aserton of ation ght to Beer ealiy an eq tn intertona ‘ating, ong ac, stog oan» rd tet of maeal “lon” danands fr erecting the tere float “dvaion of labor sod dition of benefit Fesprrnl ‘Splat mations ete becoming tere evar ofthe dary {2 returs genemtad by ther exchange of tw mutate 09 ‘lus for mantactued goods. Thay wee tepning ood would Seca implemen ne nana nomi pols sw as of eure, sly acelernted tn smarqunceof Word We otic must be rpuded woul tend embracing ore a re ibe world's periphery and eventual nocssting hana oe Sononies and poles of tome advanced capital nations (15 ‘hiore du provetionsiome, Masolesea dove not beat to fe ‘avin to the United Sater tnd ret Bra cu hog he fers tery tew cones poly magpesone for mania) fe eed onvncngly arin (end yerapecompelingy demonstrates, gies the ton sf Fs werk in Souther Europe and Lata Anes} that Minoacu i atthe gone of fhe pene ren td evn of any of the sete alte wha twenty Yeas ter Stine to be knowe tthe ECLA, (anom Common fr Lat ‘Arce Doce, and even na the UNCTAD (Une Nations CGontrence on Trae’ and Development) postion The. cant Siosuone about the etablahment of « Sew Won Economie Order nave incorpo tread ton poly Hus (eg Jot bortriim, mulated commonty ngwereat spec dre Ing nhs tc), but te might be connor 2 ciminaion of Minaleae's ine of theorising, Gren anaes suteeqent ‘soction wih fc and the Cl of pray dependents to roprentpsloly leftat fore, doubt tat an utes of warty woud be cpt by his desendert “sie from ta purl eoooinie mentor demerta? Manoie cut inl wor had one ring majo defect i lake comvng Ses ee ee‘eceogy o “politiolgy’—any undending of the scl andor ett aden WA Ug hoe cone opera Shek to sdoot ‘te polite he commande, Whe wea Pome, who would tke Le rity who wold pay tu oa ‘Tetld beast from the tt to permaneny pote mtouly ‘onomow eemomic owih? "How would dont exten ‘tom rect Win sor of itemation antent woul tlre et & calenge? What Kind of domesse politcal rogme cud ee Decidio te andlor plement sch pacer? ‘nlepolting Manolis argue, one mht prone the ‘otowing (0) te ave ants of te Spe of Gewlopene pany hee commended by Manobuot wot cone foe wih ‘Sut y woul be wctnocts nr te Manabe bl would a ot of pono sonrcton tnd monaat mion (2) the rnp benetcros would be ptonl cal canes ‘ts, who woud wpotineoy sae the opportunity afore oy racial etna would tthe peaatsyand ature taped rho, would be either vo plea duped cr 4 Leche pect a tobe incapable of rein soc sone menting (4) Se potential external opponents ‘woud by 0, weakened SSR ee ele comin ong thn at be Sapotent 19 et tne shane to iy, ta opt ce "suo prove eoneous. The Ramanan tate apantan nent hoe eed’ te tsa experi, the fuel eure, the Saal ‘Satesion, tdior tw eatlonaat sel o ply en aso ae te ational boueoile was probaly too cence, monopaicn |y-mindeds dependeat on foreign capa nd ecology, ta nny ‘the ten rately dence pate prose fo make much {be opportune ote The pasniy and anprsede cent ‘erecta were sutfcenty poweblycaeenched i tn ntacg SSNS eee fc Sine ant we oy eck of vcegiion af fegn tne tt prety Symes fctr peace the kan ha loi Cas a reg ei es mista ea seem noone ere nts 058°" Porgy intrest were nial too nekened nd compet Ee poem ttt =hso eevee ae Se Cen nem vet igs ence ay pore fem a ees foie ee ies Hip marae mie he ara Stas oem wales oor Gangs in plc a adapt I oe en Lie, the world dprssion nd lard Romania's iteration ho actin ene ey ie See ae ae ae Peart bat ia caste ihc eee the crenoe of «congo ae for Roman In 1096, mor alc wk, Le Site du corortime, was fist published In a ecg mos fino pa ron Li corporate nol mn en enn st we theca of copretan jt he scent ws cea 2 Masts spp the fth nh eae oe c's nen tla races bewees Ch soe) ad sao Cpa esii {he te with an wevnent which wa complex (if incomplete) and singy moder 3 Fin (comport theorist to the contrary notwittadig), Manatees ieied that i conception of tne spas of eg, ‘praiation which he presented ura complete tem of pla ‘Erinn had og od, national or Wena, wi saged rein of Cuno ot meio prctn. Not ee id be doubt he existence of "atralhermony” nach once eg, it alo aceped we deine and Geet rp ease ‘owteentscetiry Inerlom and capil developer. ane ‘Bent then, was rigorously tear end (inven bts propesse fd elit, looking formed pompectily rather tha taceard resalgealy ‘Sein, Magis made hit ca on mater oud, While ooincd lke Dubna that propery contacted omperatins Sd oe ope mate ote mr ‘ila ty Lntepting him into society ieagh new corel onds the imperative force Iading to corportiaion nou be {oud in the pit sconemy of the tne “ne ata of owner stip, rodeo, nd Sstbation of capil In facet seed "epi, Mao approvingly le Mare, though necro ‘edad Marsa Sheol ofthe wart ae than etre eh cena. ‘Td anoles denied tat corporate was mera tempo: ‘ay deaie mechan forthe moblation snr polo of ‘las glam wich oud vmehow aie nny when the sng ‘deat had pad, Nat, prnetd itt permanent nation fom, ot intially babolen Yo any scl at ot eet the masenane ofthe wats quo, cpade of mbuig pred. ‘ior of tation gous and erst teammate ‘Spit ban of soca [Cerport, a ManoUescu understood and adrosid was ‘9 ition gli! vspone tos patsdae paces of tear ‘tion Ut he moi polite ecnomy andi snd of ISternaonalseicaten mere undergang and whch Menon, a tine eal in hs Torte Sdotioart cus” ny i he ‘eations Entren pope ther than etween us win nator ‘ian far, clue moe condoned if got dete ty sri org es an acts meni oh Se i a meee nese a tcc te meena ro a ea Bote aera ces Bat seteiaiaetignin eh ores i ie re an Berea eee oor Sone enemies Bron ee en eet att Ses SS eer eas ee eae ‘ising “demand for equality ‘of benef and sator among caloc ee el ear eres eee aerate iso eereereeaer ee ee is cn turers und els own Teantoen barging contualy Peta seer rome ie ant nomen sapere mm fe ore re rs toe Etemcerearees a ace ‘quetee of thle ew tenons betwen eal td peripheral copa Seeocee aes SS co nae Ses Sete SS Sn, Se es ere See eeecr as cere ares Sheers meen Se Se pe ie ce es oe SP no mnnnirenctenars meres Pelee eaten hho Ferg ag pet toareietl SeeBut why coportan? Why this parca tet of “eourintne ‘mente de" te" as Manolesu untincningy old tht ‘Spuments wee male, not oguly conn‘og eo content. (G) Te corporations would fil ox «contin fry of suthoriy, thereby prong the Seltd abd lngtent cl with cat of welletined intrmedary ranks ad opal "agpng Bee eee at tag Fl ‘eos “i ce trom unitary ad loge pant of view oe ‘ecilzedprobions poo by the comple reigns between toe Iaido and the wale" To do Ui tave new unio roprese {ton wld have fo be ter, coreg nt Ja scone arse fe Fe ay, atc, eb, pial, rant “2) The functional specialization of corporations would be ‘wctnelopealy eterna.” ding the poly to veto sls earn wh im wos ate at {echnical expert, deprsonlice lade, ad bog oot mtr alanced interdependence among use ara, Specialy and mest Import, cororaions woul fiat the expanding fl he tise in atonal economic planing and eral economic (0) By devoting ts authorty to “aety defn,” “never conteictory" aed tesa” stare ert, he Pe would be lead of decional and implemetatind rapensbiiy ‘rer “ovement” mae (wall, hel tc) and sald then ‘Sve more tention andar onach ent” ak ital ecu external defen orga, nd atonal propaga. IP adaon "The multipin of eonomie ctr, eect wl soca Feo of he vate andthe plu of sours of public bower eee une function (orgie Geter ope toa fine ti aedy existing In embryonic fom) which he ution fof ubitaton and ordination ofall national active ‘Th impaaive of our tie oli the ata to eeogsan [confi of solve ara hey ven Beto sie ‘hom, And they taketh sate te moe tive an altel of ‘wots (Een mor] the ab mut hee [sown pom of ltr) temutefepate tee conics of interest ‘But hav le llatve otra gener deco fctating te ‘cordiation of tational actif, Inatiwe ecoee thew ‘eton wksown bythe indore and embracing al (4) Terough st compartmerttaad verte pling and nr tera hiechy of author, corporation would prod an aneote to te "pit af elas” The inter, a oto form of “Ronan Senscournen.” would be replace by the new mist of atonal ‘old and tuncionly edependent eran Despite the fact that corporate concious pesenty ‘we wil way rimph in the ed, Bocas nie ‘Told we ae ering today, where solar and ergata {Se imperatives for sri, ere wll be no ce for eee ‘cei ference. Or, dfreoes of dase we rosy eile! {nd temporary nga to the aceponalcacumstanen of te ‘tenth en Manllscainplod that thle “benevolent” naety-de svi in the ples ot gro conounne would bp fhe Ponte {ore nplaition of stat corporation, and he hinted that 1m om te cara neces otces Soh na na (oeol eset tnd oh cre wh i option ‘would be more spontaneous and voluntary: - in Weir rope, he ong css nd the wring a wil shee com gy ah ne Sly of wineung te case fw nda ‘Pom wich ey han bobo mreniy a yy sn an oa aceon ems at Smo cee ceerena ieee eae eel See a veacmr manure, Sy cestesapamanr eer carme rec ee a wthoritarin aspects of th teunsition to state corporatiam was his Seema Seana Surana eae cat roa ing wnt mt hei pce wears cot doproportonte mmm Duss iy on bbems ones eee ane n SSS SS ot tng weiner ‘Sicion’ on mula seuty im star for sco and ig Proluctniy. Both of awe new oes de Tépoqucolletie goals {a erniston--wold of coune hte o berms compat wi td abordinae tothe ght Wel of alta “adaptable et {eton” whch Manolescs exclaimed in an wach bust of {Seltaan shears fo mean that "Al tat conforms thee Iter install it woot to Wat tvs us ‘As complex and suggetive (inom and deformed by wishin) ar thee arguments may be, Monliaea was moh Ins plat abou the ps tnd te pec declon! wcence [prvi he taontoware thie new fom of ines ep ran, He had to sh cle «sco, Dot 7 = Falcaogy” Thre me no prime move, no inet waning ‘ation Nok ren s confgagseaieay for lemesting th ara of te cota" Ore be wi he piace tlouoe tht cope would omen Sant ac oud) {hetpmcte ef Gegedpendon coal pas over assay Aid pur of tine widout te mane plac procuer of Arierton, cone, wil or better, MUlenbidana)y Soe ‘Sen being nec. Tn muegus wrk Le Pt gn, Nana and potlogy. Babwen Te03 tnd 136 be wens to hae lot Be ‘lr int comensal and continous rou Lo sat omer ‘Sn. Appel tothe tetorete and mere eon ofthe conttuion Met onre uifey oatcnt,Wae f= epeily before Pc a fn sn ee ey ‘STs et cetay ha he encarta Wet oat Rie tate ated tn at env eet{erin audiences Manic conned to nit hal “neo abot lama opine change wee nt mecay prreuie for oe {etsforaton of Inte Tepeesetation he adtociod event in oma and oter European counter som to bn lo Kn fo sete conlsion,Kisnew "inperae- anoles tems to bee ‘ad posto for preting i hs “ding” er hol nese sti of the cet vas the sage party Whe tn earth seta wate rt of ple latin he went ena the eof pall Bons Wt nee as seen Nunca ato" short dab at compte pry tes tna lengthy pty ofthe sng faty thee of teas tea cen" log neceaty:” tna of he St ‘ater of cpio,” "soli of pia han nse tec for ie Conta of A va force forthe sniestion of he Nation” Sean or he emia ot adv dologsodae ‘ierion ‘of econdary pees" ny of Cetny eras a ‘inning contact wih the fople” “ihe sont of oct Se ott a he ce ‘thir, select and ine "roe a. od ‘rotunda hve pola nd aoc alr ra farahe oy ‘Spproprate clatooe from Manali, Hier, Govt Rost, Sana, and company, and by «comparative “tut te gente and cecumstantal™ apc of he Sprtion 1 te USSH Taney, tly, Foriual, and Garman, welt genase of Yembrynic” cae Attra, Beg, Bulga Beamer Eo. laa, Holln, Norway, Fland, Siaeang,Spu, tnd Menge hate Romania merited wt parsaph The ony se tlt an wich Ramana, rely. uc ‘es ertoned cone of ations we Caden’ Cle ios £2 ete he ethicoselgou superior of he movement (re {soscty te tat te “mont unanimoutconent oft act, {he importance of affective te ove ftaacn and autry aids the pary (the tus oan tite tsa eect minor dre sant (ened to apply the Fubrepinp a ives poy ‘etre (1 she advantage of coca dicing Cer nat. ‘reed (1, tate tperatne nec (gue ft te a moe, eet anu uanotsscu AND DELAYED DERENDENT DEVELOPMENT 19) for aur nition wit he ty, dan to he mon Dor, inte two yeas that scart Le Sie di corr ten uni, Mans ems a ae ec Vd and ocome comply tried by Paci and Ge ‘mumopite ‘icone, Prom + rine deeminie ono throug a more enive (if aniguows) sels, be mowed ey {Tucky nto s son of uitepollnm, in whicn everything became ‘Ty Glan od lenden At one poe fooks ack thi peioae ‘Tov and sme ha ines tho ve rad the eter Sle de ‘Drporatie tay Sha arn contaictonbeonewn i nd be ‘art ungue After ai te former he had sdvooswd/peiced Septet tat aye aw) eo = btega puw copomtan emery beens ‘hamstjcts tg the tae: Sutacqunty, anol conceded ‘turk coporaiam cou only be san fre wien ‘erent of "comport cenceunes” tnd onl fe te ‘Sianmen of sch aig depee of talon itepation tt “ok ‘Ta Srtinc car and partianToyliee would have tne ea Sino ae vy ont tae my ‘Ein the meantime, thawe “imperatives af the entry ere Sig rly sn, cy oth ir Fe counter would hive fo we for webortinie o “aed {fem of export’ "e aturd at the corporations mat be in stage. Th ined tory Sing pty hich ‘aks the rein and incamaty wi Poly note {Spiel Gat the subordination of corpora interest repeetton {ovpary moblanion woud befor oly "a rary pelo, bat Shrmtttiealy be ore nota to what or who woul pe {oem he tak of renoing the tor 1 the abience of companie cae diy, i not easy to crauite Marcin prottheory of the emergence of tate cor ‘oman oro saborta further spon Ina very geal ay. hee {om to be a cameapondence beowen the context of pre ‘Sinyed'depetent caplaiom, aac of featve underly i it enn th epee tne hj th ge edn pasa amano oan etrains Si mlm ine Sah ey a sa mn Sane emcee Sea otet adams Titetegeciie sarin ener cece nae ary aioe re eed ‘bey ca oes Selatan bar hey Sahn Soya eet aaa sehr. sees $i) pees Ting onan ar it Eece be te errors eee acer Sage ei a, su, ea, a ee Seoniet acetate Cooma {ng all interest sectors and all levels of the pollty ‘with imprescive ey earth ine aoe Seog euco meres Careers ‘ot only reveled the fous pays erence of any of hee hey Se ara naar ie Spec gat arene ohlyaeae Snesdicptnecneny Hanionc wetemarmeamne Sy gia cait aoe cae ease sriely ‘ceprved. tof new, compliant worker yndicnes tne ‘state corporaiss acted much more csutiously and “understanding “an te fe inertia cep lo a Ena 07 "Copa aed ie Pg ae Eyer a Poa yt apse poe an etn Feige pecrerta wit Sr ener th uctons ict Hl Iti ustouhed; an swocations for rl workers, wher owed to ei ware iced unde els Contre! of te andow {Sun ero stag was mad to tens such preexent,pre- eit Srperatins a the Chase and he ever omer ‘ono cid rant wat expe presales oe ors sf ey Yor ay ner oo rat al 2 ‘ene nica’ peak teins of employers nd worn (Bra ‘ritewe the ume res bltucly ade (Prt) the oo Sepovooee war run by and for employes. sor, what appaed fight wo be ebitectanie monuments of gat ope, fond. te symmetsy tend ost spon coer nspetion Tobe i boat iio improved, and Topaded as thar vcietally comport rete. ‘Some of Manollae's prottherescl asumptlons about the poliseafunedons and poieyconsequenes of wate corporis ‘n't hae Soe cote by hr suboequost pres. It has ter ‘Sette with the extannon of sae contral rer exP0r com etter plc fpr ata, me pte mos scent in ering Roraontal (a) orms of scours, ie inposton of veriealad Secon Merahs ‘hd'tepmentad interest categories Bar deiintelyndermined he ‘Shei and cpa of the poetar and eve of he Dourasoe {erect wah eapect to gener poly tues Te has svanced pa fru vith an expansion the fle of vechnotatic exert and (personel (sotto my tale) ederip nes, Most porn. {ther great advanced ad lactated the serene Msn ‘Eeehuoqesclt-thar “prose nbereby saa eeeuie pow? come Proresvly mote independent” tom secountabity 12 Crnized socal loupe whic Mart long ag wg a the ‘inal lemon in moserm sthortaran ae anc a aahana en en oc Seesein a tnd np i te slr tn ts tert ee Settee mecreemnoraa ter Ses ear ea ty taney See Pome eal Sree eres ree ae Sts Sees Ge paces macarons Sp er oe Ser a eee soo ie cee en ay es Simeone es Sigua Sarat ein Soiree Shee gare Su Soeesaltac oes age Seo cera ec anne Sioa amt arenes ee Sig Soca Spat cea seas aoe, te is a Ree a sR Sereriem diay ates ee Sp eetng memtaiee trae ae ie tthe Coane eae aa Seca a a ee Soe SaaS oae matin emcees nt eis mie aes eae ele ri aay a ee feecae ce aceae te Cowl mie baste ee et Se Ser states Stach aera mndigmaratae ore ie _ Pepe aint ation pol by Mano nie umpedisin about te inetabity of compare nn epee ‘ectaton and wsthortaran sng party meine tent sete why war tis doce eaten! sucht fap in hr own cout va Yte nia Pr 970) jp. 18S A Sone ee eee Tee meh cra s rm a aac Sea aoa oe Sane oe Petes ieee coe cat he Speer easements tie x n+ rca tom at voor ate si et a atk Semele Ear Soeeeerrceeraiamas Sr oe een eee get Re meee renas rare aro Seema = mu preemptive sug owt oat rom ore ees ‘Of enctabiiy tnd hanno of erent mprsetation in ore Sots Seem ein eee Saoee eee Seas Bs ae a etree Fertile sinoncod tks tet to eats tt normal opus Coa e tae nates oes cee rie racy ena ‘alternative uses of that same space. The third was the extent to say Se em ce Snes ae aca has pegs aps feos toe scenes at Seems pate So eaan eee onan ee et eA aaa ee of apace fee ec, Se Geeecee ‘Solsny by cee eed fre te nt heey ne oe ‘tater pred mero {905 181) 3a Te aaron‘mie, mal cote pt etic iin fie nominating decinal “order the ting ration of lil aed wai soars ook, “arti appeal to wider pbs ad hana. When one somber these four obeouy‘nterlted dimen 1 one ed fo the conclusion tha he oe ond consequence of ‘corporation mt be assed ot prinary i te of ahel ‘ly ond pont). scomplad, St i terme of hat I ity ad netiny prevented rom happening. ‘By deng colle potieyand'so auch gaily, ate ort pactced Forigl and other mhotaran eines {Toray duble wet ‘of waymmetc bat terpenes ot omy nian irda pape who taxon itt otal pats and protectin trom show, and werd Sores ho recived minimal Infomation nd sb dope of ‘ay oes fem nr, ering en o and the Sut by dlbertyand Conceal ‘Mest the stone dation between ere fo rns Selective hole the private and the pe ‘ne ‘eto prevent the euergetr of Gio dar egy et ‘Sized roupconfrentaton, with the consoont lar of sat Snomy whch might otherwise fave bch “epotanesy™ iced athe melt of capt devopmant. "ar aichy aie Doran wat not the det expreuion oft pais dominant ‘a aso allace, but of» pare “vee cont ‘in of wei cases either tum gas bate uit ‘nd soln, no tw product of saves “Yuta sen” not beter atone of “monopoly capa the exec of trai in Porug was everett pled to tht ‘trams of sjuting + stem of poe damnation fo the ‘ands of capa accumulation and reproduction enforced seaman pl compara beny of the more autonomous tod dynamic“, "ters {ero captaluesvlopnent “hs th ove conan emphases, we mt not expect ordinate of sate corporat to have accoplhed ay pach ‘ponte enepoce Manas We moa ook pmay for Rein, “arr and Pe Pte a Aan Pin nou nga pon the polite reef pect of et Sod ca sca ie datdton ot tees he Sccan f ‘te sourcs an tonto of ule pli tat woudl) ive been gute ftrent paate nterat ol and comet Ae pty Conti ha been lstedencouras. A search houth sae of copeairaubortatn ror rome sitive “Spon wsnony, oly poe lt rel ot rd ed pence Fae te oly with te get wd at rtrd srs ‘ent wi he mode of neato ren by the reduced amtigioor—eaatie standards the oman tee nei, To a ‘ita of pernplion, proinenew defearenes, and compar {penta oot scent ba brn aid, “ref demon tan serie trend parame de slot Romania tet Porpl sees 1090 were rental. ‘Oy the fomert ceded fuera! tem ee eee teed of tracy fretted’ tem fin. oma Wat {ep naea tn popbton, but Portus poplon cat wat Shiy'iosee Olver, thre were protuny few oer pan of Eugen cour primes thar lec of osernon ‘i doped tne “Toy bower, tr Ines pattern of extra dene deoce t Tabe | howe, Portal had more mport per ata and ‘mined inbuanee ot curest tude account, wie Romans ‘iceman was mc rong. 1809 Gary 8 see Sean agua produ const S43 peret of Forteat ‘purnd ony 28. percent Romani Of he npr soe, ‘Rttoctre pods ecmprnd 80 pent of Roma's purchases om sboud ad only 82.5 percent of Fours By tees Ads, Fortgl hae ore sss dependent economy en oman banizss lena lfc thee figure te some {Seon ato whether tw il foe of Menta sanoSSRIS NSreg ree foun 2 Popa deny pr mie) v0 4 Ueto in on 88,00) ras 4 Rta tage (ism) os me nets 09 ie 7 3, Ley (not t ppaon) 348 or eketgreren ene ome oo nase nt AS te Conti Tmt at (Cm, Ma IT Imgeave rely applied that well to his Romelund altouth on (Ghar tad poled pounds, Romania certainly was perpen to ‘feope—nd ule sean to the Tat Prt, of coune, wat {alrge mpee—eod gle proud of "The fart oa awe to why corporation and siggy rule wert hoe "ier old” cach beta nortan a Romans spy tine and exogenous cheumsance. Both expe ‘Reps arte nthe 1980 butte Romanian was ut off 1940 {nd then overved by internal wa, Presumably, ba 8 Pheer and unvedabeexogenoa lor not inerened,Romais Tags have "enped™ ot forty eas feat a proc period [Stcororiesutnortaran rae, Thi hypothe can be at st arly cied hy oberg tat Porta postion of ts mode of poli domination was aeecy mba € Urechad ol Before ta war broke out, Prom te sant evince {have been aia to pte omnia ff nts rection were fen concer and few soe even before the regime Carge ‘Sc paicosconomlesbordinaten of 100. "Tye mart competing ser (ot) In te pectin of po ‘el foros wich roe to clenge and oppose te conolaton te Tlumted, rotecapias, buersrtensthortarin regime. The {hse wasnt rustance to hele on De pat of ira andoe Soci fort in naar cme were ty an eect pediment Fither the problem centered on the sature wd stent ofthe ex {tee Mab. Wout emis manok, eden ue, andr ft {Eprints Porupl ince the soe of movement why ol ‘SE.Semtun andor xenophobia, wight have Posed Ue pote ‘Sriom ino a foie, moe, totalaran mode, When the ‘Bipgo at wach movement emer 1992-54 (he Ble oF Folded Sypcla) wes ely squleed anor coopted, Roy frei te oer hand was sey fragmented sed vaneble ‘Seal formation, Ante, Western, we raion ‘ld ed id combine in = "powerfafectal and pole ‘opal, To tse Sep embedded emotional fre, Mano’ Fendt tecnocrat sonal, and marl corporstic Tru ove append eacesly fori and fie volich. {Btn hen coued with he eer of mone uthontanani. the inpotion of tse of purty (ihe Pont of National ‘bir nd the apleton of trata cewion it proved spabe ‘teeming te de omar tala Seaton. 5a, haa eran, 84 Wl Lenn