Ray Optics

No. of Images &

Velocity of Image Lecture - 2
Jayant Nagda
Physics Educator
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B.Tech, IIT Bombay

IIT-JEE AIR - 161

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Laws of Reflection

Incident Ray Normal

Reflected Ray
N
A B
O : Point of incidence
i r AO : Incident ray
ON : Normal
O i : Angle of Incidence
Plane Mirror r : Angle of Reflection

1. Angle of Incidence is equal 2. Incident ray, Normal to the mirror

to Angle of Reflection and Reflected ray,
∠i=∠r all lie in the same plane.
Image formation from Plane Mirror
mirror

A E

h0 hi
θ θ
Object B θ C D Image

● I is virtual image,

● at same distance from mirror as object.

● Same size as object
● Upright
● Left-Right reversal (lateral inversion)
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Mirrors perpendicular to each other

Case I
Object kept on angle bisector of Mirrors. (placed symmetrically)

M1

M2
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Mirrors perpendicular to each other

Case I
Object kept on angle bisector of Mirrors. (placed symmetrically)

M1

O
I1

M2

I3 I2
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors
Mirrors perpendicular to each other
Case II Object not kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed asymmetrically)
M1

M2
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors
Mirrors perpendicular to each other
Case II Object not kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed asymmetrically)
M1

I1 O

M2

I2
I3
Image formation from Plane Mirror

➔ Image formed at equal distance from mirror as object

O
I1 = ?

I2 = ?
Image formation from Plane Mirror

➔ Image formed at equal distance from mirror as object

➔ Image formed along the line which is perpendicular to the Mirror

and passing through object

O
I1

I2
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors
Mirrors at 120o to each other
Case III Object kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed symmetrically)
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Case III Mirrors at 120o to each other

Object kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed symmetrically)
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Mirrors at 120o to each other

Case IV
Object not kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed asymmetrically)
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Mirrors at 120o to each other

Case IV
Object not kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed asymmetrically)
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Mirrors at 60o to each other

Case V
Object kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed symmetrically)
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Mirrors at 60o to each other

Case V
Object kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed symmetrically)
Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

All images formed by two plane mirrors lie on a Circle

Number of Images by Two Plane Mirrors

Mirrors at 60o to each other

Case VI
Object not kept on angle bisector of Mirrors (placed asymmetrically)
Formula for Number of images

Θ angle between Number of Images Placement

Mirrors

3600/θ = even placed

anywhere

3600/θ = odd if placed on

angle bisector

3600/θ = odd if not placed on

angle bisector
Formula for Number of images

3600/θ = Even

Ө = 60o Ө = 90o
Formula for Number of images

3600/θ = Odd

Ө = 120o Ө = 72o
Formula for Number of images

Ө = 90o Ө = 60o

Ө = 45o
Formula for Number of images

Θ angle between Number of Images Placement

Mirrors

3600/θ = even (3600/θ) - 1 placed

anywhere

3600/θ = odd (3600/θ) - 1 if placed on

angle bisector

3600/θ = odd (3600/θ) if not placed on

angle bisector

3600/θ ≠ integer Integral part of 3600/θ

Velocity of Image Plane Mirror

Perpendicular to Mirror

O I

➝ ➝
VI = - V O
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground)
in each case:

1.
+ve

O
A. + 2 m/s B. - 2 m/s
2m/s

Rest
Velocity of Image Plane Mirror

Perpendicular to Mirror
➝
VM

O I O I

➝ ➝ ➝ ➝
VI = - VO VIM = - VOM
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground)
in each case:

2. +ve A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s

C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s
Rest

2m/s
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground)
in each case:

3. +ve
A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s

O C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s
2m/
s

1 m/s
Velocity of Image Plane Mirror

Parallel to Mirror

➝ ➝
O I VI = VO

Stationary
or Moving
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground)
in each case:
2m/s
4.
A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s

O
C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s

Rest
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground)
in each case:

5. A. - 2 m/s B. - 3 m/s
2m/s

O C. - 4 m/s D. 0 m/s

Rest

1m/s
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground)
in each case:
y

6. 10 m/s

370
O x

Rest

A. 8î + 6ĵ B. - 8î - 6ĵ C. - 8î + 6ĵ D. None
Daily Practice Problems
Example An object is placed between two plane mirrors set at 600 to
each other. The maximum number of images seen will be

A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6

Ans : C
Example Images formed by an object placed between two plane
mirrors whose reflecting surfaces make an angle of 90º
with one another lie on a

A. Straight line B. Zig-Zag curve C. Circle D. Ellipse

Ans : C
Example If an object is placed unsymmetrically between two plane
mirrors, inclined at an angle of 720, then the total number
of images formed is
A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. ∞

Ans : A
Example Determine velocity of image (with respect to ground)
in following case:
y
4√2 m/s

450

O 530

10 m/s

Ans: -14 i - 8 j
Example An object is initially at a distance of 100 cm from a plane
mirror. If, the mirror approaches the object at a speed of 5
cm/s. Then after 6 s the distance between the object and
its image will be

A. 60 cm B. 140 cm C. 170 cm D. 150 cm

Ans : B
Example A particle is moving in front of a plane mirror as shown in
figure. The velocity of image with respect to object is

v
A. v sin θ B. v cos θ C. 2v sin θ D. 2v cos θ
θ

Ans : C
Example A boy is walking under an inclined mirror at a constant
velocity V m/s along the x-axis as shown in figure. If the
mirror is inclined at an angle θ with the horizontal then
Y what is the velocity of the image?

A. V sin θi + V cos θj B. V cos θi + V sin θj

V C. V sin 2θi + V cos 2θj D. V cos 2θi + V sin 2θj

θ
X

Ans : D
Example 2 plane mirrors are arranged parallel to one another each
moving with a speed v. The linear velocity of the Nth image
of a point object placed in front of the first mirror is

A. N v B. 4N v C. 3N v D. 2N v

Ans : D
Example Car moving on a highway at 50 km/hr sees a truck in front of
it carrying a plane mirror at its back, moving in the same
direction. If the driver of the car sees the reflection of car
coming towards him at 50 km/hr, what is the speed of the
truck?

50 km/hr

Ans: 25km/hr
Example A man runs towards a rickshaw with speed u and the
rickshaw moves away from him with speed v. The speed
with which the man approaches his image in the plane
mirror fixed in the rear of the rickshaw is
A. 2( u – v) B. 2u – v C. u – 2v D. u – v

Ans : A
Example A plane mirror is Inclined at an angle θ = 30° with the
horizontal surface. A particle P is projected with velocity
V = 10 m/s as shown in figure. Time when the image will
come momentarily at rest w.r.t. to the particle

A. √3 B. √2

C. 1/√2 D. 1/√3 V

300 600
P

Ans : D
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