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1/5 ﺏ( ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 45 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 25 1
ﺩ( ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 87 ﺝ( ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 68
ﻭ( ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 109 ﻫ( ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 99
1/5 ﺏ( ﭘﺎﺩﺭﻣﺰﻩ )ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﻛﺪﻭﻥ( ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 29 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﻮﮔﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 16 2
ﺩ( ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 90 ﺝ( ﻛﺮﺍﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 65
ﻭ( ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 119 ﻫ( ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﻧﺎ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 93
1/5 ﺏ( ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 20 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 5 3
ﺩ( ﻣﻬﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 34 ﺝ( ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 25
ﻭ( ﻛﻠﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ (0/25) aﺻﻔﺤﺔ 80 ﻫ( ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 38
0/75 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﻨﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ) (0/25ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ. 4
) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 3
ﺏ( ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 10
0 /5 ﻫﻠﻴﻜﺎﺯ ) (0/25ﻭ ﺩﻧﺎﺑﺴﭙﺎﺭﺍﺯ )DNAﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺯ( ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 11 5
0 /5 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 17 6
ﺏ( ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ (0/25) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 18
1 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ (0/25) Pﺻﻔﺤﺔ 30 7
ﺏ( ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 31
ﺝ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺭﻧﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ (0/5) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 32
0 /5 ) (2ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 35 ) (1ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ )(0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 35 8
1 ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 43 9
h
Y X ﮔﺎﻣﺖﻫﺎ
(0/25) XH Y (0/25) XHXh XH
1 ﺏ( ﺭﻧﮓ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 41 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﮕﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 41 10
ﺩ( ﻓﻨﻴﻞ ﺁﻻﻧﻴﻦ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 45 ﺝ( ﺭﻧﮓ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 44
1 -2ﻫ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻡﺗﻦ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 50 -1ﺝ ﺟﻬﺶ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 48 11
-4ﺍﻟﻒ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻡﺗﻦ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 50 -3ﺏ ﺟﻬﺶ ﺍﺭﺛﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 52
»ﺍﺩﺍﻣﺔ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ«
1 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ) (0/25ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ 12
ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ (0/25) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 53
ﺏ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺟﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ
ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺍژﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ (0/5) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 93
1 ﺏ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮگ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 58 ﺍﻟﻒ( (0/25) HbSﺻﻔﺤﺔ 56 13
ﺩ( ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻮﺯﻱ )ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ( ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 61 ﺝ( ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺯﺍﻳﻲﺩﮔﺮﻣﻴﻬﻨﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 60
1/5 ﺍﻟﻒ( CO2ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ) (0/25ﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ (0/25) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 69 14
ﺏ( ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ ATPﺳﺎﺯ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ70
ﺝ( ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ ) (0/25ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻗﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺒﺪ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 72
ﺩ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﺩﺍﻛﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ (0/25) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 75
0 /5 ﺏ( ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 73 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 73 15
1/75 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺒﺮگ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻟﭙﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺧﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺁﻛﻨﻪﺍﻱ )ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻧﺸﻴﻤﻲ( ﻧﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺠﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ) (0/25ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ 16
ﺗﻚﻟﭙﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺧﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺠﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ (0/25) .ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺧﺘﺔ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺁﻭﻧﺪﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻟﭙﻪ ﺳﺒﺰﺩﻳﺴﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ
) (0/25ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺧﺘﺔ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺁﻭﻧﺪﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﻚ ﻟﭙﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ (0/25) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 78ﻭ 79
ﺏ( ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 81
ﺝ( ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺗﻴﻼﻛﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )(0/25
ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﻼﻛﻮﺋﻴﺪ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺹ83
ﻫ( ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ (0/25) CAMﺻﻔﺤﺔ 88 ﺩ( ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻼﺯﻱ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 85
1/5 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﻮﺩﻱﺍﺳﺘﺮ ) (0/25ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 94 17
ﺏ( ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻳﺎﺧﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍژﻧﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 96
ﺝ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺁﻣﻴﻨﻮﺍﺳﻴﺪ ،ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺁﻣﻴﻨﻮﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ
ﺁﻣﻴﻨﻮﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻣﻴﻨﻮﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ (0/5) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 97
ﺩ( ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 104
0/75 ﺏ( ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ )ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ( ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 112ﻭ 114 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 111 18
ﺝ( ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 113
1/25 ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﻮﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ،ﺍﻧﺮ ژﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﺪ (0/25) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 110 19
ﺏ( ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻚ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﻱ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 118
ﺝ( ﺻﺪﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ) (0/25ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ (0/25) .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 118
ﺩ( ﺩﮔﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﻲ ) (0/25ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 123
" ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ،ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺻﺎ ﺋﺐ ﺍ ﺳﺖ"