Knu Land Policy Burmese PDF

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Karen National Union – KNU
Land Policy
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ed'gef; (Preamble) .................................................................................................1
tcef; 1/ yPmr (Preliminary) ............................................................................7
tydk'f 1.1/ aumfol;av ajr,mrl0g'qdkif&m tajccHrl
(Basic Principle of Kawthoolei Land Policy) .........................7
tydk'f 1.2/ &nf&G,fcsuf (Objectives) .....................................................8
tydk'f 1.3/ oabmobm0ESifhtwdkif;twm (Nature and Scope) ....... 11
tydk'f 1.4/ t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkcsufrsm; (Definitions) ...................................12
tcef; 2/ taxGaxG rl0g'qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm; (General Policy Matters)..........21

tydk'f 2.1/ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles) .......................21
tydk'f 2.2/ taumiftxnfazmfaqmifjcif;qdkif&m tajccHrlrsm;
(Principles of Implementation).............................................24
tydk'f 2.3/ vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
(Rights and Responsibilities)...............................................26
tydk'f 2.4/ ajr,mpDrHtkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m rl0g'? Oya'ESifhtzJGUtpnf;qdkif&m
rlabmifrsm; (Policy, Legal and Organizational Frameworks
related to Land Governance) ............................................. 30
tcef; 3/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; todtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh

cGJa0owfrSwfjcif;
(Reconignation and Allocation of Tenure Rights and Duties) ........ 33
tydk'f 3.1/ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles) ...................... 33
tydk'f 3.2/ wm;qD;umuG,fay;jcif; (Safeguards) ............................. 35
tydk'f 3.3/ ]aumf}ajrrsm; (“Kaw” Lands).............................................. 37
tydk'f 3.4/ w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
(Informal Tenure)................................................................ 40
tydk'f 3.5/ aus;&Gmajr (Village Lands) .................................................42
tydk'f 3.6/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\ pDrHcefYcGJrIatmuf&Sd trsm;jynfol
tusdK; pD;yGm;twGuf &nf&G,fxm;aomajr
(KNU Authorities-Managed Public Purpose Land) ............ 45
tydk'f 3.7/ toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;owfrSwfjcif;
(Regulating Use Rights) ..................................................... 47
tydk'f 3.8/ oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfqdkí tusdK;wl yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom
pdkufysdK;a&; (Contract Farming) .......................................... 54
tydk'f 3.9/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (Investment) ................................................ 55
tcef; 4/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;qdkif&m

ajymif;vJrIrsm; (Changes to Tenure Rights and Duties) ................ 63
tydk'f 4.1/tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles) ........................ 63
tydk'f 4.2/ avsmfaMu;ay;jcif; (Restitution) ......................................... 65
tydk'f 4.3/ jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif; (Redistribution)................................ 68
tydk'f 4.4/ ½kwfodrf;jcif; (Rescission) ................................................. 71
tydk'f 4.5/ jyefvnfjyifqifjcif; (Readjustment) ................................ 74
tcef; 5/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif; (Administration of Tenure) ............. 77

tydk'f 5.1/rSwfyHkwifjcif; (Registration) ............................................... 77
tydk'f 5.2/ wefzdk;jzwfjcif; (Valuation) ................................................ 78
tydk'f 5.3/ tcGefaumufcHjcif; (Taxation) ........................................... 79
tydk'f 5.4/ ae&mcsxm;a&;tpDtpOftm; xdef;nd§jcif;
(Regulated Spatial Planning) ............................................. 81
tydk'f 5.5/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifhywfouf
aom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;jcif; (Resolution of
Tenure rights and Tenure Rights related Disputes) .......... 81
tcef; 6/ taumiftxnfazmfaqmifjcif; (Implementation) ........................... 84

tydk'f 6.1/ oifwef;ydkYcsjcif; (Training) ............................................... 84
tydk'f 6.2/ apmihfMunhfavhvmjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;
(Monitoring and Evaluation) ............................................... 85
t*FvdyfpmvHk; twdkaumufrsm;......................................................................... 87
ed'gef;
(Preamble)
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tcef; 1/ yPmr
(Preliminary)
tydk'f 1.1/ aumfol;av ajr,mrl0g'qdkif&m tajccHrl
(Basic Principle of Kawthoolei Land Policy)
1.1.1/ ajr,m? opfawm? a&? a&vkyfief;eSifh obm0 o,HZmwrsm;tm;
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ajr,mrl0g' 7
aqmif&Guf&mwGif trsm;jynfoltusdK;tvdkYiSm ajr,mrsm;odrf;,l&ef
vdktyfygu ajr,mtay: (tuefYtowfESifh) wOD;csif; ydkifqdkifcGifh?
a'ocHjynfolrsm;\ pkaygif;ydkifqdkif toHk;cscGifh? rd½dk;zvmt& ajr,m
ydkifqdkifcGifhwdkYtm; todtrSwfjyKonfh tajccHwGif a'ocHjynfolrsm;eSifh
nd§Edkif;jyD; toHk;0ifwefbdk;t& umvaygufaps;ESifh vdkufavQmnDaxGpGm
xdkufoifhonfh avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;? oifhwifhrQwonfhajrae&m tpm;xdk;
ay;jcif;? epfemqHk;½HI;olwdkYtm; b0jyefvnf xlaxmifay;jcif;wdkYudk
aqmif&Gufay;&rnf/
1.1.7/ txuf tykd'f(1.16) yg tcGifhta&; &ydkifcGifh&Sdolrsm;tm; tod
trSwfjyKjyD; ¤if;wdkYtm; tjcm;olrsm;u ydkifeufusL;ausmfjcif;? w&m;r0if
0ifa&mufaexdkifjcif;? toHk;csjcif;? t"r®odrf;,ljcif;wdkYrS tumtuG,f
ay;&rnf/
1.1.8/ rdrdae&if;&yfudk pGefYcGmxGufajy;ae&olrsm;onf ¤if;wkdY ydkifqdkifcJh
aom ajr,mrsm;tm; jyefvnf&ydkifcGifhESifh avsmfaMu;&ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/
1.1.9/ u&iftrsdK;om; tpnf;t&H;k (autJe, f )l taejzifh ajr,mydik q
f ikd rf I
udk todtrSwjf yK rSww f rf;wif aqmif&u G af y;onfh ajr,mrSwyf wkH ifpepf
eSifh ajr,mudk pDrHcefYcGJrI pepfwdkYudk azmfaqmifonfh ,EÅ,m;wnfaqmuf
vnfywfap&rnf/ ajr,mESifhpyfvQOf;í tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;
aqmif&Gufonfh aumfrwDrsm; zGJYpnf;&mwGif autJef,ltmPmydkifrsm;
omru vlxk\ yg0ifywfoufrIudk tajccHvQuf awmifolv,form;
or*¾rsm;? Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;? trsdK;orD;ESifh vli,ftzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifzGJYpnf;ap&rnf/
tydk'f 1.2/&nf&G,fcsuf (ObjecƟves)

2.1.1/ ,ckajr,mrl0g'ESifhtwl u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t½Hk;- KNU (,ck
rSpí ]KNU tmPmydik rf sm;} [k oHk;oGm;rnf) onf EdkifiHwum vlYtcGifht
a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm; xdef;odrf;&ef? u&ifvlrsdK;tm;vHk;ESifh MumjrifhpGm
tajccscJhonfh &yf&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;wdkY zlvHka&;udk jr§ifhwif&efESifh
aumfol;avtESHYwGif a'owGif;tpm;tpm xkwfvkyfrIpepfrsm;? a*[
pepfrsm;ESifh tpm;tpmvHkNcHKrIwdkYtm; umuG,fay;&ef BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmif
vQuf&Sdonf/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifhqufpyfonfh
obm0o,HZmwrsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD; þrl0g'twGif;&Sd oD;jcm;OD;wnf
csufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf -
1.2.2/ u&ifvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh MumjrifhpGmtajccscJhonfh aus;&Gmvlxk todkif;
t0dkif;rsm;\ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm;todtrSwfjyK&ef? umuG,f&ef?
OD;pm;ay;&efESifh jr§ifhwif&eftwGuf? qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;? ab;z,fcHxm;
&olrsm;? ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;\ 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifh
rsm;tm; tom;ay;NyD;? trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihfvli,frsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;
udkvnf; txl;*½kjyKum ¤if;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh toHk;csrI tusdK;
tjrwfrsm; qHk;½HI;jcif;rS umuG,fay;&ef/
1.2.3/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhyHkpHrsdK;pHk (Tenure) ESifh ¤if;wdkYESifhywfoufonhfh
tcGifhta&;rsm;? pnf;rsOf;rsm;? wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh ydkifqdkifrI? 0if
a&mufaexdkifrI? toHk;csrIwdkYqdkif&m tuefYtowfrsm;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI
"avhrsm;tm; w&m;rQwNyD; Nidrf;csrf;pGm zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufum zlvHkaom
vlYtzGJUtpnf; tajctaeatmufwGif jy|mef;ay;&ef/
1.2.4/ "avhxHk;wrf;t&ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh (Customary Tenure Rights)
ESifh usifhoHk;xm;jcif;rsm;tm; todtrSwfjyK? OD;pm;ay;NyD; jr§ifhwif&efESifh
aexdkifcGifhrsm; wnfwHhcdkifNrJjcif;? toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh trsm;ydkifajrrsm;tm;
toHk;csEdkifjcif;wdkYtm; tmrcHEdkif&ef - txl;ojzifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;?
ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;? ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh MumjrifhpGmtajccscJhonfh
&yf&Gmvlxkrsm; toHk;csEdkif&efESifh ¤if;wdkYtm; tjcm;olrsm;\ ydkifeuf
usL;ausmfjcif;? w&m;r0if vma&mufaexdkifjcif;ESifh toHk;csjcif;rsm;rS
vGwfNidrf;&ef/
ajr,mrl0g' 9
1.2.5/ ¤if;wdkY\ajrrsm;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rsm;ESifh tdk;tdrfrsm;xHrS
twif;t"r® z,f½Sm;jcif;cH&aom 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh rdrdae&if;t&yfudk
pGefYcGmxGufajy;ae&olrsm;\ avsmfaMu; &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK?
OD;pm;ay;NyD; jr§ifhwif&ef/
1.2.6/ a*[qdkif&m oifhawmfaumif;rGefonfh pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
tpm;tpm xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm; (ig;zrf;jcif;? trJvdkufjcif;? oD;ESH
rsm; aumufjcif;ESifh wd&dpämef xdef;ausmif;jcif;tygt0if) tm; xdef;odrf;
&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwcf ahJ oma'ocHrsm;ESihf Mumjrifph mG tajccs aexdik af eol
rsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;tm; tjynfht0 todtrSwfjyK&efESifh tm;vHk;\
vlrIa&;qdkif&mzlvHkrIESifh a*[qdkif&m zlvHkrIrsm;udk tusdK;jyKonfh taxG
axG aexdkifrI "avhrsm;tm; todtrSwfjyK&ef/
1.2.7/ a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJonfh ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh aumif;rGef
onfh a*[pdkufysdK;a&;ESifh a&xGufukefypönf; arG;jrLxkwfvkyfa&; "avh
rsm;tm; OD;pm;ay;jr§ifhwif&ef/
1.2.8/ a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifh &yf&GmvlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm; usifhoHk;aeaom
"avhx Hk; wrf; qdki f& m ajr,mvky fy dki fc Gi fhr sm; (Customary Tenure)
tygt0if vlrIa&;t&w&m;0ifonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; (Socially-
Legitimate Tenure) udk wduspGmrSwfwrf;wifNyD; rSefuefaMumif; w&m;0if
axmufcHaom tm;vHk;wwfEdkifNyD; tvG,fwul toHk;jyKEdkifonfh ajr,m
rSwfyHkwif pepfwcktm; jyXmef;&ef/
1.2.9/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhESihfywfoufonfh epfemrIrsm;ESifh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;
tm; udkifwG,fukoay;&eftwGuf oifhawmfNyD; vufvrf;rDEdkifaom
xda&mufonfhpepfwck csrSwf&ef/
1.2.10/ oufqikd Nf yD; oifah wmfonfh KNU XmeESihf at*sifpt
D m;vH;k twGuf
oufqdkif&m wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh tcef;u@rsm; csrSwf&ef/ tqdkyg
rl0g'xJwGif -u&ifpdkufysdK;a&;Xme (KAD)? u&ifopfawmXme (KFD)?
u&ifa&vkyfief;Xme (KFiD)? u&ifowåKwGif;Xme (KMD)? u&ifjynfxJ
a&;&mXme (KID) ESifh u&ifw&m;a&;Xme (KJD) wdkYyg0ifonf/
tydk'f 1.3/ oabmobm0ESifhtwdkif;twm (Nature and Scope)

1.3.1/ aumfol;ave,fajrtwGif;&Sd ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyf
ief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0 o,HZmwrsm;vkyfydkifcGifhudk rQwNyD;
w&m;0ifaom? Nidrf;csrf;pGmESifh a*[qdkif&m tkyfcsKyfjcif;tm; taxmuf
tuljyKrnfh pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk þrl0g'u csrSwfay;onf/
1.3.2/ þrl0g'onf aumfol;ave,fajrtwGif;&Sd rd½dk;zvm &yf&Gmvlxk
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tjcm; MumjrifhpGmtajccscJhonfh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;ESifh
ajr? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifh ZD0rsdK; uGJrsm;ESifhoufqdkifonfh
rd½dk;zvm aexdkifrI? toHk;csrIESifh xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrI "avhrsm;udk
todtrSwfjyKonf/
1.3.3/ þrl0g'tm; Edik if w H um vlYtcGit hf a&; tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ESihf
pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD t"dyÜg,fzGifhNyD; pDrHcefYcGJ&rnfjzpfonf/2
1.3.4/ þrl0g'onf tem*wfwGif A[dkcsKyfudkifrI avQmhcsonfh zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpt k m;onfh KNU \ OD;wnfcsuEf iS hf wajy;nDjzpfonf/
k m; vdv
2 þrl0g'onf EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; ud&d,mrsdK;pHkwdkYtm; udk;um;NyD; ¤if;wdkY

xJwGif- inter alia ? vlYtcGifhta&; aMujimpmwrf;? tjynfjynfqdkif&m pD;yGm;
a&;? vlrIa&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI tcGifhta&;qdkif&m nDvmcH? tjynfjynfqdkif&m
EdkifiHom;ESihf EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qdkif&m nDvmcHwdkY tygt0if tjcm; quf
EG,fonfh ud&d,mrsm;jzpfaom ILO nDvmcH eHygwf 169? ZD0rsdK;uGJqdkif&m
nDvmcH? Xmaewdkif;&if;om; jynfolrsm; tcGihfta&;qdkif&m ukvor*¾ aMujim
pmwrf;? the Right to Food, the Right to Water, the UN Principles on Housing
and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (the “Pinheiro
Principles”) ESifh FAO-Tenure Guidelines
ajr,mrl0g' 11
taMumif;rSm atmufwiG f azmfjyxm;aom rl0g'onf a'ocHjynforl sm;\
"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'rsm;ESifh tnD (odkYr[kwf) a'ocHjynfolrsm;\ "avh
xHk;wrf;Oya'rsm;udk vufvSrf;rDEdkifaom jynfe,fESifh NrdKUe,ftqifh
wdkYwGif taumiftxnfazmfxm;onfh ajr,mpDrHcefYcGJrItmPmwdkYtay:
vHk;0wnfaeonf/
tydk'f 1.4/t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkcsufrsm; (DefiniƟons)

1.4.1/ trsm;ydik af jrrsm; (Communal Lands) a'ocHaus;&Gmvlxk\tzGJU0if
tm;vHk;u bHktjzpfxm;&Sdum xdef;odrf;NyD; toHk;jyKaomajrudk qdkvdk
onf/ trsm;ykdifajrrsm;onf ½dk;&m ]aumf} ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh pepfrsm;\
t"dutcsufjzpfNyD; þrl0g'wGif t"dygÜ ,fziG q hf x
kd m;onfh aus;&Gmajrrsm;
\ tpdwftydkif;wckvnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ trsm;ydkifajrrsm;onf ajrwck
wnf;om yg0ifjcif;r[kwfbJ ywfoufonfh opfawmESifh a&o,HZmw
rsm;yg yg0ifonf/
1.4.2/]aumf}onf u&ifvlrsdK;wdkY\ "avhxHk;wrf;qdkif&m ajrvkyfydkifcGifh
yHkpH (Customary Tenure) yif jzpfonf/ ¤if;xJwGif yg0ifonfrSm trsm;
ydkif ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0
o,HZmwrsm;jzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkYtm; oD;jcm; &yf&Gmvlxk tzGJUtpnf;wck\
BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfrIESifh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtpDtrHatmufwGif 0ifa&muf
aexdkif toHk;jyKNyD; pDrHtkyfcsKyfonf/ aumftm; atmufygtwdkif; zGJUpnf;
xm;onf -
 ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0
o,HZmwrsm;tm; tpkvdkuf 0ifa&mufaexdkifNyD; toHk;csjcif; -
jynfoltpktzGJUydkifopfawmrsm;? pm;usufajrrsm;? aus;&Gm (vlae
xdkifaom)? trsm;ydkif O,smOfrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tcsdKU ]uk}3
awmif,mtvSnfhus pdkufysdK;a&;Zkefrsm; (yvyfajrrsm; tygt0if)
ESifh tjcm; trsdK;tpm;rsm; yg0ifonf/
 rdom;pkrsm; odkYr[kwf tdrfaxmifpkrsm; 0ifa&mufaexdkifNyD; toHk;cs
onfh ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh
obm0 o,HZmwrsm;? aetdrf0if;rsm;? aetdrfwGif;&Sd O,smOfrsm;?
]uk} awmif,mtvSnfhus pdkufysdK;a&;Zkefrsm; (yvyfajrrsm; tygt
0if)? opfoD;NcHrsm;? ajrjyefYv,fajrrsm; ESifh tjcm;trsdK;tpm;rsm;/
 ½dk;&mocsØKif;ajrrsm;uJhodkYaom bmoma&;t&m txGwftjrwfxm;
onfh e,fajrrsm;
 ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfwnfae&mrsm;
ponfwdkYudk todtrSwfjyK&rnfrSm "avhxHk;wrf;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;Oya'
rsm;onf tcsdefESifhtnD ajymif;vJwwfNyD; ouf0ifvQuf&Sdum aus;&Gm
wckrSwckESifh a'owckrSwck rwlnDrIESifh ajymif;vJrIrsm; &SdEdkifonf/
1.4.3/ aus;&Gmajrrsm; (Village Lands) - aus;&Gmajrrsm;qdkonfrSm a'ocH
aus;&Gmvlxkwck\ tzGJU0ifrsm; aexkdifNyD; toHk;jyKaomajrrsm;udk qdkvdk
onf/ ¤if;aus;&Gmajrrsm;xJwiG f a'ocHaus;&Gm vlx\ k tzGUJ 0iftm;vH;k u
bHktjzpfowfrSwfum xdef;odrf;NyD; toHk;jyKaom trsm;ydkifajrrsm;tjyif
pdu
k yf sdK;a&; odYk r[kwf aexdik &f eftwGut
f oH;k jyKaom tdraf xmifp^k rdom;pk
ydkifajrvnf; yg0ifonf/ aus;&Gmajrrsm;tm; tcef; 3.5 wGif tao;pdwf
azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwDrsm;u pDrHtkyfcsKyf
onf/
1.4.4/ ]uk} - u&ifawmif,m tvSnfhuspdkufysdK;a&;\ ½dk;&mpepf (Karen
upland Rotational Farming) jzpfonf/ þpepfonf a*[aA't&
3 tydk'f 1.4.4 wGif Munfh/

ajr,mrl0g' 13
a&&SnfwnfwHhEdkifNyD; opfawmrsm; jyefvnf&Sifoefvm&eftwGuf a&&Snf
yvyfumvrsm;ESifhtwl a&wdkoD;ESHrsm; pdkufysdK;jcif;tay: tajccHonf/
]uk} usifhoHk;rI "avhrsm;onf u&if,Ofaus;rI? vlrIa&;"avhxHk;wrf;
tpOftvm? bmoma&;qdkif&m usifhoHk;rIrsm;ESifh ]aumf} ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
pepfwdkYwGif pGJNrJpGm tjrpfwG,faeonf/ tpOftvmt& aus;&GmtzGJU0if
rsm;onf ae&mwckcsif;pDwGif rnfolu pdkufysdK;aeonfudk od&SdMuNyD;
ajray:wGif xkwfvkyfrIrsm;jyKvkyfaeaom pdkufysdK;olrsm;\ tcGifhta&;
rsm;tm;vnf; av;pm;Muonf/ yvyfajrrsm;onf ajrqDvmT tm;jznf&h ef
t"duusonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]uk}pepftm; usifhoHk;aeaom &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;
twGuf yvyfajrrsm; vHkNcHKpdwfcspGm xm;&SdydkifcGifhonf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyf
onf/
1.4.5/ w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh (Informal Tenure) - ajrwGif
0ifa&muf aexdik of rl sm;ESihf toH;k csorl sm;\ ajr,mtoH;k csr"I avhrsm;tm;
KNU tmPmydkifrsm; ESifh(odkYr[kwf) "avhxHk;wrf;t& tmPmydkifrsm;u
¤if;wdkY\ ajrtoHk;csrIvkyfxHk;rsm;tm; todtrSwf rjyKao;aom tajc
taersdK;udk qdkvdkNyD; ¤if;wdkYxJwGif ppfab;a&Smifrsm; (IDP) rsm;ESifh 'ku©
onfrsm;uJhodkYaom txl;ojzifh ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;? ckcHEdkifpGrf; r&Sd
olrsm; (Marginalized and Vulnerable People) ESifh vlxk todkif;t0dkif;rsm;
yg0ifonf/
1.4.6/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\pDrHcefYcGJrI atmuf&Sd trsm;jynfol tusdK;pD;yGm;
twGuf &nf&, G f xm;aomajr (KNU Authorities-Managed Public Purpose
Land - KMPPL) tqdkygajronf trsm;jynfoltusdK; (odkYr[kwf) a*[
pepfqdkif&m 0efaqmifrItwGuf &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm aMujimxm;aom
KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u pDrHcefYcGJonfh obm0½Icif; e,fajrrsm;udkqdkvdk
onf/ ¤if;tm; yGivhf if;jrifomNyD; wm0ef,rl &I o
dS nfh qH;k jzwfcsucf srw
S jf cif;
vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzifh ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfay;onf/ aumfol;ava'owGif
KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\ pDrHcefYcGJrIatmuf&Sd trsm;jynfoltusdK;pD;yGm;
twGuf &nf&G,fxm;aom ajr (KMPPL) trsdK;tpm; (3) rsdK;&Sdonf/
¤if;wdkYrSm - tcgtm;avsmfpGm ay:aygufonfhajr,m (Periodic Land)?
xdef;odrf;uefYowfxm;onfhajr (Reserved Land) ESifh trsm;jynfolydkif
onhfajr,m (Public Land) wdkYjzpfonf/
 tcgtm;avsmfpGm ay:aygufonfhajr,m (Periodic Land) - ,ck (odkYr
[kwf) aemufwGif KAD u ajr,maumfrwDESifh "avhxHk;wrf;qdkif&m
tmPmydik rf sm;\ BudKwifí vGwvf yfpmG ay;aom oabmwlciG jhf yKcsuf
(FPIC) ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufum csrSwfay;onfhajr jzpfonf/
¤if;wdkYonf a&pD;qif;rI (odkYr[kwf) rdk;a&wdkY tay:rlwnfNyD; a&
vrf;aMumif;wavQmufwGif tcsdefumvtm;avsmfpGm ay:ayguf
wwfaom ajr,mjzpfonf/
 xdef;odrf;uefYowfxm;onfh ajr,m (Reserved Land) - ,ck (odkYr
[kwf) aemufwGif u&ifopfawmXme (KFD) u oD;jcm;owfrSwfay;
xm;aom ajr,mrsm;jzpfNyD; ¤if;wkdYxJwGif ]opfawmBudK;0dkif;}?
(Reserved Forest)? ]xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;r&Sdonfh opfawmrsm;}
(Unreserved Forest)? ]awm½dkif;wd&dpämef ab;rJhawmrsm;} (Wildlife
Protected Areas)? ]trsdK;om; yef;NcHae&mrsm;} (National Park Areas)
ESihf xku
d o
hJ Ykd xde;f odr;f xm;aom ajrrsm;ESit
hf wl&o
dS nfh Mum;cHe,fajr
rsm; (Buffer Zones) yg0ifonf/
 trsm;jynfoyl ikd o
f nhf ajr,m (Public Land) - ,ck (odkYr[kwf) aemuf
wGif KAD onf trsm;jynfo\ l tajccHtaqmufttHt k wGuf toH;k
cs&ef[k owfrSwfxm;aom ajr,mrsm;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg tajccH
taqmufttHkwGif vrf;rsm;? wHwm;rsm;? KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\
taqmuftOD;rsm;? ausmif;rsm;? aq;½Hkrsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfonfh tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0kdif;qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\½Hk;rsm;ESifh
tjcm; trsm;jynfoloHk;pGJ&ef[k trsm;uowfrSwfxm;aom tajccH
taqmufttHkrsm; yg0ifonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 15
1.4.7/ A[dak jr,maumfrwD - tpd;k &qdik &f mESihf t&yfbufvYltzGUJ tpnf;^&yf
&GmvlxktajcjyK tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yg0ifonfh KNU aumfrwDwckjzpfNyD;
tqdkygaumfrwDtm; þrl0g'\ ydk'fcGJ (3.4) wGifazmfjyxm;onfh KNU
ajr,mrl0g'ESifh ¤if;\ taumiftxnfazmfjcif; wdkYESifhywfoufonfh
udpötm;vHk;wdkYtm; pDrHcefYcGJ&ef KAD atmufwGif a&&SnfvkyfydkifcGihfESifh
twl xlaxmifxm;&rnf jzpfonf/
1.4.8/ aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwD - ½d;k &m ]aumf}ajr,m tkycf sKyfrzI UJG pnf;yHrk sm;
r&Sdonfh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;xJwGif oifhawmfaom ta&twGufjzifh a&G;cs,f
xm;onfh a'ocH acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh &yf&GmvlxktzGJU0ifrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;
xm;onfh a'ocH aus;&Gmajr aumfrwDwckudk þrl0g'\ tydk'f (3.5)
t& xlaxmif&rnf/ ¤if;aumfrwDonf þrl0g'wGif t"dygÜ ,fziG x hf m;aom
aus;&Gmajrrsm;tm; þrl0g'\ tydk'f (3.5) t& tkyfcsKyf&efwm0ef&SdNyD;
xdktxJwGif ajr,mrSwfyHkwifjcif;? pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;tm; jyXmef;jcif;ESifh
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm; ajz&Sif;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/
1.4.9/ "avhxHk;wrf;t&tmPmydkifrsm; (Customary Authorities) - ]aumf}
pepfwGif ]aumf} ESifhywfoufNyD; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csaom aus;&Gmacgif;
aqmifrsm;&Sdonf/ "avhxHk;wrf;t& tmPmydkifrsm;\ qHk;jzwfcsuf
csrSwfjcif; taetxm;onf a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxk\ vlrIa&;? ,Ofaus;rI?
bmoma&;t,ltqrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS qif;oufvmonf/
1.4.10/ pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm; (Cultivation Rules) - onf A[dk
ajr,maumfrwDESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifí KAD u csrSwfxm;onfh
pdkufysdK;a&;tm; pDrHtkyfcsKyfonfh pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk qdkvdkNyD; ¤if;wdkYxJ
wGif yg0ifonfrSm (1) ajr,mtm; aps;upm;rI oufouftwGuf toHk;
jyK&rnf r[kwfbJ a'owGif; tpm;tpmxkwfvkyfa&;pepfrsm;\ BuHUcdkif
rItm; taxmuftuljyK&ef toH;k cs&rnfqakd om vdt k yfcsuf? (2) txuf
ydkif; a&toHk;csrIrsm;onf atmufydkif; a&toHk;jyKaeolrsm;tay: oGm;
a&mufNyD; xdcdkufrIr&Sdap& qdkaom vdktyfcsuf? (3) KAD xHrS BudKwif
cGifhjyKcsuftm; &Sif;vif;pGmr&&SdrD obm0 ajrMoZmtpm; "mwkaA'jzifh
jyKvkyfxm;aom ydk;owfaq;rsm;? aygif;owfaq;rsm;ESifh "mwfajrMoZm
rsm;tm; toHk;jyKjcif;udk wm;jrpf&efqdkonfh vdktyfcsufwdkY yg0if
onf/
1.4.11/ tarGqufcHjcif;qdkif&mpnf;rsOf;rsm; (Inheritance Rules) - onf
toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tarGqufcHjcif;udk tkyfcsKyfonfh pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh
Oya'rsm;udk qdkvdkNyD; ¤if;wdkYxJwGif yg0ifonfrSm - (1) A[dkajr,m
aumfrwDESifh n§dEdIif;wkdifyifNyD; "avhxHk;wrf;t& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf
aus;&GmajraumfrwD\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh tarGqufcHjcif;jzifh
vTJajymif;ay;jcif;tm; KAD u cGifhjyKxm;NyD;jzpfaMumif; vdktyfcsuf? ¤if;
tjyif tarGqufcHaMumif; a&;om;xm;onfh oufaorsm;tm; KAD
xHodkY ay;ydkYí rSwfyHkwifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ (2) t&nftcsif;rjynfhrDol
(odkYr[kwf) ajr,mtm; aiGaxmufyHhrIwcktwGuf taygiftjzpf oHk;vdkol
xHodkY ajrtm; tarG&xm;olu tarGvTJajymif;jcif;udk wm;jrpfxm;onfh
uefUowfcsuf? (3) ajr,mtarG qufcHxm;olonf pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m
Oya'ESifh þrl0g'wGif yg0ifaom tjcm;pnf;rsOf;rsm;tm; em;vnfNyD;
¤if;wdkYESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnfqdkonfh vdktyfcsufrsm;yif jzpfonf/
tarGqufco H nfh pnf;rsOf;rsm;tm; usifo h ;kH &mwGif KAD onf vdicf jJG cm;rI
r&Sdaponfh enf;vrf;jzifh trsdK;orD;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tumt
uG,fay;NyD; 0ifa&mufaexdkif toHk;csolrsm;tm; toHk;jyKcGifhay;&rnf/
txl;ojzifh ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;? ckcHEdkifpGrf; r&Sdolrsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;
t0dkif;rsm;? Oyrmtm;jzifh- IDP rsm;ESifh 'ku©onfrsm;jzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkY\
ajr,mtoHk;csrI "avhrsm;tm; KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvm tmPm
ydkifrsm;u todtrSwfjyKjcif; r&Sdao;yg/
1.4.12/ toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm; vTJajymif;jcif; ESifhywfoufonfh pnf;rsOf;rsm; (Use
Rights Transfer Rules) - onf ajrtoHk;csydkifcGifhrsm; vTJajymif;jcif;udk
pDrHtkyfcsKyfonfh pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESihf Oya'rsm;tm; &nfñTef;um ¤if;wdkYxJ
ajr,mrl0g' 17
wGif yg0ifonfrSm (1) tcgtm;avsmfpGm ay:aygufonfhajr,m (Periodic
Land) rS ajrryg&? (2) toHk;csoltopfonf pdkufysdK;a&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh
þrl0g'wGif csrSwx f m;aom tjcm;pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf
qdo
k nfukd em;vnfoabmwl&ef vdt k yfcsu?f (3) ajr,mtoH;k csyikd cf iG t
hf m;
vTaJ jymif;onft h cgwGif ESpOf ;D ESpb
f ufpvH;k u oabmwlncD suf vufrw S f
a&;xdk;um rSwfyHkwifxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh n§dEdIif;wdkif
yifí rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwDxHrS
BudKwifoabmwlnDcsufjzifh ¤if;vTJajymif;onfh oabmwlnDcsufudk
KAD tm; wifjyNyD; cGifhjyKcsuf&,l&rnfqdkaom vdktyfcsuf? (4) ajr,m
tm; pmjzifha&;om;xm;jcif;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; (odkYr[kwf) ajryHkESifh
&nfñTef;xm;jcif;jzifh aomfvnf;aumif; azmfjyay;&rnfqdkaom vkdtyf
csuf? (5) rlvajrtoHk;jyKolu oabmxm;trSefjzifh csKyfqdk&mwGif yxr
qHk;taeESifh &GmxJrS t&nftcsif;jynfhrDonfh aqGrsdK;wOD;wa,mufxHodkY
vTJajymif;ay;jcif;? 'kwd,taeESifh &GmxJrS t&nftcsif; jynfhrDonfh
aqGrsdK;r[kwfolwOD;wa,mufxHodkY vTJajymif;ay;jcif;? wwd,taeESifh
t&nftcsif;jynfhrDvQif vuf&Sdv,f,mxJwGif vkyfudkifaeaom tvkyf
orm; wOD;wa,muftm; vTJajymif;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif rnfonfhajr
toHk;csydkifcGifhtm; rvTJajymif;rD KAD u tqHk;tjzwf ay;&rnf jzpf
onf/
1.4.13/ BuKd wifí vGwvf yfpmG ay;aom oabmwlciG jhf yKcsuf (Free, Prior and
Informed Consent - FPIC) - onf a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxkrsm; ¤if;wdkY\
ajr,mrsm;? e,fajrrsm; odkYr[kwf obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; tusdK;
oufa&mufrnfhudprö sm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; cs&mwGif yg0if
aqmif&GufcGifhudk qdkvdkonf/ FPIC tcGifhta&;tm; Xmaewdkif;&if;om;
jynfolrsm; tcGifhta&;qdkif&m ukvor*¾ aMujimpmwrf; (UNDRIP)
wGif azmfjyxm;NyD; tjcm;EdkifiHwumOya'wGifvnf; xnfhoGif;a&;om;
xm;onf/ vufawGUtm;jzifh ¤if;\t"dygÜ ,frmS pDru H ed ;f rsm;\'Pfc&H aom
&yf&mG vlxrk sm;onf pDruH ed ;f rsm;tm; cGijhf yKjcif; odYk r[kwf jiif;y,fjcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfonfhtcgwGif twif;t"r®cdkif;apjcif;? Ncdrf;ajcmufrI? jc,fvS,f
cH&rI odYkr[kwf tMuyfuikd cf &H rIwYkdrS uif;vGwNf yD; pDru
H ed ;f taumiftxnf
razmfrD qufEG,fonfhtcsuftvuftm;vHk;udkvnf; od&Sdxm;NyD; jzpf&
rnf/ &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;tm; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ay;&mwGif oD;jcm;
avhvmoH;k oyfrjI zifh oifah wmfonfh bmompum;ESihf oifah wmfonfyh pkH jH zifh
ay;&rnf jzpfNyD; Oya'ESifhenf;ynmqdkif&m tBuHjyKrI rsm;tm;vnf;
awmif;qdkvQif yHhydk;ay;&rnf jzpfonf/ FPIC onf &yf&Gmvlxktay:
tusdK;oufa&mufonfh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; ¤if;wkdY\ aqG;
aEG;n§dEdIif;cGifhudk tumtuG,fay;um ½dk;&mtpOftvmt& qHk;jzwfcsuf
csjcif; vkyfief;pOftwGufvnf; cGifhjyKay;xm;onf/
1.4.14/ Pinheiro Principles - onf 'kuo © nfrsm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f wdr;f a&Smif
'ku©onf (IDPs) rsm;twGuf ukvor*¾qdkif&mrlrsm;udk qdkvdkNyD; ¤if;
onf 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh jynfwGif;wdrf;a&Smif'ku©onf (IDPs) rsm;tm;
¤if;wdkY rlvz,f&Sm;cH&onfh tdrfrsm;ESifhydkifqdkifrIrsm;xHodkY jyefvmNyD;
aexdkifcGifhtm; jr§ifhwifay;jcif;udk vrf;nTefay;jcif; jzpfonf/ tqdkygrl
rsm;onf 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh jynfwGif;wdrf;a&Smif'ku©onf (IDPs) rsm;\
avsmfaMu;&ydkifcGifhwdkYtm; azmfjyxm;NyD; xkdtxJwGif vdifESifh ywfoufNyD;
rQwrI? cGJjcm;qufqHrIuif;vGwfjcif;? vGwfvyfpGmoGm;vmEkdifcGifh? EdkifiH
wumOya' ESifh o[Zmw&SdrI tp&SdonfwdkY yg0ifonf/ txl;ojzifh
aumfol;avtajctaeESifh qufEG,fonfhtcsufrsm;rSm -
 jyefvnfavsmfaMu;ay;jcif; rjzpfEdkifygu rQwonfh tpm;xdk;avsmf
aMu; &ydkifcGihf/
 vHkNcHKpGmESifh*kPfodu©m&SdpGmjzifh rdrdoabmjzifhrdrd jyefvmcGifh - qdkvdk
onfrSm 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh jynfwGif;wdrf;a&Smif'ku©onf (IDPs) rsm;
tm; OD;wnfcsuf&Sd&Sd aemufqHk;ay: owif;tcsuftvufrsm; jznfh
qnf;ay;NyD; twif;t"r®oabm odkYr[kwf Ncdrf;ajcmufrIwdkY rygbJ
tdrfodkYjyefvm&ef udk,fydkifqHk;jzwfcsufcsydkifcGihf&Sd&rnf jzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 19
 'kwd,vma&mufaexdkifolrsm;tm; rlvaexdkifolrsm; jyefa&mufvm
í z,f&Sm;jcif;cH&ygu rQwonfh avsmfaMu;ESifh vHkavmufonfhtdrf?
ajrESifhydkifqdkifrIwdkY&&SdcGifh wdkYjzpfonf/
1.4.15/ vlraI &;t& w&m;0ifrI (Socially-legitimate) - qdv
k o
kd nfrmS w&m;
Oya'u w&m;0iftodtrSwf rjyKaomfvnf; a'owGif;pHEIef;rsm;ESifh
wefzdk;rsm;t& us,fjyefYpGm todtrSwfjyKcH&aom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk &nfnTef;ygonf/
tcef; 2/ taxGaxG rl0g'qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;
(General Policy MaƩers)
tydk'f 2.1/ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles)
2.1.1/ atmufazmfjyyg tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;onf ajr,m? opfawm
rsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;wGif
0ifa&mufaexdkifjcif;ESifh toHk;jyKjcif;ESihf ywfoufonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
tm; aumif;rGefpGm tkyfcsKyfrIay;Edkif&ef r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaomaMumifh
vdkufem&rnfjzpfonf/
2.1.2/ w&m;0ifrSwfwrf;wifxm;onfjzpfap? rwifxm;onfjzpfap
vlraI &;t& todtrSwjf yKxm;onfh ajr,mvkyyf ikd cf iG hf udik af qmiforl sm;ESihf
¤if;wdYk \ &ydik cf iG rhf sm;tm; todtrSwjf yK&efEiS hf av;pm;&ef? tjcm;olrsm;\
vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; xdyg;jcif;udk a&Smif
MuOf&efESifh ajr&mvkyfydkifcGifhESifh ywfoufonfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm;
aqmif&Guf&ef/
2.1.3/ trsdK;orD;rsm;onf v,form;rsm;taeESifhjzpfap aus;vuf
tvkyform;taeESifh jzpfap? opfawmtwGif;aexdkifolrsm; (odkYr[kwf)
wd&pd mä efxed ;f ausmif;om;rsm; (odYk r[kw)f trsdK;orD;rsm;taeESiyhf ifjzpfap
ajr,mtm; xda&mufpGmvufvSrf;rDEdkif&ef ¤if;wdkY\ uGJjym;aom
awmif;qdkydkifcGifhudk todtrSwfjyK&rnfjzpfonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;onf
v,form;rsm;? ,m,Dv,form;rsm;? wd&dpämefxdef;ausmif;olrsm;ESifh
xif;aumufolrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh aus;vufrS qif;&JEGrf;yg;aom trsdK;
ajr,mrl0g' 21
orD;rsm;onf ajro,HZmwrsm;ESifhqufpyfrIrsm;&SdaeNyD; tdrfaxmifpk
twGif; trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh rSDcdkrIr&SdaomaMumifh ajroHk;ydkifcGifhrsm;tm;
¤if;wdkY udk,fwdkif oD;jcm;ydkifqdkifonfhtcGifhta&; &Sdonf/
2.1.4/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh twdwfrS ]rjrifomonfh} vlrIa&; rw&m;rIrsm;
tm; jrifomap&ef ESifh xda&mufpGm ukoEdkif&ef ordkif;tm; tajccH&rnf
jzpfonf/ ajray:&Sd ab;'ku© usa&mufvG,fonfh vlrItzGJUtpnf; tkyfpk
rsm;tay: usL;vGefxm;onfh vlrIa&; rw&m;rIrsm;tm; azmfxkwfa&;ESifh
jyefvnfwnfhrwfay;a&;onf ta&;BuD;onfh tcGifhta&;w&yfyifjzpf
onf/ ,ck ajr,mrl0g'onf a&&SnfwGif atmifjrif&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
taMumif;rSm twdwfwGifjzpfcJhonfh y#dyu©rsm;tm; rajz&Sif;bJ xm;
cJhygu a&&SnfwGif atmifjrifrItm; [efYwm;aernfjzpfonf/
2.1.5/ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESifh pnf;urf;csdK;azmufrIrsm;rS vlrIa&;t&
w&m;0ifaom ajrvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; umuG,fay;&ef/ EdkifiHwum
vlYtcGit
hf a&; Oya'ESifh ruduk n f aD om twif;t"r® z,f&mS ;jcif;tygt0if
pdwfxifwkdif;pdkif;jcif;aMumifh aexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifh qHk;½IH;rIrsm;rS
umuG,fay;&ef/
2.1.6/ vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; (Socially-
legitimate Tenure Rights) cHpm;Edkifjcif;udk jr§ifhwifNyD; axmufyHhay;&ef/
jynfolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tjynfht0&&Sd
cHpm;Edkif&ef tvdkYiSm jr§ifhwifay;&efESifh aocsmpGmaqmif&Gufap&ef
wufwuf<u<u udkifwG,f&efESifh t"dyÜg,f&Sdonfh trsm;jynfol &if;ESD;
jr§KyfESHrIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef jzpfonf/
2.1.7/ vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; csdK;azmuf
jcif;rsm;udk udkifwG,f&eftvdkYiSm w&m;rQwrIudk vufvSrf;rD&eftwGuf
jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihfywfoufNyD; jzpfyGm;onfh
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;tm; ajz&Si;f ay;&eftwGuf w&m;a&;qdik &f m tmPmydik rf sm;
(odkYr[kwf) "avhxHk;wrf;qdkif&m enf;vrf;rsm;rSwqifh xda&mufNyD;
vlwdkif; vufvSrf;rDEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;tm; jznfhqnf;ay;&ef? vuf
vSrf;rDNyD; rqdkif;rwGaom tmPmwnfaponfh &v'frsm;tm; jznfhqnf;
ay;&ef/
2.1.8/ vlraI &;t& w&m;0ifaom jynfov
l x
l t
k wGuf &nf&, G cf surf sm;jzifh
aqmif&Gufaom udprö sm;twGuf ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; odrf;,lcJhvQif
rSefuefonfh avsmfaMu;rsm;ay;&rnf/
2.1.9/ ajr,m vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf ywfoufonfh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;? tMurf;zufrI
rsm;yg0ifonfh y#dyu©rsm;ESifh t*wdvdkufpm;rIrsm;tm; umuG,f&ef? ajr
,m vkyfydkifcGifhESifhywfoufaom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rS jzpfay:vmonfh
tMurf;zuf y#dyu©rsm;tm; wm;qD;&eftwGuf wuf<upGmudkifwG,f&ef?
t*wdvdkufpm;rIyHkpHtm;vHk;? tqifhtm;vHk;ESifh tajctaetm;vHk;wdkY
tm; BudK;yrf;wm;qD;&rnfjzpfonf/
2.1.10/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;u vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vlrIa&;t&
w&m;0ifaom ajr,m vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; av;pm;vmjcif;udk tmrcHEdkif
&ef? pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;onf vlYtcGit hf a&; csdK;azmufrrI sm; (odYk r[kw)f
vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm;tajcysuf&ef
jyKvkyfjcif;wdkYwGif yg0ifrIr&Sdapjcif;udk tmrcHEdkif&ef? KNU tmPmydkifrsm;
ydkifonfh (odkYr[kwf) KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u xdef;csKyfxm;onfh (odkYr
[kwf) KNU tmPmydkifrsm;atmuf&Sd at*sifpDrsm;xHrS odomonfh
axmufyHhrIESihf 0efaqmifrI&&Sdonfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;onf txuf
azmfjyyg csdK;azmufrIrsm;tm; jyKvkyfjcif;rSumuG,f&eftwGuf tqifh
wdk;jr§ifhNyD; aqmif&Guf&efESifh vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;tay:ESifh vlrIa&;t&
w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tay: pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh
usa&mufonfh raumif;aomtusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;tm; xda&mufonfh
w&m;a&;qdkif&mukorIay;Edkif&efwdkY jzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 23
tydk'f 2.2/ taumiftxnfazmfaqmifjcif;qdkif&m tajccHrlrsm;
(Principles of ImplementaƟon)
2.2.1/ atmufazmfjyyg taumiftxnfazmfaqmifjcif;qdkif&m tajccHrl
rsm;onf ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh
obm0 o,HZmwrsm;\ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtm; aumif;rGefpGm tkyfcsKyfrI
ay;Edkif&ef r&SdrjzpfvdktyfaomaMumifh vdkufem&rnf jzpfonf/
2.2.2/ vlY*kPfodu©m (Human Dignity) - yifudk,f&Sd&if;pGJ *kPfodu©mESifh
wef;wlnDrQrI&SdNyD; vTJajymif;í r&Edkifonfh vlom;wOD;csif;pD\vlYtcGifh
ta&;rsm;tm; todtrSwfjyKjcif;/
2.2.3/ cGJjcm;qufqHrI uif;vGwfjcif; (Non-discrimination) - Oya'ESifh
rl0g'rsm;atmufwGif omrubJ vufawGUrSmyif rnfolYudkrS cGJjcm;NyD;
qufqHjcif; rjyKvkyf&yg/
2.2.4/ nDrQrIESifh w&m;rQwrI (Equity and Justice) - vlom;wdkif;\
nDrQrIudk todtrSwfjyKEdkif&eftwGuf vlom;wdkif;\ rwlnDrIudk tod
trSwfjyK&rnf/ tm;vHk;twGuf txl;ojzifh trsdK;orD;rsm;? uav;
oli,frsm;? qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;? ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh ab;z,fcH
xm;&olrsm;tm; aZmif;ay;vQuf pGrf;tm;jrifhwifjcif;tygt0if ajr,m?
opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmw
rsm;tm;vH;k tm; xde;f csKyfEikd &f efEiS hf wef;wlnrD &I adS om ajr,mvkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf
vlrIa&;qdkif&m w&m;rQwrIudk jrifhwif&eftvdkYiSm? tjyKoabm aqmif
onfh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&rnf/
2.2.5/ usm;ra&;&m omwlnrD QrI (Gender Equality) - trsdK;orD;ESifh trsdK;
om;rsm; rwlnDrIrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKNyD; vdktyfvQif rQwrIrsm;tm;
jr§ifhwifay;onfh wdusaom aqmif&GufrIrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh trsdK;o
rD;rsm;ESifh trsdK;om;rsm; vlYtcGifhta&;tm;vHk;udk cHpm;Edkifa&;udk tmrcH
&ef jzpfonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;i,frsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ vlrI
a&;ESifh tdrfaxmifa&;tajctae rnfodkYyif&Sdapumrl ajr,m? opfawm
rsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm; ESifh
ywfoufonfh rQwaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh &,lEdkifjcif;udk KNU
tmPmydkifrsm;u tmrcH&rnfjzpfonf/
2.2.6/ tvHk;pHkESifh a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJaponfh csOf;uyfyHk (Holistic and
Sustainable Approach) - ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
qufpyfonfh obm0 o,HZmwrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYtm; toHk;csrIrsm;onf
tjyeftvSef qufpyfvQuf&Sdjcif;udk todtrSwfjyKjcif;? ¤if;wdkYtm; pDrH
cefYcGJ&eftwGuf yl;aygif;NyD; wnfwhHcdkifNrJrnfh csOf;uyfyHkudk oabmwl
vufcHjcif; jzpfonf/
2.2.7/ n§dEdIif;wdkifyifrIESifh yg0ifrI (Consultation and Participation) -
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;tm; taumiftxnfrazmfrD tcsdefuyif vlrIa&;t&
w&m;0ifajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh &Sdxm;onfh qHk;jzwfcsuftusdK;udk cHpm;&aom
olrsm;tm; xdawGUNyD; ulnDyHhydk;rIudk &SmMuHjcif;? ¤if;wdkY\yHhydk;rIrsm;tm;
wkYHjyefjcif;? tkyfpkrsm;tMum; wnf&Sdaeonfh tiftm;rnDrQrItm;
xnfo h iG ;f pOf;pm;um wOD;csif; aomfvnf;aumif;? tpktzGUJ ESiahf omfvnf;
aumif; qHk;jzwfcsufcsonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif wuf<urI? vGwfvyfrI?
xda&mufrI ponfh t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom yl;aygif;yg0ifrIjzpfap&ef aocsmpGm
aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf/
2.2.8/ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&; (Rule of Law) - EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&;
Oya'ESifh pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;t& ¤if;wdkY\ wnf&SdqJwm0ef0wå&m;ESifh
udkufnDNyD; tm;vHk;ESifhtusHK;0ifonfh oufqdkif&m bmompum;jzifh
vlod&SifMum; xkwfjyefxm;um wef;wljyXmef;xm;aom vGwfvyfpGm
pD&ifqHk;jzwfEdkifonfh Oya'rsm;rSwqifh pnf;rsOf;rsm;tm; tajccHonfh
csOf;uyfyHkudk usihfoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 25
3.2.9/ yGifhvif;jrifomrI&Sdjcif; (Transparency) - rl0g'rsm;? Oya'rsm;ESifh
vkyif ef;pOfrsm;tm; oufqikd &f m bmompum;udk toH;k jyKum &Si;f vif;pGm
t"dyÜg,fzGihfNyD; trsm;odatmif jyKvkyfxm;jcif;? qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkvnf;
oufqdkif&m bmompum;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? tm;vHk;toHk;jyKEdkifonfh
yHkpHrsm;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; us,fjyefYpGm trsm;odatmif jyKvkyfjcif;
jzpfonf/
3.2.10/ wm0ef,rl I (Accountability) - woD;yk*v ¾ rsm;? trsm;ydik af t*sipf rD sm;
ESihf tpd;k &r[kwo
f nfh yg0ifaqmif&u G o
f rl sm;tm; ¤if;wdYk \ vky&f yfrsm;ESihf
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd EdkifiHwum vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;
qdkif&m tajccHrlrsm;ESifhtnD wm0ef,lap&ef vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/
3.2.11/ pOfqufrjywf wdk;wufrI (Continuous Improvement) - oufao
taxmuftxm; tajccHonfh pDrHcsufrsm; azmfxkwf&efESifh þrl0g'\
tm;vkH;ESifhjcHKiHkaom arQmfrSef;csuf? &nf&G,fcsufESifh tajccHrlrsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfh pOfqufrjywfwdk;wufrIrsm;udk cdkifrmap&eftvdkYiSm KNU
tmPmydkifrsm;u ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh pDrHtkyfcsKyfjcif;tay: apmihfMunfh
avhvmNyD; tuJjzwfEdkif&eftwGuf ,EÅ&m;rsm;tm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvm
atmif aqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfonf/
tydk'f 2.3/ vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;

(Rights and ResponsibiliƟes)
2.3.1/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhESifhywfoufonfh ¤if;
\ vkyfaqmifcsuf tm;vHk;ESifh tkyfcsKyfrIwdkYonf EdkifiHwum vlYtcGifht
a&; Oya'ESifh udkufnDrI&Sdap&ef aocsmpGm vkyfaqmif&rnf/
2.3.2/ rnfonfhajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrS t<uif;rJhjynfhpHkjcif; r&Sdonfudk
yg0ifoltm;vHk;u todtrSwfjyK&rnfjzpfonf/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
tm;vHk;onf vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;? tjcm;olrsm;\ aexdkifrIESifh toHk;cs
ydkifcGifhrsm;u uefYowfxm;onfhtjyif trsm;jynfol tusdK;tvdkYiSm
KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;uvnf; uefYowfxm;onf/
tqdkyg aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tm; EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&m uwd
u0wfrsm;ESifhtnD trsm;aumif;pm;a&;udk jr§ihfwiftm;ay;jcif;twGuf
'Drdkua&pDenf;vrf;t& Oya'jzifh qHk;jzwf&rnfjzpfonf/ ajr,m? opf
awmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm;
a&&Snf tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh wnfwHhcdkifNrJaponfhenf;jzifh toHk;cs
jcif;wkdY tygt0if ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh
xdef;n§dxm;onf/
2.3.3/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf rd½dk;zvm 0ifa&mufaexdkifjcif;? toHk;cs
jcif;ESifh qufpyfonfh vuf&Sda&;om;xkwfjyefxm;aomOya'\ tum
tuG,af tmufwiG rf &Sad om "avhrsm;tygt0if vlraI &;t& w&m;0ifaom
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;twGuf w&m;0if todtrSwfjyKjcif;udk jyKvkyfay;&
rnf jzpfonf/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;onf vlo&d iS Mf um; xkwjf yefxm;onfh
pnf;rsOf;rsm;rSwqifh w&m;0ifonf[k rSwf,lxm;aom &ydkifcGifh trsdK;
tpm;rsm;udk t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk&rnf/ xdkodkY t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk&mwGif vlrIa&;
t& w&m;0if 0ifa&mufaexdik rf ?I toH;k csrIEiS hf qufpyfonf"h avhrsm;tm;
tom;ay;&rnf/ xdkYtjyif rdrdwdkY\qE´rygbJ rdrdwdkYae&yfrsm;rS pGefYcGm
oGm;&jcif;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm;
,cif jzpfyGm;cJhaom y#dyu©rsm;aMumifh qHk;½HI;cJholrsm;tygt0if pdwfxif
wdkif;pdkif;NyD; a½TUajymif;apjcif;? twif;t"r® a½TUajymif;cdkif;jcif;? taESmuf
t,Sufay;jcif;ESihf tjcm;Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;xHrS wef;wlnDrQonfh w&m;
a&;&mumuG,frIudk tmrcHay;aom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh vHkNcHKrIudk pDrHay;
&rnf/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkY\ w&m;0if ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;udk tjcm;aom
tzsuftqD;ESifh taESmuft,Sufrsm; rjzpfay:vmapbJ tjynfht0
od&Sdxm;um jyefvnfay;tyfa&;udk aocsmatmifaqmif&Guf&rnf
jzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 27
2.3.4/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf tdrfaxmifa&;tajctae ajymif;vJ
onfhudprö sm;? w&m;Oya't& pGrf;aqmifEdkifrI r&Sdjcif;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;o,H
Zmwrsm;tm; vufvSrf;rrDjcif;wdkY tygt0if ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfh cGJjcm;qufqHrIyHkpHtm;vHk;udk z,f½Sm;NyD; wm;jrpf&rnf
jzpfonf/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;onf trsKd ;orD;rsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;rsm;twGuf
tarGqufcHjcif;ESifh aowrf;pma&;NyD; vTJajymif;ay;Edkifjcif;wdkY tygt0if
wef;wlnDrQonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhudk aocsmatmif aqmif&Gufay;&
rnf/
2.3.5/ jynfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif &yfwnf&eftvdkYiSm rdrdwdkYudk,f
wdkif vkyfaqmifrIjzifh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;&,l&ef r&Edkifonfhtcg?
taumiftxnfazmfonfh at*sifpDrsm;ESifh w&m;a&;qdkif&m tmPmydkif
rsm;\ 0efaqmifrIrsm;udkvufvSrf;rrDonfhtcg (odkYr[kwf) ¤if;wdkY\
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;udk tusdK;oufa&mufEdkifonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif
yg0ifciG hf r&So h cgrsKd ;rsm;wGif KNU tmPmydik rf sm;u cGjJ cm;qufqrH EI iS hf
d nft
vdifcGJjcm;rIrsm; r&Sdaom taxmuftulrsdK;tm; yHhydk;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/
2.3.6/ vlYtcGifhta&;tm;vHk;onf urÇmw0Srf;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifNyD; cGJjcm;í
r&um wckESifhwck tquftpyf&SdaomaMumifh ajr,m? opfawmrsm;?
a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; pDrH
tkyfcsKyfonfhtcgwGif 0ifa&mufaexdkifrIESifh o,HZmwrsm; toHk;csrI
wdkYESifh wdkuf½dkufqufEG,fonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;udkom xnfhpOf;pm;&rnf
r[kwfbJ ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh EdkifiHom;? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;ESifh
,Ofaus;rI &ydkifcGifhrsm;udkyg xnfhwGuf&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkY
vkyfaqmifonfhtcgwGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf v,form;rsm;? wdkif;
&if;om;jynfolrsm;? a&vkyfom;rsm;? wd&dpämef xdef;ausmif;olrsm;?
aus;vufaetvkyform;rsm;? aus;vufae trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh aus;vuf
ae uav;oli,frsm;wdkY\ vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;tygt0if vlYtcGifhta&;
tumtuG,fvdktyfaeolrsm;udk tumtuG,fay;aeolrsm;\ EdkifiHom;
ESifh EdkifiHa&;&ydkifcGifhrsm;udk av;pm;um tumtuG,fay;NyD; taotcsm
&&SdMu&efudkvnf; aqmif&Gufay;&rnf/ xdkYtjyif ajr,m? opfawmrsm;?
a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; umuG,f
&ef aqmif&Gufaeaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;?tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh qufqHonfhtcg
EdkifiHwum vlYtcGifhta&; rl0g'rsm;tm; vdkufemapmifhxdef;&rnf jzpf
onf/
2.3.7/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf ywfoufonfh
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;&mwGif vltrsm; vufcHEdkifonfh xda&mufpGm
tcsdefrD ajz&Sif;ay;aom enf;vrf;rsm;udk cGJjcm;rIr&SdbJ uRrf;usifonfh
w&m;a&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSwqifh vufvSrf;rDap&ef
jznfhqnf;ay;NyD; oifhawmfovdk jyefvnft,lcH0ifEdkifcGifh yg0ifonfh
xda&mufaom ukpm;onfhenf;rsm;vnf; jznfhqnf;ay;&rnf/ xdkukpm;
onfhenf;rsm;tm; tjrefqHk; tusdK;oufa&mufrI&Sdatmif jyKvkyf&rnf
jzpfNyD; ¤if;xJwiG f avsmaf Mu;ay;jcif;? tmrcHay;jcif;? epfemaMu;ay;jcif;ESihf
jyefvnfaMuat;ay;jcif; tp&SdonfwdkY yg0if&rnf/ KNU tmPmydkif
rsm;uvnf; ¤if;enf;vrf;rsm;udk ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh ab;z,fcHxm;
&olrsm;yg vufvSrf;rDEdkifap&ef aocsmpGm aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfonf/
xdkYtjyif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhESifhoufqdkifaom
vlYtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufcH&onfh rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfrqdk xdkuJhodkYaom
tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Sif;a&;ESifh ukpm;onfhenf;vrf;rsm;udk vufvSrf;rDap&ef
taotcsm aqmif&Gufay;&rnf jzpfonf/
2.3.8/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;
rsm;ESihf qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;wGif aexdik Nf yD; ajr,mtoH;k cs
aeoltm;vHk;? txl;ojzifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;? ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh
ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;tm;vHk;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk BudKqdkNyD; axmufyHh
ay;oifhonf/ taMumif;rSm ¤if;wdkYonf ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtm; tkyfcsKyfrI?
tjcm;tvm;wludpörsm;? e,fajrzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; ESifhywfoufonfh
ajr,mrl0g' 29
rl0g'? Oya'ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; azmfxkwfNyD; taumiftxnfazmfjcif;
wdkYwGif tjynfht0yg0ifvmEdkif&ef jzpfonf/
tyd'k f 2.4/ ajr,mpDrt

H yk cf sKyrf q
I ikd &f m rl0g'? Oya'ESit
hf zJt
UG pnf;qdik &f m rlabmifrsm;
(Policy, Legal and OrganizaƟonal Frameworks related to
Land Governance)
2.4.1/ KNU \ ajr,mrl0g'ESifh ¤if;wdkYtm; taumiftxnf azmfaqmif
jcif;ESihf ywfoufonfh udpö&yfrsm;tm;vHk;udk ajz&Sif;&ef a&&Snfvkyfydkif
cGifhtmPmjzifh KAD \vufatmufwGif A[dkajr,maumfrwDwck zGJUpnf;
rnfjzpfonf/ xdktxJwGif Xmecsif; qufqHa&;ESifh e,fpnf;rjcm; udpö
&yfrsm;? a½SUwGif azmfjyxm;onfh vrf;ñTerf t
I ajccHrrl sm;? taumiftxnf
azmfjcif;qdkif&m tajccHrlrsm;? txl;ojzifh pOfqufrjywf wdk;wufonfh
tajccHrlwdkYESifh udkufnDonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhpepfwdkY yg0ifonf/
2.4.2/ ¤if;A[dkajr,maumfrwDwGif atmufygudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0if&
rnf/
 KAD rS ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;? KNU A[dt k vkyt f rIaqmif aumfrwD0ifrsm;?
KFD? KFiD? KMD? KID? KJD ESifh DOI rSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? CBO/CSO
u@rS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf ajr,mtcGithf a&;qdik &f m uRr;f usiyf nm
&Sifrsm; yg0if&rnf/
 qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onf trsm;EdkifrJay;pepftm; tajccHxm;NyD; jyKvkyf
rnf/
 enf;ynmqdkif&mudpörsm;tm; vrf;ñTef&ef aumfrwDwGif tBuHay;
bkwtf zGUJ xm;Edik of nf/ ¤if;tBuHay;bkwt f zGUJ onf tBuHay;&mwGif
om vkyfydkifcGifh&SdrnfjzpfNyD; qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;ESifhywfoufNyD;
rnfonfhtcef;u@ (odkYr[kwf) tmPmrS &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/
2.4.3/ þA[dkajr,maumfrwDonf (1) ajr,mpDrHcefYcGJjcif;? (2) ajr,m
rSwfyHkwifjcif;? (3) ajr,mjyóemajz&Sif;jcif; [lí tenf;qHk; vkyfief;
aumfrwD (3) &yf xm;&SdrnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkYwGif CBO/CSO rsm;rS OD;aqmif
udk,fpm;vS,f 25 &mcdkifEIef; yg0if&rnf jzpfonf -
 ajr,mtrsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;? toHk;csjcif;ESifh tpDtpOf
a&;qGJjcif;wdkY tygt0if ¤if;wdkYjzifhom uefYowfrxm;onfh tvHk;pHk
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhpepf pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESifhtkyfcsKyfjcif;?
 a&TUajymif;aexdik o
f rl sm;? rdrad e&if;a'oodYk jyefvnfa&muf&vdS maom
IDPs rsm;ESifh 'ku©onfrsm; tygt0if ¤if;wdkYjzifhom uefYowfrxm;
onfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhESifh ywfoufaom pm&Gufpmwrf; jyKpkjcif;?
e,fajrydkif;jcm;owfrSwfjcif;? rSwfyHkwifjcif;ESifh ajryHka&;qGJjcif;?
 avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;? jyefvnfcGJa0jcif;? ½kyfodrf;jcif;? jyefvnfjyifqif
jcif;ESifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;? tuJjzwfjcif;ESifh avsmfaMu;udprö sm;aMumifh
jzpfay:vmaom ylaqG;rIrsm;ESifh NiD;wGm;rIESifh wdkifMum;rI tygt0if
¤if;wdYk jzifo
h m uefYowfrxm;onfh ajr,mvkyyf ikd cf iG hf tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;
qdkif&m vkyfief;pOfESifh y#dyu©tajz&Smjcif;/
2.4.4/ vkyfief;aumfrwDrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYtvkyfrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
aqmif&Gufonfhtcgrsm;ESifh oD;jcm;a'owGif; udprö sm;ESihfywfoufonfh
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; jyKvkyfonfhtcgwdkYwGif oufqdkif&ma'owGif; ]tpOft
vmt& tmPmydkifrsm;} (Master of the Kaw) tm; yg0ifap&rnf jzpf
onf/
2.4.5/ A[dkajr,maumfrwD onf KNU \ ajr,mrl0g'ESifh ¤if;wdkYtm;
taumiftxnf azmfaqmifjcif;ESihf ywfoufonfh udp&ö yfrsm;tm;vHk;udk
ajz&Sif;&ef MoZmtmPm&Sdonf/ xdktxJwGif Xmecsif;qufqHa&;ESifh
e,fpnf;rjcm; udp&ö yfrsm;? a&SUwGif azmfjyxm;onfh vrf;ñTerf t
I ajccHrrl sm;?
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;qdkif&mtajccHrlrsm;? txl;ojzifh pOfqufrjywf
ajr,mrl0g' 31
wdk;wufonfh tajccHrlwdkYESifhudkufnDonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhpepfwdkY
yg0ifonf/
2.4.6/ A[dkajr,maumfrwD wGifþrl0g'ygtcsuftvufrsm; taumif
txnfazmfEdkif&ef vdktyfcsuftay:wnfNyD; zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfh toHk;csydkifcGihfESifh ajrtrsdK;tpm;rsdK;pHkwdkYtwGuf txl;
csrSwfxm;onfh pnf;rsOf;Oya'topfrsm;ESifh taumif;qHk; vufawGU
pGrf;aqmifrIpHEIef;rsm;csrSwf&ef MoZmtmPm&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ ajr,m
pDrHtkyfcsKyfrI vkyfief;pOf ESifhywfoufonfh tawGUtBuHKrsm;&&Sdvmjcif;?
tajctaersm; ajymif;vJvmjcif;ESifh owif;ESifh enf;ynmtopfrsm;udk
vufvSrf;rDvmjcif;wkdYaMumifh A[dkajr,maumfrwDonf wnf&Sdaeaom
ajrpDrHcefYcGJrIpepfrsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifh pGrf;aqmifrIqdkif&mpHEIef;rsm;
tm; tcsdeftcgtvdkuf jyifqifEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
2.4.7/ A[dak jr,maumfrwD onf vkyif ef;aumfrwDrsm;twGuf 0efxrf;rsm;
a&G;cs,fjcif;? cefYtyfjcif;ESifh wm0efcsay;jcif;rsm;ESifh þrl0g'wGif
yg0ifonfh tcsuftvufrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESihfqufEG,f
onfh tjcm;vkyfief;rsm;tay: MoZmtmPm &Sdrnfjzpfonf/
2.4.8/ A[dak jr,maumfrwD onf rl0g'tm; taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wGif
ay:xGufvmrnfh ukefusp&dwfrsm; rQa0oHk;pGJjcif;ESifh jyifyrS aiGaMu;
axmufyHhrIZmpfjrpfwdkYESifh ywfoufNyD; oufqdkif&mXmersm; odkYr[kwf a'
ocH tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmydkifwdkYESifh n§dEdIif;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
tcef; 3/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm;
todtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh cGJa0owfrSwfjcif;
(ReconignaƟon and AllocaƟon of Tenure
Rights and DuƟes)
tydk'f 3.1/ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles)

3.1.1/ aumfol;av\ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
qufpyfonfh obm0 o,HZmwrsm;tm; jynfolrsm;u ydkifqdkifum
KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u pDrHcefYcGJonf/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf jynfol
rsm;\tarGtESpfjzpfonfh xdkt&mtm;vHk;tm; ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh vlrI
a&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifhywf0ef;usifqdkif&m OD;wnfcsufrsm;t& EdkifiHwum
vlYtcGifhta&; Oya'ESifhtnDpDrHcefYcGJ&rnfjzpfonf/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;
onfajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0
o,HZmwrsm;ESifh oufqdkifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhqdkif&m tcsuftvuf
rsm;tm; vufvSrf;rDaom pm&if;rSwfwrf;rsm; xdef;odrf;xm;&Sdjcif;jzifh
acwfraD tmif tNrJwrf;jyKvkyx f m;&rnf/ xdpk m&if;rSww
f rf;rsm;wGivf nf;
pDrHtkyfcsKyfrItwGuf wm0ef&Sdonfh at*sifpDrsm;tjyif yk*¾dKvfwOD;csif;?
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh tjcm;MumjrifhpGmwnf&SdcJhonfh &yf&Gmvlxk
ajr,mrl0g' 33
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; vuf0,f&Sd vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifaom rnfonfh ajr,m
vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;udkrqdk rSwfwrf;wif a&;om;jyKpkxm;&rnf jzpfonf/
3.1.2/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf trsm;ydkifu@u xdef;odrf;xm;aom
ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0 o,H
Zmwrsm;wGif aexdkifjcif;ESifh toHk;csjcif;wdkYESihfywfoufonfh rl0g'rsm;
tm; azmfxkwfNyD; vlod&SifMum;jzpfatmif jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;wkdY\
tusdK;tjrwftm; rQwpGmcGJa0jcif;udk tm;ay;onfhrl0g'rsm; azmfxkwfEdkif
&ef BudK;yrf;&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;o,HZmwrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh pDrHtkyf
csKyfjcif; (odkYr[kwf) tay;t,lrsm;jyKvkyfjcif;tm; trsm;jynfolqdkif&m
rl0g'rsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;onfhtaeESifh xda&mufpGm? yGifhvif;jrifom
pGmESifh wm0ef&SdpGm vkyfudkifaqmif&GufoGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.1.3/ þajrrl0g'onf ydkifqdkifrItcGifhta&;rsm;? tBuHK;0ifonfh vlrsdK;
tkypf rk sm;? vlYtzJUG tpnf;? Edik if aH wmfEiS ^hf odYk r[kwf tdraf xmifpw k ckjcif;pD
oHk;ydkifcGifhwdkUESifhywfoufNyD; uGJjym;jcm;em;rIudkvufcHEdkifonfh em;vnfrI
tm; vufc, H MkH unfxm;onf/ tdraf xmifpw k ckcsi;f ESihf tpkyikd af jrrsm;onf
ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh vlrIa&;t&ESifha*[pepft& wnfaqmufxm;onfh
a&ajr½Icif;rsm;\ tpdwftydkif;wckjzpfNyD; jrpfzsm;ydkif;ESifh jrpfatmufydkif;
wdYk onf wckEiS w hf ck qufE,
G rf &I u Sd m tvH;k pHu k kd xnfph Of;pm;onfeh nf;jzifh
pDrHcefYcGJum todtrSwf jyK&rnfjzpfonf/ þajr,mrl0g'onf ajrESifh
a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; 'Drdkua&pD enf;vrf;usus vufvSrf;rDpGm xdef;
csKyfonfh tcGifhta&;ay;xm;onf/ tqdkygrl0g'rsm;wGifvnf; rl0g'
rsdK;pHkudk azmfjyxm;onf/ ¤if;txJwGif (wjcm;tMumif;t&mrsm;wGif)
0ifa&mufaexdkifrI? toHk;csrIESifhxdef;csKyfrI? ajrpkpnf;ydkifqdkifrIESifh
aus;vufqif;&JEGrf;yg;rI jrifhonfh tajctaersm;wGif jyefvnfcGJa0rIrsm;
jyKvkyfjcif;? jynfolrsm;onf ,cifuESifh ,ckjzpfyGm;aeaom y#dyu©rsm;
aMumifh ¤if;wdkYaexdkif&ma'orS ¤if;wdkY\qE´rygbJ z,f&Sm;jcif; cH&onfh
tcgESifh rd½dk;zvmt& 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;cscGifhrsm; qHk;½HI;onfh
tajctaersdK;twGuf avsmfaMu;rsm;ay;jcif;ESifh BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfjcif;wdkY
yg0ifonf/ ajr,mrsm;ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfudkifrIwGif jynfol
rsm;\ vkyftm;ESifh todw&m;rsm;tm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIwdkYtm; KNU tmPm
ydkifrsm;u todtrSwfjyKNyD; OD;pm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm xkdrS
omvQif jynfolrsm;onf þrl0g'wGifyg0ifonfh umv&Snf ajr,m
vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; &,l? cHpm;NyD; tjynfht0 taumiftxnfazmfoGm;
Edkifrnf jzpfonf/
tydk'f 3.2/ wm;qD;umuG,fay;jcif; (Safeguards)

3.2.1/ qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;? ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;ESihf ckcHEdkifpGrf; r&Sd
olrsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm; tp&SdolwdkYtm; ¤if;wdkY\ ajr,mvkyf
ydkifcGifhrsm;udk w&m;0if todtrSwfjyKonfh tcGifhta&;tjynfht0 &&Sdap
&eftwGuf yk*¾dKvfwOD;csif;? rdom;pkrsm;? vlxk todkif;t0dkif;rsm;\
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh cGJa0jcif;wdkYudk
pepfwusjyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ trsm;ydkifajr,mESifhôdkYr[kwf KNU tm
Pmydkifrsm;\ pDrHcefYcGJrIatmuf&Sd trsm;jynfoltusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf
&nf&G,fxm;aomajrESifhywfoufí ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tod
trSwfjyKonfhtcg (odkYr[kwf) cGJa0onfhtcgwGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;
onf-
3.2.2/ vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifjzpfaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh oD;ESH
aumufodrf;cGifhuJhodkYaom tjcm;ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; tygt0if vuf
&SdwGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm; (odkYr[kwf) rd½dk;zvm ]aumf} t& Oya'rsm;
u tumtuG,fay;jcif; r&Sdonfhwdkifatmif tjcm;olrsm;\ 0ifa&muf
aexkdif? toHk;cscGifhrsm;udk csdK;azmufjcif; (odkYr[kwf) zsufodrf;jcif;rsm;
rS tumtuG,fay;&ef/
ajr,mrl0g' 35
3.2.3/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a& vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh
obm0 o,HZmwrsm;tm; rd½dk;zvmtpOftvmt& toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;
&&Sdxm;aom jynfolrsm;ESihf a'ocH &yf&Gm vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm;
xdkufwefonfh xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;ay;jcif; jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ rl0g'
rsm;wGif tjcm;olrsm;\ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; xnfhwGuf&rnfjzpfNyD;
tusdK;oufa&mufrI &SdEdkifolwdkif;udk n§dEdIif;wdkifyifonfhtcg? yl;aygif;
yg0ifonhftcgESifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfonfhtcgrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;&rnf
jzpfonf/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; cGJa0jcif;onfxdko,HZmwrsm;udk
vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifjzpfaom vufvSrf;rDEdkifrItm; xdcdkufjcif;tm;jzifh
jynfolwdkY\ vlaerIb0rsm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif; r&Sdap&ef tqdkyg
rl0g'rsm;wGif &Sif;vif;pGm jyXmef;&efvdktyfonf/
3.2.4/ yxrOD;qHk;taeESifh wnf&Sdaeaomajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh &&Sdxm;ol
tm;vHk;tm; w&m;0if rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif; &Sd? r&Sdudk azmfxkwf&rnf/
n§dEdIif;wdkifyifrIvkyfief;pOfwGif rd½dk;zvm ajr,mydkifqdkifrIpepfrsm; &&Sd
xm;aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh tjcm; &yf&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;?
vkyfuGufi,fv,form;rsm;ESifh tusdK;oufa&mufoltm;vHk;udk yg0if&ef
xnfhoGif;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ jynfolrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
rsm;onf todtrSwfjyK cH&jcif; (odkYr[kwf) av;pm;cH&jcif; r&Sd[k
,HkMunfygu KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYtm; w&m;rQwrI&&Sdap&ef
aqmif&Gufay;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.2.5/ trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh trsdK;om;rsm;tm; rMumcifurS todtrSwfjyK
jcif;cHxm;&aom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;xJwGif wlnDonfh &ydkifcGifhrsm;tm;
&&Sdap&ef tmrcHay;&rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;&ydkifcGifhrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;xJwGif
a&;om;jyKpkxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.2.6/ todtrSwfjyKcHxm;&onfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; &&Sdxm;olrsm;ESifh
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtopfrsm; csay;cHxm;&olrsm;onf ¤if;wkdY\ &ydkifcGifh
rsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk tjynfht0 od&SdEdkif&ef jyKvkyf&rnf/ vdktyf
onfhtcgwGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf xkdyk*¾dKvfrsm; ¤if;wdkY\ ajrvkyf
ydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tjynfht0cHpm;Edkif&efESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; tjynfh
t0 aqmif&GufoGm;&ef yHhydk;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.2.7/ w&m;0if 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; yGifhvif;
jrifomNyD; tm;vHk;yg0ifEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh cGJa0rIrsm; jyKvkyf
oGm;&efEiS hf xdo
k Ykd jyKvkyo
f nft
h cgwGif &Si;f vif;NyD; tm;vH;k vufvrS ;f rDEikd f
aom em;vnfEdkifonfh ½dk;&Sif;aom vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;jzifh jyKvkyfoGm;&
rnf jzpfonf/ yg0if&eftvm;tvm&Sdoltm;vHk;tm; oufqdkif&m
bmompum;rsm;jzifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk jznfq h nf;ay;&rnf/ rMumcif
urS csay;xm;onfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tjcm;wnf&Sdaeaom
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihftwl rSwfwrf;wif pepfwckxJwGif xnfhoGif;
xm;&rnf (odkYr[kwf) tm;vHk;ESihfoufqdkifonfh rlabmifwcktwGif;
wGif tcsdwftquf jyKvkyfxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
tydk'f 3.3/ ]aumf}ajrrsm; (“Kaw” Lands)

3.3.1/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifhqufpyfonfh
obm0 o,HZmwrsm;onf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh aumf (rd½dk;zvm
ajr,mvkyfudkifcGifh) pepfrsm;&Sdaom tjcm; vlxktodkif;t0kdif;rsm;twGuf
vlrIa&;? ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m? bmoma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? ywf0ef;usifqdkif&mESifh
d nf/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;onf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
Edik if aH &;wefz;kd rsm; &So
ESifh ]aumf}ajr,mydkifqdkifrIpepfrsm;&Sdaom vlxktodkif;t0kdif;rsm;\
aiGom;r[kwfonfhwefzdk;rsm;tm; pOfqufrjywf todtrSwfjyK? av;pm;
NyD; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.3.2/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh ]aumf}pepf
rsm;&Sdaom tjcm;vlxk todkif;t0kdif;rsm;\ w&m;0ifajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
rsm;tm; todtrSwfjyKNyD; tumtuG,f ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkY
todtrSwfjyKonfh tcgrsdK;wGif vlxktodkif;t0dkif;wcku oD;oefY
ajr,mrl0g' 37
toHk;jyKNyD; cGJa0NyD;toHk;csonfh ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;?
a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&
rnf/
3.3.3/ xdkodkYaom todtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh owif;tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk vufvrS ;f rD&efv,
G o
f nfh ae&mwGif em;vnf&efv,
G u
f al om
oifhawmfonfhyHkpH? oufqdkif&m bmompum;rsm;jzifh trsm;od&Sdatmif
aqmif&Gufay;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.3.4/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh aumfpepfrsm;&Sdaom tjcm;vlxk
todkif;t0kdif;rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\bdk;bGm;ydkif ajr,mrsm;rS twif;t"r®
z,f½Sm;jcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&yg/
3.3.5/ A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIESifh rd½dk;zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm;\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh KAD onf aus;&GmxlxkESifhyl;aygif;um
aumfol;av&Sd aus;&Gm&yf&Gmvlxkrsm;u xdef;odrf;xm;aom trsm;ydkif
ajrrsm;\ ,m,De,ferd w d rf sm;tm; oifah wmfNyD; vufawGU jyKvkyEf ikd o
f nfh
tcgrsm;wGif em;vnfatmif&Sif;vif;ay;NyD; e,fedrdwf owfrSwfay;rnf
jzpfonf/ ajryHka&;qGJEdkifonfh avhvmqef;ppfrI jyKvkyfNyD;pD;onfhtcg
e,fedrdwfrsm;tm; ajryHkrsm;ay:wGif azmfjyNyD; avhvmqef;ppfrIrsm;tm;
rSwfyHkwifXmewGif rSwfyHkwifxm;rnfjzpfonf/
3.3.6/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhpepfrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
csrSwf&mwGif jynfolrsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;\ tjynfht0 xd
a&mufpGm yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk ¤if;wdkY\ a'owGif; (odkYr[kwf) rd½dk;z
vm tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSwqifh jr§ifhwifay;&rnf/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh ]aumf} pepfrsm;&Sdaom tjcm;vlxk todkif;t
0kdif;rsm;\ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhpepfrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh rl0g'rsm;ESifh
Oya'rsm;tm; azmfxw k of nft h cgwGif ckcEH ikd pf rG ;f r&So
d rl sm;ESihf ab;z,fc&H
olrsm; tygt0if tusdK;oufa&mufonfh vlxk todkif;t0dkif;rsm;rS
tzGJU0iftm;vHk; tjynfht0ESifhxda&mufpGm yg0ifvmEdkif&ef &Sif;vif;pGmESifh
wuf<upGm BudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfonf/
3.3.7/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm; (odkYr[kwf)
w&m;a&;qdkif&m jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;
rsm;udk tm;jznfhay;onfhtcgESifh ½dk;&mtpOftvmrsm;ESifh tjiif;
yGm;zG,f&mrsm; &SdcJhonfh tcgrsdK;wGif tzGJU0iftm;vHk;taejzifh ]aumf}
pepfrsm;twGi;f wGif ¤if;uJo
h Ykdaom ajymif;vJrrI sm;tm; vufcv
H mEdik af p&ef
½Sif;vif;pGmESifhwuf<upGm BudK;yrf;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.3.8/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh ]aumf}
pepfrsm;&Sdaom tjcm;vlxk todkif;t0kdif;rsm;\ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;?
a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&rsm;tm; tjcm;olrsm;u w&m;r0ifoHk;pGJjcif;rS
tumtuG,fay;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.3.9/ &yf&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;wcku uefYuGufrI rjyKvkyfonfhtcgrsdK;
wGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf &yf&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;u 0ifa&mufae
xdkifNyD; toHk;csaeonfh ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh
qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;\ obm0ESifh wnfae&mwdkYESifh
oufqdkifonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk w&m;0if rSwfwrf;wifNYyD;
vlod&SifMum; jzpfatmif jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh
]aumf}pepfrsm;&Sdaom tjcm;vlxk todkif;t0kdif;rsm;\ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
rsm;tm; w&m;0if rSwfwrf;wifNyD;onfhtcgwGif ,SOfNydKifawmif;qdkvmrI
rsm;rS umuG,f&ef trsm;jynfol vkyfydkifcGifh? woD;yk*v ¾ du vkyfydkifcGifhESifh
bHkajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh tp&Sdonfh vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;í rSwfwrf;
wifxm;&rnf jzpfonf/
3.3.10/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;wGif ajr,m
vkyfydkifcGifhESifh ywfoufonfh y#dyu©rsm; ajz&Sif;Edkif&ef ]aumf}pepfrsm;
oH;k pGaJ eonfh jynforl sm;ESihf vlxt
k odik ;f t0dik ;f rsm;\ csOf;uyfyekH nf;vrf;
ajr,mrl0g' 39
rsm;tm; av;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/ aus;&Gmvlxk todkif;t0dkif; wckwnf;
xufydkí ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh
obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; toHk;csonfhtcgrsdK;rsm;wGif xdkvlxk todkif;
t0dkif;rsm;tMum; y#dyu©rsm;udk ajz&Sif;onfhenf;vrf;rsm;tm; ydkrdk
tm;aumif;atmif jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/
tydk'f 3.4/w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh (Informal Tenure)

3.4.1/ w&m;0ifr[kwo f nfh ajr,mvkyyf ikd cf iG q
hf o
kd nfrmS 0ifa&mufaexdik f
olrsm;ESifh toHk;csolrsm;\ ajr,mtoHk;csrI"avhrsm;tm; KNU tmPm
ydkifrsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;u todtrSwfrjyKao;aom
tajctaersdK;udkqdkvdkNyD; ¤ifwdkYxJwGif txl;ojzifh IDP rsm;ESifh 'ku©onf
rsm;uJhodkYaom ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;? ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh vlxk
todkif;t0dkif;rsm; yg0ifonf/
3.4.2/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifhqufpyfonfh
obm0o,HZmwrsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD; w&m;0ifr[kwo f nfh ajr,mvkyyf ikd f
cGifhrsm; ay:aygufvmygu KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPm
ydkifrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYtm; todtrSwfjyK&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif þrl0g'
twGif; &SdESifhNyD;aom w&m;0ifydkifqdkifcGifhrsm;udk av;pm;&rnfjzpfNyD;
tajctaerSefudkvnf; todtrSwfjyK&rnfhtjyif vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m aumif;usdK;twGufvnf; jr§ifhwif&rnfjzpfonf/
txl;ojzifh KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf rdrdoabmESifhrdrd r[kwfbJ?
twif;t"r® (odkYr[kwf) pdwfrat;rcsrf;jzifh jyKvkyf&onfh a½TUajymif;
rIrsm;rS w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mydkifqdkifrIrsm; jzpfay:vmjcif;udk
todtrSwfjyK&rnf jzpfonf/
3.4.3/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;onf w&m;0if
r[kwfonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;\ tajctaersm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef rl0g'
rsm;udkazmfxkwf&rnf/ xdkodkYazmfxkwf&mwGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm; ESifhôdkY
r[kwf rd½;kd zvmt& tmPmydik rf sm;onf w&m;0ifajr,mydik q f ikd rf rI sm;tm;
vufvrS ;f rDatmif ulnv D yk af qmifay;&rnfjzpfNyD; vdt
k yfí oifah wmfonfh
tcgrsm;wGif jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;yg yg0ifNyD; EdkifiHwum vlYtcGifht
a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&GufoGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.4.4/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;taejzifh
w&m;0ifr[kwfonhf ajr,mydkifqdkifrIrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh aqmif&Guf
csutf m;vH;k onf Edik if w
H umOya'ESihf tjcm;oufqikd o
f nfh pmcsKyfpmwrf;
rsm;wnf&Sdaeaom wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifhtnD jyKvkyfoGm;&rnfjzpfNyD;
¤if;wdkYxJwGif tpm;tpm? a&ESifh vHkavmufonfhtdrfajcrsm; jznfhqnf;
ay;&ef yg0ifonf/
3.4.5/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;onf
w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; w&m;0if todtrSwf
jyKjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfonhftcgwdkif;wGif tm;vHk;yg0ifNyD; usm;^r cGJjcm;rI
r&Sdonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzifh jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkodkYjyKvkyfonfhtcg
rsm;wGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;onf
v,form;rsm;? tao;pm; pm;aomufukefxkwfvkyfolrsm;ESihf qufpyf
onfh a'owGif; tpm;taomufxkwfvkyfonfhpepfrsm;tm; txl;tm½Hk
pdu
k af y;&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;tpDtpOfrsm;onf w&m;0if 0efaqmifrrI sm;tm;
vufvSrf;rDEdkifatmif aqmif&Gufay;&rnf/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;onf vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;ESifh yg0ifolrsm;
tm; enf;ynmESifh w&m;a&;qdkif&m axmufyHhrIrsm; ay;Edkif&ef tm;xkwf
&rnfjzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 41
3.4.6/ w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; w&m;0if tod
trSwfjyKjcif; jyKvkyfay;&ef rjzpfEdkifaomtcgrsm;wGif KNU tmPmydkif
rsm;ESihf rd½;kd zvmt& tmPmydik f rsm;onf twif;t"r® z,f&mS ;jcif;rsm;tm;
wm;qD;&rnf jzpfonf/
tydk'f 3.5/ aus;&Gmajr (Village Lands)

3.5.1/ aus;&GmajrqdkonfrSm &yf&GmvlxktzGJU0iftm;vHk;u xdef;odrf;NyD;
toHk;jyKonfh trsm;ydkifajrrsm;yg0ifonfhtjyif rdom;pkrsm;u xdef;
odrf;NyD;toHk;jyKonfh pdkufysdK;a&;ESifhaexdkif&mtwGuf rdom;pkajruGuf
rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/
3.5.2/ aus;&Gmajrrsm;tm; aus;&Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh&yf&GmvlxktzGJU
0ifrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh aus;&GmajraumfrwDu pDrHtkyfcsKyf
oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ &yf&Gmvlxkwck\ aus;&GmajraumfrwD\ zGJUpnf;yHk
twdtusrSm &yf&Gmvlxk\ t&G,ftpm;ESifhajr,mudpörsm;ESifh ywfouf
NyD; &yf&GmvlxktzGJU0iftm;vHk;twGuf rQwrI&&Sdap&ef toifhawmfqHk;
yHkpHjzpfonfh &yf&Gmvlxk\ qHk;jzwfcsuftay: rlwnfrnfjzpfonf/
aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwDxJwGif a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfh tzGJU0if
rsm;yg0ifNyD; aus;&Gmvlxkw&yfvHk;u ¤if;wdkY\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk
jyefvnfoHk;oyfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ cGifhjyKEdkifonfh tdrfaxmifpkwckpDESifh
trsm;ydkifajrwGif tpkvdkuf0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;cscGifhwdkYtm;
aus;&GmajraumfrwDu tqHk;tjzwfay;rnfjzpfNyD; oD;jcm;toHk;csrIrsm;
twGuf oD;jcm;ae&mrsm; csrSwf&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYxJwGif pdkufysdK;a&;?
opfawm? a&vkyfief;? pm;usufajrESifh tjcm;a&maESmNyD; toHk;jyKjcif;rsm;
yg0ifonf/ aus;&GmajraumfrwDu vdv k m;vQif odYkr[kwf aMujimxm;vQif
rnfonfh tzGUJ 0ifwOD;OD;u ¤if;twGuf (odYk r[kw)f ¤if;\rdom;pktwGuf
trsm;ydkif ajr,may:wGif tpm;tpmrsm; pdkufysdK;vQif vlxktodkif;t0dkif;
tm; rQwonft d yfonf/ KAD onf A[dak jr,m aumfrwD
h cGeaf y;&ef vkt
ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;\ FPIC ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? aus;&Gm
ajraumfrwDESifh tjcm;aus;&GmrS tzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh aomfvnf;aumif;
ndE§ idI ;f wdik yf ifum yl;aygif;aqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh trsm;ydik af jr,mrsm;ay:wGif
rnfolu rnfonfhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;udk rnfonfhae&mrsm;wGif rnfrQtcsdef
umvMumatmif rnfonf&h nf&, G cf surf sm;twGuf vkyu f ikd rf nfqo
kd nfukd
&Sif;vif;atmifjyKvkyfNyD; rSwfwrf;wifum rSefuefaMumif; w&m;0if
axmufcHrIjyKjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/
3.5.3/ aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwDonf a'ocH ajr,mtkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&mudpö
tm;vHk;twGuf wm0ef&SdonfhtzGJUtpnf; jzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;onf NrdKU
e,fESifh c½dkiftmPmydkifrsm;ESihf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSwqihf A[kdajr,m
aumfrwD\ axmufyHhrIESihfvrf;nTefrIwdkYjzifh nd§EdIif;aqmif&GufoGm;rnf
jzpfonf/
3.5.4/ aumfol;av&Sd jynfoltrsm;tjym;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;\
ajr,m vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh "avhrsm;onf trsm;ydkifajr\ todtrSwfjyK
jcif;ESifh tumtuG,fay;jcif;tay: rlwnfonf/ A[dkajr,maumfrwD
ESifh aus;&GmajraumfrwD\ FPIC wdkYjzifh yl;aygif;í KAD onf aumfol;
av&Sd trsm;ydkifajrtm;vHk;tm; oufqdkifonfh rSwfyHkwifXmersm;wGif
todtrSwfjyK w&m;0ifaxmufcHNyD; rSwfyHkwifrnf jzpfonf/ trsm;ydkif
ajrrsm;onf ajrt&if;tjrpfrsm;jzifhom uefYowfxm;onfr[kwfbJ
qufpyfonfh opfawmrsm;ESifh a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/xdkY
aMumifh trsm;ydkifajrrsm;wGif jynfoltpktzGJUydkifopfawmrsm;ESifh opf
awmajrrsm;? a&uefrsm;? jrpfrsm;ESifhpdrfhajrrsm;? u&iftvSnfhus pdkufysdK;
ajrrsm; ]uk}? O,smOfrsm;? pm;usufajrrsm;ESihf tdrfaxmifpkESifh aus;&Gm
tpm;tpmESifh tpm;tpmr[kwfonfh xkwfvkyfrIrsm;? aq;0g;yifrsm;
pdu
k yf sdK;jcif;? a*[aA'qdik &f m OD;wnfcsufrsm;? ajrjr§KyfoN*ØKvfjcif;twGuf
ESihf tjcm;bmoma&;ESihf ,HMk unfcsufqikd &f mudprö sm;twGuf toH;k csonfh
ajr,mrl0g' 43
tjcm;ae&mrsm;yg0ifonf/ tjcm; trsm;ydkifajrrsm;\Oyrmrsm;rSm
bmoma&;taMumif;rsm;? ynma&;? use;f rma&;ESihf tpnf;ta0;cef;rrsm;
aqmufvkyf&eftwGuf toHk;jyKonfhajrrsm; yg0ifonf/
3.5.5/ &yf&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif; tzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh rdom;pkrsm;\ 0ifa&muf
aexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;cscGifhrsm;udk aus;&GmajrwGifom cGifhjyKEdkifNyD; aus;&Gm
ajr aumfrwDEiS t hf jcm;oifah wmfonfh aus;&GmtzGUJ tpnf;rsm;? yGiv hf if;jrif
omNyD; wm0efcHrI&Sdaom qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;rSwqifh
qHk;jzwfxm;onfhtwdkif; tdrfaxmifpkwckpD (odkYr[kwf) tpkvdkuftm;
cGifhjyKEdkifonf/ &yf&GmvlxktzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh rdom;pkrsm;onf aexdkif&efESifh
pdkufysdK;&eftwGuf ajruGufrsm;tm; &,lEdkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tqdkyg
ajruGufrsm;tm; aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwDu csrSwfxm;onfh pnf;rsOf;
Oya'rsm;atmufwGifxdef;odrf;&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/ ¤if;&yf&Gmvlxk tzGJU0if
ESihf rdom;pkrsm;\ ajruGufrsm;tm; rnfonfhvTJajymif;jcif;ESifh iSm;&rf;
jcif;udkrqdk jyKvkyfvQif aus;&GmajraumfrwDxHrS MudKwifcGifhjyKcsuf
&,l&rnfjzpfonf/
3.5.6/ ESpfckxufydkaom aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;\ e,fedrdwf
rsm;onf wckESifhwck xyfrdaeygu KAD onf A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwD\ FPIC wdkY
ESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&u G uf m xdcu kd o
f nfh jynforl sm;ESihf vlxt k odik ;f t0dik ;f
tm;vH;k wdYk EiS hf aqG;aEG;wdik yf ifNyD; e,ferd w
d rf sm;\ twdtuswnfae&mudk
vlxktodkif;t0dkif;\ trsm;qE´jzifh qHk;jzwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ aus;&Gm
vlxktodkif;t0dkif;wckonf trsm;ydkifajrtwGif;&Sd e,fedrdwfrsm;tm;
jyifqifvdkygu KAD? A[dkajr,maumfrwD? oufqdkifonfh rd½dk;zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwDwdkYESifh xdcdkufcH&rI
tvm;tvm&Sdaom jynfoltm;vHk;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyif&rnfjzpfonf/
rnfonfh jyifqifcsufrsdK;udrk qdk jyKvkyv f vkd Qif KAD? A[dak jr,maumfrwD?
oufqdkifonfh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;\ cGifhjyKcsufESifhxdckdufcH&rI
tvm;tvm&Sdaom jynfoltm;vHk;wdkY\ FPIC udk &,l&rnfjzpfonf/
trsm;\oabmwlnDcsuf r&&Sdaomfvnf; aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;u
jyifqifcsuftm; qufvufjyKvkyfoGm;vdkygu xdkudpt ö m; trsm;oabm
wlnDcsuf &&Sd&ef Mum;0ifjzefajzrIyHkpHjzifh aqmif&GufoGm;&rnf jzpfonf/
jyifqifcsufaMumifh xdcdkufcH&olrsm; &Sdygu xdcdkufcH&olrsm;onf KNU
tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS w&m;rQwonfh epfemaMu; &&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/
3.5.7/ rnfonfhtrsm;ydkif ajr (odkYr[kwf) ¤if;\ tpdwftydkif;wcktm;
rnfonfhtcsdefwGif rnfonfhzGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; (odkYr[kwf) &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI
twGuf xdcdkufcH&Edkifonfh jynfolrsm; (odkYr[kwf) aus;&Gmvlxk tzGJUt
pnf;rsm;\ FPIC rygbJ toHk;cscGifhr&Sdyg/
tydk'f 3.6/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\ pDrHcefYcGJrIatmuf&Sd trsm;jynfol tusdK;

pD;yGm;twGuf &nf&G,fxm;aomajr
(KNU AuthoriƟes-Managed Public Purpose Land)
3.6.1/ tcgtm;avsmfpGm ay:aygufonfhajr,m (Periodic Land) - tqdkyg
ajronf A[dk ajr,maumfrwDESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;\ FPIC
odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwDESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufum ,ck (odkYr
[kw)f aemifwiG f KAD u a&pD;qif;rI (odYk r[kw)f rd;k a&wdYk tay:rlwnfNyD;
a&vrf;aMumif;wavQmufwGif tcsdefumvtm;avsmfpGm ay:aygufwwf
aom ajr,mtjzpfowfrSwfay;aomajr jzpfonf/ tcgtm;avsmfpGm
ay:aygufonfh ajr,monf t"duusonfh vlrIa&;? ZvaA'qdkif&mESifh
a*[qdkif&m toHk;0ifrIrsm;&SdNyD; ¤if;onf A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh rd½dk;
zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;\ FPIC odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwDwdkY\
qHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; trsm;jynfolaumif;usdK;tm; taxmuftul jyK&
rnf jzpfonf/ tcgtm;avsmfpGm ay:aygufonfhajrtm; A[dkajr,m
aumfrwDu tvGefwdus &Sif;vif;jywfom;onfh taetxm;jzifh qHk;
ajr,mrl0g' 45
jzwfcsufcsum toHk;jyKcGifhrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; t&nftcsif;
jynfhrDaom jynfolrsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; csay;Edkifonf/
3.6.2/ xdef;odrf;uefYowfxm;onfh ajr (Reserved Land) - tqdkyg ajr
onf ,ck (odkYr[kwf) aemifwGif u&ifopfawmXme (KFD) u ]opfawm
BudK;0dkif;}? ]xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;r&Sdonfh opfawmrsm;}? ]awm½dkif;wd&dpämef
ab;rJhawmrsm;}? ]trsdK;om; O,smOfae&mrsm;} ESifh xkduJhodkY xdef;odrf;
xm;aom ajrrsm;ESifhuyfvsuf&Sdonfh Mum;cHe,fajrrsm;tjzpf owfrSwf
ay;xm;aom ajrrsm;jzpfonf/ xde;f odr;f uefYowfxm;onfh ajr,monf
t"duusonfh vlrIa&;? ZvaA'qdkif&mESifh a*[aA'qdkif&m toHk;0ifrI
rsm;&SNd yD; ¤if;onf A[dak jr,maumfrwDEiS hf rd½;kd zvmt& tmPmydik rf sm;\
FPIC odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwDwdkY\ qHk;jzwfcsuftwkdif;
trsm;jynfol aumif;usdK;tm; taxmuftuljyK&rnf jzpfonf/ KFD
\ oufqdkif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifhtnD tvGef&Sif;vif;jywfom;onfh
tajctaersm;wGif A[dkajr,maumfrwDu qHk;jzwfcsufjyK&rnfjzpfNyD;
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwD\ FPIC
ESifhtwl vlrIa&;ESifh a*[aA'qdkif&m toHk;0ifrIESifh jynfolvlxk\
aumif ; usd K ;wd k Y t m; rxd c d k u f a pbJ xd e f ; od r f ; uef Y o wf x m;onf h
ajr,mtm; pdkufysdK;a&;toHk;jyKrIrsm;twGuf t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom
jynfolrsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; csay;Edkifonf/
3.6.3/ trsm;jynfolydkifonhf ajr,m (Public Land) - tqdkygajronf ,ck
(odYk r[kw)f aemifwiG f KAD onf trsm;jynfo\ l tajccH taqmufttHk
twGuf toHk;cs&ef[k owfrSwfxm;aom ajr,mrsm;jzpfonfh vrf;rsm;?
wHwm;rsm;? KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\ taqmuftOD;rsm;? ausmif;rsm;?
aq;½Hkrsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0kdif;qdkif
&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ ½Hk;rsm;ESifh tjcm;trsm;jynfoloHk;pGJ&ef[k trsm;u
owfrSwfxm;aom tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm; yg0ifonf/ trsm;jynfol
ydkifonfh ajr,monf t"duusonfh vlrIa&;? ZvaA'qdkif&mESifh
a*[qdkif&m toHk;0ifrIrsm;&SdNyD; ¤if;onf A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh rd½dk;
zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;\ FPIC wdkY\ owfrSwfcsufjzifh trsm;jynfol
aumif;usdK;tm; taxmuftuljyK&rnf jzpfonf/tvGef&Sif;vif;jywf
om;onfh tajctaersm;wGif A[dkajr,maumfrwDu qHk;jzwfcsuf
jyK&rnfjzpfNyD; rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmajr aumfr
wD\ FPIC ESifhtwl vlrIa&;ESifh a*[aA'qdkif&m toHk;0ifrIESifh jynfol
vlxk\aumif;usdK;wdkYtm; rxdcdkufapbJ trsm;jynfolydkifonfh ajr,m
tm;toHk;jyKcGifhrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom
jynfolrsm;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; csay;Edkifonf/
tydk'f 3.7/ toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;owfrSwfjcif;

(RegulaƟng Use Rights)
3.7.1/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh
obm0 o,HZmwrsm;wGif 0ifa&mufaexdik jf cif; (odYk r[kw)f toH;k csjcif;
twGuf A[dkajr,m aumfrwDESifh aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;ESifh rd½dk;zvm
t& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwDwdkY\ yl;aygif;rIjzifh?
KAD \ cGifhjyKjcif;ESifh rSefuefaMumif; axmufcHay;jcif;wdkY vdktyfonf/
xdo
k Ykd aom 0ifa&mufaexdik cf iG hf (odYk r[kw)f toH;k cscGit
hf m; oufqikd o
f nfh
rSwfyHkwifXmewGif rSwfyHkwifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.7.2/ 0ifa&mufaexdik cf iG hf (odYk r[kw)f toH;k cscGi&hf &SEd ikd &f ef uefYowfcsuf
rsm;xJwGif touf 18 ESpfESifhtxuf&SdolwOD;jzpfNyD; &mZ0wfrI usL;vGef
jcif; r&Sdbl;onfholwOD;jzpfum -
(1) 'ku©onf (odkYr[kwf) jynfwGif;wdrf;a½Smif 'ku©onfwOD;tjzpf
(odYk r[kw)f tajctaewckaMumifh c&D;oGm;&onft h cgrsdK;rSví
JG
t"dutm;jzifh 1988 ckESpf rwdkifrDuwnf;u aumfol;avwGif
ajr,mrl0g' 47
aexdkifaeol?
(2) 1988 ckESpf aemufydkif;wGif aumfol;avwGif aexdkifNyD; aumf
ol;av&Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;\ tusKd ;twGuf vlr0I efaqmif
rIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;ol?
(3) aumfol;avwGif aexdkifolwOD;jzpfNyD; ajrwckay:wGif 0if
a&mufaexdik cf iG hf (odYk r[kw)f toH;k csyikd cf iG hf &&Scd zhJ ;l oljzpfaMumif;
KAD? A[dkajr,maumfrwD? aus;&Gmvlxk todkif;t0dkif;rsm;ESifh
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; vufcHEdkifonfh oufao t
axmuftxm;rsm; &Sdxm;ol?
(4) 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifh (odkYr[kwf) toHk;csydkifcGifhtm; rQa0NyD;
toHk;jyKonfh ZeD;ESifh cifyGef;jzpfum ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;onf txuf
azmfjyyg pHEIef;rsm;ESifh udkufnDaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcHxm;&ol
wdkYjzpfonf/
3.7.3/ rnfonfh toHk;csydkifcGifhrqdk A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh rd½dk;zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmajr,maumfrwD\ FPIC wdkYESifh
n§dEdIif;wdkifyifNyD; KAD u csrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; wif;Muyfonfh tuefY
towfrsm;atmufwGif &Sdonf/ ajr,mtoHk;csydkifcGifhudk rdk;pyg; pdkufysdK;
&eftwGuf tuefYtowfrSm {u 20 jzpfNyD;? Ekef;ajrpdkufysdK;a&;twGuf
2 {urS 5 {utxdESifh Ekef;ajr\ rsdK;atmifjcif;tay:rlwnfí owfrSwf
ay;onf/ A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh aus;&Gmvlxk todkif;t0dkif; tzGJU0if
rsm;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifwdkY\ FPIC wdkYjzifh n§dEdIif;wdkifyifNyD;
þrl0g'\ OD;wnfcsufESifh tajccHrl0g'rsm;ESifh udkufnDrSomvQif KAD
onf cGifhjyKxm;onfh {u 20 tm;ausmfí {u 50 txd ay;onfh tajc
taersm;tay: rlwnfícGifhjyKEdkifNyD;? xdkajronf oD;oefYpdkufcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfjcif;twGuf rvHkavmufrSom cGifhjyKrnfjzpfonf/ þrl0g'
atmufwGif vlwOD;onf ¤if;twGuf cGifhjyKxm;onfhajr,mtm; toHk;jyK
jcif;udk wGufcsuf&mwGif trsm;qHk;cGifhjyKxm;onfh yrmPtm; wGufcsuf
rnfjzpfNyD;? xdkyk*d¾Kvfonf tjcm;ajr,moHk;pGJrIrsm; (odkYr[kwf) iSm;&rf;rI
rsm;? wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufíjzpfap &Sdygu trsm;qHk;EIef;tm;
wGufcsufoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ {u 20 tuefYtowftm; ydkNyD;wdk;csJU&ef
vdkvm;olonf KAD xH avQmufxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwD\ FPIC
wdYk EiS hf yl;aygif; aqmif&u
G í
f ol (odYk r[kw)f olronf 0ifa&mufaexdik cf iG hf
ESifh toHk;csydkifcGifh &&Sd&ef pdwf0ifpm;onfh ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&?
a&vkyfief;rsm; ESihfywfoufNyD; tcsuftvufjynfhpHkpGm wifjy&rnf jzpf
onf/ xdkodkYwifjy&efysufuGufygu tqdkyg avQmufxm;jcif;onf tvdk
tavsmuf ysufjy,foGm;rnf jzpfonf/ ¤if;uefYowfcsufrsm;tay:
>cif;csufudk KAD u pdkufysdK;a&;tm; us,fjyefYpGmjyKvkyf&ef oifhawmfonfh
ajrjyefYrsm;tm; cGifhjyKEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ uefYowfcsufrsm;tm; pdkuf
ysdK;xkwfvkyfrI tjrifhqHk;jzpfvm&ef &nf&G,fcsufjzifhom ausmfvTm;Ekdif
rnfjzpfNyD; a&mif;csjcif;? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIjyKvkyfjcif;? prf;oyfjcif; ESihf tjcm;
zGHUNzdK;a&; pDrHudef;rsm;twGuf jyKvkyfír&yg/
3.7.4/ vkyfief;wck (odkYr[kwf) pD;yGm;jzpf pdkufysdK;a&;twGuf 0ifa&muf
aexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifhonf {u 50 txufausmfvGefí r&yg/
vlwOD; (okdYr[kwf) ukrÜPDwcktm; þrl0g't& ajr,mtrsm;qHk;
iSm;&rf;cGifhjyKjcif;udk wGufcsuf&mwGif tcsuftvuftm;vHk; pHkvif&rnf
jzpfNyD; ¤if;yk*¾dKvf (odkYr[kwf) ukrÜPD\ aumfol;avtwGif;&Sdonfh
wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufíjzpfap &&Sdxm;onfh 0ifa&mufaexkdifcGifhESifh
toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; azmfjy&rnfjzpfum tjrifhqHk;owfrSwfxm;onfh
ajr,mtoHk;csydkifcGifhtxd wGufcsufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkY rjyKvkyf
ygu ¤if;yk*Kd¾ vf (odYk r[kw)f ukrP Ü \
D aumfo;l av&Sd ajr,mvkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
onf tvdktavsmuf ysufjy,foGm;rnfjzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 49
3.7.5/ aumfol;avtwGif;&Sd ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh
qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;wGif 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;cs
ydkifcGifhrsm; &&Sdxm;ol rnfolrqdk atmufazmfyg &ydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh wm0ef
0wå&m;rsm; &Sdonf -
 umv&SnfESifh umvwdk pdkufysdK;a&;ESifh qnfajrmif;rsm; azmf&ef (odkYr
[kwf) ¤if;wdkY\ v,fajrrsm;tm; umuG,f&ef v,fajrESifh ywfouf
onfh tjcm;vkyfaqmifrIrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;wdkYtygt0if ajr,mpdkufysdK;
cGiEhf iS hf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; pdu
k yf sdK;jcif;qdik &f m pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESit
hf nD
aqmif&GufoGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
 toHk;csydkifcGifhvTJajymif;jcif; Oya'ESifhtnD 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh
toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tjcm;olwOD;xHodkY vTJajymif;ydkifcGifh?
 tarGqufcjH cif;qdik &f m pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESitfh nD ajr,m 0ifa&mufaexdik f
cGifhESifh toHk;cs ydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tjcm;olwOD;xHodkY tarGtjzpf vTJ
ajymif;ydkifcGifh?
 ajr,m 0ifa&mufaexdik cf iG Ehf iS hf toH;k csydik cf iG t
hf wGuf iSm;&rf;crsm;wGif
KAD ESifh aqG;aEG;wkdifyifum ¤if;\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh ywfoufolrsm;u
n§dEdIif;xm;onfh owfrSwfcsufrsm; yg0if&rnf/ xdkYtjyif A[dkajr,m
aumfrwDESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmajr
aumfrwD\ FPIC (odkYr[kwf) xdef;odrf;uefYowfxm;onfh ajrae&m
rsm;twGuf KFD wdkUESifhvnf;aqG;aEG;wdkifyif&rnf/
 txufazmfjyyg tcsufwckcsif;tm; 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;cs
ydkifcGifhrsm;\ uefYowfcsufwcktjzpfrSwf,lNyD; csdK;azmufrIrsm;&Sdygu
zsufodrf;jcif;cH&rnf jzpfonf/
3.7.6/ ajr,mtpdwftydkif;tm; (3) ESpfESifhtxuf qufwdkufaexdkifol
wOD;u 0ifa&mufaexdkifNyD; xdkajr,mwnf&Sdaom aus;&Gmvlxk todkif;
t0dkif;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;\ cGifhjyKcsuft& pdkufysdK;cJhonf[k
KAD uowfrw S yf gu xdo
k o
l nf 0ifa&mufaexdik cf iG Ehf iS hf toH;k csyikd cf iG t
hf m;
KAD xH w&m;0ifavQmufxm;ydkifcGifh &Sdonf/ KAD onf A[dkajr,m
aumfrwDEiS hf rd½;kd zvmt& tmPmydik rf sm;\ FPIC wdYk EiS hf aqG;aEG;wdik yf ifNyD;
xdkyk*¾dKvfonf t&nftcsif;rsm; jynfhpHkvQif xdk&ydkifcGifhtm; tyfESHEdkif
onf/
3.7.7/ ajr,m0ifa&mufaexdik cf iG Ehf iS hf toH;k csyikd cf iG rhf sm; oufwrf;ukeo
f mG ;
aponfh tajctaersm;rSm - (1) ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; udkifaqmifxm;ol
aoqH;k oGm;onft h cg? (2) xdak eYonf ajr,mvkyyf ikd cf iG hf pwif&&So d nfah eYrS
ESpf 20 jynfhoGm;onfhtcg? (3) KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\rl0g't&
rSm;,Gif;pGmtoHk;csonf[k KAD u A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh rd½dk;zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwD\ FPIC wdkYESifh aqG;aEG;
wdkifyifNyD; qHk;jzwfaomaMumifh &yfqdkif;oGm;onfhtcgwdkYwGif jzpfonf/
odkYaomf tdrfaxmifpkwGif ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtm; &&Sdxm;ol wOD;xuf
ydkygu ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhonf wOD;wa,muf aoqHk;jcif;jzifh NyD;qHk;oGm;
rnfr[kwfbJ &ydkifcGifh trnfudkifaqmifxm;oltm;vHk; aoqHk;rSom
&yfqdkif;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtm; cGifhjyKxm;onfh yxr
oufwrf;twGif;wGif rzsufodrf;cJhygu ¤if;oufwrf;tm; (2) Budrftxd
xyfw;kd Edik Nf yD; yxrtBudrw f iG f (10) ESpt
f xd wd;k Edik u f m? 'kw,
d tBudrw f iG f
(5) ESpftxd wdk;Edkifonf/ oufwrf;wdk;rIrsm;tm; KAD \ BudKwifcGifhjyK
csuf&,lum KAD onf A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkif
rsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmajr aumfrwD\ FPIC wdkYESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD;?
cGifhjyKcsuf ay;?ray; qHk;jzwfoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
ESifhywfoufNyD; rnfonfh oufwrf;ukefqHk;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) oufwrf;
wdk;jcif;udkrqdk rSwfyHkwifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.7.8/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh udkifaqmifxm;olonf ol (odkYr[kwf) olr\
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; (odkYr[kwf) þrl0g'wGif csrSwf
ajr,mrl0g' 51
xm;onfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh pnf;rsOf;rsm;twGuf jy|mef;csufrsm;tm;
emcHjcif;r&Sdygu KAD onf A[dkajr,maumfrwD? toHk;csydkifcGifh udkif
aqmifxm;olESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&Gm
ajraumfrwDESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; ydkifqdkifcGifhtm; zsufodrf;Edkifonf/
zsufodrf;rIjzpfyGm;ygu ¤if;tm;oufqdkifonfh rSwfyHkwifXmewGif rSwf
wrf;wifxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhonf pD;yGm;a&;
(odkYr[kwf) vkyfief;wcktwGufjzpfNyD; ¤if;ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyf
ief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\
vlrIa&;ESifha*[aA'qdkif&m toHk;0ifrIrsm;tm; jznfhqnf;ay;rIESifh
xdckdufcHpm;&onfh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; vlrIzlvHka&;twGuf yHhydk;
ay;rIwdkY tcsdefrSef pwifjyKvkyfjcif; r&Sdygu (odkYr[kwf) qufwdkuf
xkwfvkyfrIrsm; rjyKvkyfyguvnf; KAD onf ajr,moHk;pGJydkifcGifhtm;
zsufodrf;Edkifonf/
3.7.9/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh
obm0 o,HZmwrsm;wGif 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifhonf
A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;ESifh rd½dk;zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm;\ FPIC wdkYjzifh aqG;aEG;wdkifjcif;jzifhKNU tmPmydkif
rsm;u tav;ay;xm;onfhtcsdKUaom tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh
taxGaxG uefYowfcsufESifh wm;jrpfcsufrsm;tay:rlwnfonf/ ¤if;wdkY
xJwGif atmufazmfjyygtcsufrsm; yg0ifonf/
 ajratmuf&dS wGif;xGufo,HZmwrsm;tm; azmfjyygtcsufrsm;ESifh
udkufnDvsif wl;azmfcGifh&dSonf- (1) rdkif;wl;azmfjcif;tm; rdkif;wl;
azmfjcif;ESihf ywf0ef;usiEf iS yhf wfoufonfh Oya'qdik &f m vdt
k yfcsuw
f Ykd
ESifhtnD aqmif&Gufjcif;? (2) ajr,moHk;pGJydkifcGifh udkifaqmifxm;ol
onf ajrvTmtm; rnfonfhtaESmuft,SufrsdK;rS rjzpfapbJ toHk;cs
jcif;? (3) toHk;csydkifcGifhtm; udkifaqmifxm;oludk rdkif;wGif;vkyfief;
aMumifh ajr\ ajrvTm (odkYr[kwf) ajrqDvTmtajctaewdkYtay:
xdcdkufrI&SdcJhygu jyefvnf jyKjyifay;jcif;? qHk;½HI;oGm;onfh ajr,m
toHk;csydkifcGifh (odkYr[kwf) wefzdk;rsm;tm; jyefavsmfjcif;/
 KFD \ BudKwifcGifhjyKcsufrygbJ uRef;opfESifh tjcm;tvm;wl
wefzdk;&Sdonfh opfrsm;tm; ckwfvSJjcif;rS wm;jrpfjcif;ESifh KFD \
tusdK;oufa&mufaom pnf;rsOf;rsm;tm; vdkufemjcif;/
3.7.10/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;u wGi;f xGuyf pön;f rsm; xkw,f rl I (odYk r[kw)f
opfESifhtjcm; obm0o,HZmwrsm; (odkYr[kwf) pdkufysdK;oD;ESHrsm;qdkif&m
toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;udk cGJa0onfhtcgwGif toHk;cscGifhrsm; xdkcdkufepfem
oGm;aom vlxktodkif;t0dkif;onf xGufvmonfh tjrwftpGef;rS &mcdkif
EIef;wckcktm; A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr
[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwDESifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG;NyD; a'ocHvlxk todkif;t
0dkif;\ trsm;qEÉSifhtnD oufqdkif&mXme\ qHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; &&Sd
oifhonf/
3.7.11/ jynfolrsm;\ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifhywfoufaom tcGifh
ta&;rsm;ESifh uefYowfcsufrsm;onf þrl0g'\ a,bk,s arQmfrSef;csuf
ESifh tajccHrlwdkYtay: woa0rwdrf; rlwnfonfomru EdkifiHwum
vlYtcGifhta&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;tay:rlwnfum aemufqHk;wGif BudKwif
umuG,fa&;qdkif&m tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;tay:rlwnfonf/ ¤if;ESihf
ywfoufonfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;rSm -
 rdkif;wGif;vkyfief;? opfxkwfvkyfa&;ESifh tjcm;tvm;wl vkyfaqmifrI
rsm;aMumifh trsm;ydkifajrrsm;tay: usa&mufvmEdkifonfh qdk;usdK;rsm;
xHrS umuG,fay;jcif;ESifh?
 Oya'u w&m;0iftodtrSwfrjyKao;onfh rd½dk;zvmt&ESifh w&m;
0if r[kwfao;onfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tygt0if? vlrIa&;t&
w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tay: rdkif;wGif;vkyfief;? opf
xkwfvkyfa&; (odkYr[kwf) tjcm;o,HZmw xkwfvkyfa&; aqmif&Guf
ajr,mrl0g' 53
csufrsm;aMumifh rnfonfhqdk;usdK;rS rusa&mufvmap&ef aqmif&Guf
jcif;wdkY jzpfonf/
3.7.12/ KAD xHrS ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; &&Sdaomolonf taxGaxGESifh
oD;jcm;vlrIa&;ESifh a*[aA'qdkif&m aumif;usdK;wdkYtm; yHhydk;ay;onfh
a'owGif;tpm;tpm xkwfvkyfonfh pepfrsm;ESifh aexdkifrI"avhrsm;udk
jznfqh nf;axmufyahH y;&efvtkd yfonf/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;u tpm;tpm
rvHkavmufrI umvwcktm; aMujimcJhvQif toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; cGJa0
onfhtcgwGif v,f,mvkyfief;tm; t"durvkyfudkifolrsm; (odkYr[kwf)
v,f,mvkyfief; vkyfudkifEdkifolrsm;r&Sdonfh rdom;pktwGif;wGif trsdK;o
rD;rsm;ESifh uav;oli,frsm;uJhodkYaom rdrdbmomrdrd tpm;tpmrsm;
r&SmEdkifolwdkYtm; OD;pm;ay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
3.7.13/ þrl0g'yg jy|mef;rIrsm;tm; qefYusifonfh toH;k csydik cf iG rhf sm;tm;
toHk;cscGifhrsm; udkifaqmifolwOD;u vTJajymif;xm;onfudk KAD u awGU
&Syd gu today;NyD; taMumif;jycsufrsm;tm; Mum;emNyD;onft h cg ajr,m?
opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0 o,HZmw
rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh ol (odkYr[kwf) olr\ ajr,mtoHk;csydkifcGifhudk
qdik ;f iHx f rd ;f jcif;rsm;tm; KAD u jyKvkyo
h m;jcif; (odYk r[kw)f ½kyo f mG ;Edik Nf yD;
rnfonfhktoHk;csydkifcGifhrqdk vkyfaqmifonfhtcg csdK;azmufrI&SdcJhygu
KAD u tqHk;owfEdkifonf/
tydk'f 3.8/ oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfqdkí tusdK;wl yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom pdkufysdK;a&;

(Contract Farming)
3.8.1/ v,form;rsm;twGuf tEÅ&m,ftenf;qH;k jzpf&efEiS hf tusdK;tjrwf
trsm;qHk; &&Sdap&ef KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf w&m;0if oabmwlpmcsKyf
csKyfqdkí tusdK;wl yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom pdkufysdK;a&;tm; apmifhMunfh
ppfaq;NyD; xdef;n§d&ef vdkonf/
3.8.2/ v,form;rsm;onf a'otwGif;yGJpm;rsm;ESifh aiGacs;olrsm;tay:
tm;ud;k jcif;jzifh jrifrh m;onft
h wd;k EIe;f rsm;rS rvdt
k yfonfh tEÅ&m,frsm;ESihf
ta<u;oHo&mwdk;yGm;jcif;rsm; rjzpfap&ef KNU tmPmydkifrsm;rS v,f
orm;wdkYtm; vG,fulpGm vufvSrf;rDEdkifonfh aiGacs;rIrsm; jyKvkyfay;oifh
onf/
3.8.3/ ajr,mtoHk;csjcif;tay: tkyfcsKyfrIESihfywfoufonfh aemufxyf
Oya'rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm; jyXmef;onfhtcgwGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf
A[d k a jr,maumf r wD r S w qif h ]oabmwlpmcsKyf csKyfqdkí tusdK;wl
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom pdkufysdK;a&;} qdkif&mudpöudk qufvufavhvm&
rnf/ xdYk tjyif oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfqí kd tusKd ;wly;l aygif;aqmif&u
G af om
pdkufysdK;a&;tm; aqmif&GufonfhtcgwGif v,form;rsm;twGuf tusdK;
tjrwf&adS pNyD; Edik if w
H um vlYtcGit
hf a&; Oya'ESihf tjcm;pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;
atmuf&Sd wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; todtrSwfjyK? umuG,fay;NyD; jznfh
qnf;ay;&eftwGuf aocsmatmifaqmif&Guf&rnf/
tydk'f 3.9/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (Investment)

3.9.1/ pdkufysdK;a&;u@wGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHonfh KNU tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh
aus;&Gmvlxk tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf tdraf xmifpwk ckcsif;pD\ o,HZmwrsdK;pHk
(obm0? vlom;qdkif&m? vlrIa&;? ,Ofaus;rI? ½kyf0w¬KESifh b@ma&;
qdkif&mwdkY yg0ifonf) ESifhoufqdkifonfh uwdu0wfrsm;yg0ifonf/
¤if;wdkYonf Oyrmtm;jzifh - ajrqDajrMoZmaumif;&ef t&nftaoG;
jr§ifhjcif;? ,Ofaus;rI"avhrsm;ESifh usifhpOfrsm;tm; xdef;odrf;jcif;?
tem*wf aus;vufvli,frsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf;rsm; azmfxkwfjcif;
ponfjzifh trsm;tusdK;udk taxmuftuljyKaponf/ okdYjzpfí pdkufysdK;
ajr,mrl0g' 55
a&;u@wGif &if;ESD;jr§yfESHjcif;onf tjrwftpGef;wck &&Sd&eftwGuf
rwnfaiGrsm; yHhydk;jcif;udpöomrubJ tjcm;udpörsm;pGmvnf; yg0if
onf/
3.9.2/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhvlrIa&; w&m;rQwrI? vuf&SdESifhtem*wf vlrIzlvHk
a&;? vlrIa&;qdkif&m jyefvnfxkwfay;EdkifpGrf; t&nftaoG;wdkYtwGuf
ta&;ygonfht&mrsm;udk vspfvsL½Iaom? BuD;rm;onfh a*[aA'qdkif&m
tusdK;rsm;aMumifh avsmhusvmapaom trsm;jynfolydkif (odkYr[kwf)
yk*¾vdu &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIonf a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJrnf[k oufrSwfí
r&ay/
3.9.3/ wm0efodod aqmif&Gufonfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;onf xdcdkufrIr&Sd
apbJ w&m;0ifajr,mydkifqdkifcGifh udkifaqmifolrsm; ydkifqdkifrIqHk;½HI;jcif;ESifh
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m xdcdkufrIrsm;rS tumtuG,fay;NyD; vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;
tm;vnf; av;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf þrl0g'\ arQmfrSef;csuf
rsm;ESifh &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk taxmuftuljzpfap&ef? qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI
yaysmuf&ef? tpm;tpm zlvHk&ef? ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;?
a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; a&&SnfwnfwHhpGm
toHk;csEdkif&ef? tdrfaxmifpkwckcsif;ESihf aus;&Gmvlxk tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\
BuHUcdkifrIwdk;yGm;vmap&ef? jynfolrsm; arQmfrSef;onfh aus;vufzGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmap&ef? a'owGif; tpm;tpm xkwfvkyfa&;
pepfrsm; qufvuf&SifoefNyD; tm;aumif;vmap&ef? *kPfodu©m&Sdonfh
tvkyftudkifrsm;ESifh vpmrsm; &&SdMuap&ef? aus;vufvlaerIb0rsm;
wnfaqmuf&efESifh EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&;rlrsm;ESifh pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;
xdef;odrf;oGm;Edkif&efwdkYtm; &&Sd&ef BudK;yrf;oGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
3.9.4/ þrl0g'onf tjyKoabmaqmifonfh pdkufysdK;a&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI
rsm;tm; OD;pm;ay;NyD; ¤if;wdkYrSm ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;? qif;&JEGrf;yg;ol
rsm;ESifh ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh aus;&Gmvlxk tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; pD;yGm;
a&;t& tvm;tvm&Sdonfht&mrsm;? a*[aA't& tqifajyNyD;
,Ofaus;rIt& oifhawmfonfh "avhrsm;tm; tajccHonfh tem*wf
aus;vufa'otm; wnfaqmufonfhtcgwGif OD;pm;ay;NyD; ajr,m?
opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0 o,HZmw
rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifhwdkYtm;
av;pm;onfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;tm; OD;pm;ay;onf/
3.9.5/ KAD onf ajr,maumfrwDESifh aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0kdif;ESifh
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; a'owGif; wdkif;&if;
om;rsm;\ todynm? rd½dk;zvm v,f,m"avhESifh tjcm; ]taumif;qH;k
"avhrsm;} yg0ifonfh v,form;rsm;\ udk,fydkif&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;tm;
axmufyHh? umuG,fNyD; tm;jznfhay;onfh aumfol;avtwGif;&Sd v,f,m
pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m trsm;jynfol &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;tm; OD;pm;ay;?
OD ; aqmif N yD ; tm;ay;jcif ; ud k jyKvk y f o G m ;rnf jzpf o nf / tqd k y g
taumif;qHk;"avhrsm;rSm -
 ysdK;yifrsm; a&maESmjcif;? toD;tESHrsm;ESifh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;
pdkufysdK;jcif;? pyg;tm; wckwnf;aom ysdK;yiftjzpf rSDcdkjcif;rS
trsdK;rsdK; ajymif;vJ pdkufysdK;jcif;ESifh
 xkwfvkyftm;? ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m tusdK;oufa&mufrI? ajrqDvTm
ajymif;vJEdkifrIESifh tpm;tpmxkwfvkyfa&;pepfrsm;tm; ydkrdkaumif;rGef
vmap&ef azmfxkwfxm;onfh a*[pdkufysdK;a&;ESifh v,f,menf;
ynmrsm;tm; a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKjcif;/
3.9.6/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf KAD? A[dkajr,maumfrwD? a'owGif;
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;? aus;&GmajraumfrwDwdkYESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;
tzGJUrsm;ESifhtwl aumfol;avESifh pdkufysdK;a&;aqmif&Gufaeaomolrsm;
twGuf a*[pdkufysdK;a&; taumif;qHk;"avhrsm;tm; ydkrdkwdk;wufvG,f
apaom vkyfief;pOfwGifyg0ifaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 57
3.9.7/ oifah vsmfNyD; þrl0g'\ azmfjyyg arQmfreS ;f csuf? OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESihf
tajccHrlrsm;ESifhtnD KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf A[dkajr,maumfrwDrS
wqihf rd½dk;zvmt&tmPmydkifrsm; odkYr[kwf aus;&GmajraumfrwDESihf
n§dEdIif;wkdifyifí zGHUNzdK;a&; pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh ueOD; aqmif&GufcsufwdkY\
yHkpHjzifh BuD;rm;onfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;tm; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Edkifonf/
xdkodkYaom BuD;rm;onfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESihf zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh
ueOD;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;\ jzpfEdkifajcESifhoifhawmfrIwdkYtm; KAD onf
teD;uyf apmihfMunfhoGm;NyD; A[dkajr,maumfrwD? rd½dk;zvmt& tmPm
ydkifrsm;ESifh aus;&GmajraumfrwDwdkYESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyif yl;aygif; aqmif&Guf
um qHk;jzwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf KNU ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m xdef;
odrf; apmifha&Smufa&;aumfrwD (KNU EPC) \axmufcHcsuf&,l &rnf
jzpfNyD; ¤if;tm; KNU \ ueOD; ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m oHk;oyfcsufESifh ywf
0ef;usifqdkif&m tusdK;oufa&mufrItm; tuJjzwfjcif; vkyfief;pOfESifh
zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; avhvmoHk;oyfrI rl0g'wdkYESifhtnD jyKvkyfoGm;rnf
jzpfonf/
3.9.8/ rnfonfh BuD;rm;aom&if;ES;D jr§KyfErHS I (odYkr[kw)f zGUH NzdK;a&;pDru
H ed ;f rsm;
rpwifrD KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf A[dkajr,maumfrwDrSwqifh KNU
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufa&;aumfrwD (KNU EPC) \
axmufcHcsufjzihf KNU \ ueOD; ywf0ef;usifqdkif&moHk;oyfcsufESifh
ywf0ef;usifqikd &f m tusdK;oufa&mufrt I m; tuJjzwfjcif; vkyif ef;pOfEiS hf
zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; avhvmoHk;oyfrI rl0g'wdkYESifhtnD jyKvkyfoGm;NyD; oD;
jcm;ywf0ef;usif? vlrIa&;? usef;rma&;ESifh vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&m xdcdkuf
rIrsm;tm; tuJjzwfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyo
f mG ;um &v'frsm;udk us,u f s,jf yefYjyefY
trsm;odap&efaqmif&GufNyD; ]EdkifiHwum txdtcdkuf tuJjzwfrItoif;}
(IAIA) u &Hzef&HcgcsrSwfonfh pHEIef;rsm;ESihftnD aqmif&GufoGm;rnf jzpf
onf/
3.9.9/ IAIA pHEIef;rsm;ESifh KNU EPC \ ueOD; ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m oHk;oyf
csufESifh ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m tusdK;oufa&mufrItm; tuJjzwfjcif; vkyf
ief;pOfwdkYESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf vdktyfcsuf\e,fy,ftm; uefY
owfcsufrsm; rjyKvkyfbJ xdcdkufrItm;tuJjzwfjcif; vkyfief;pOfwGif
yg0if&rnfrsm;rSm (u) vkyfief;pOfwavQmufwGif trsm;jynfol yg0if
jcif;? (c) vuf&Sdaqmif&Gufaeonfh (odkYr[kwf) aqmif&Guf&ef pDpOfae
onfh pDrHudef;rsm;\ tjcm;jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonfh xdcdkufrIrsm;\ pkpkaygif;
yrmPtm; qef;ppfavhvmjcif;? (*) pDrHudef;\ ukefusp&dwfESifh tusdK;
tjrwfrsm;ESihf ywfoufonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh &nf&G,fxm;
onfh tusdK;tjrwfrsm; taotcsm&&Sdap&ef enf;vrf;rsm;? (C)
xdcdkufrI &SdEdkifonfh jynfolrsm;onf vkyfief;pOfwavQmufwGif ¤if;wdkY\
tjrifrsm;tm; xkwfazmf&eftwGuf enf;vrf;rsm;yg0ifonf/
3.9.10/ BudKwifívGwfvyfpGm today;aom oabmwlcGifhjyKcsuf (FPIC)
rygbJ jynfolrsm; (odkYr[kwf) vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;\ tdrfaxmifpk
wckcsif;pD (odkYr[kwf) tpkvdkuf ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; usL;ausmf
xdyg;Edik o f nfh odYk r[kwf 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufEikd o
f nfh rnfonf&h ifE;DS jr§KyfErHS I
(odkYr[kwf) zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;rsdK;udkrS a&hSquf&ef cGifhjyKrnfr[kwfyg/
jynfolrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ vGwfvyfpGmtoday;aom oabmwlnDcGihf r&
&SdbJ ae&mrsm;rS twif;t"r®a&TUajymif;apjcif;rsm;jzpfapEdkifonfh rnfodkY
aom &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (odkYr[kwf) zGHUNzdK;rI pDrHudef;rsdK;tm; a&SUquf&ef
cGifhjyKrnf r[kwfyg/ A[dkajr,maumfrwD? aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;ESifh
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifwdkY\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh KNU \ ueOD;
ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m tuJjzwfjcif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m tusdK;ouf
a&mufrItm; qef;ppfjcif; vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; avh
vmoHk;oyfrI rl0g'wdkYESifhtnD KNU ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m xdef;odrf;apmifh
a&Smufa&;aumfrwD (KNU EPC) \ axmufcHcsuf&&Sdxm;onfh &if;ESD;
jr§KyfESHrI (odkYr[kwf) zGHUNzdK;rI pDrHudef;rsm;udkom qufvufvkyfaqmif&ef
cGifhjyKrnf jzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 59
3.9.11/ ywf0ef;usiEf iS fh vlraI &;qdik &f m qef;ppfjcif; vkyif ef;pOfrsm;taejzifh
uGJjym;onfh ajrESifh opfawmtrsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh toHk;csrIrsm; (Oyrm
- xdef;odrf;uefYowfxm;onfh ajr,m? trsm;jynfolydkifajr? bHkajr?
tp&Sdonfh) twdkif; ajrwdkif;wmrIwGif xdcdkufrI&Sdonfh ajr{&d,mtm;
tao;pdwf azmfjyoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ xdkodkYaom xdcdkufrIqdkif&m qef;ppf
avhvmrIrsm;tm; zwfívG,fNyD; ajr,mtus,ft0ef;e,fedrdwfESifh
umve,fedrdwfrsm;tm; jrifomatmif jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/
3.9.12/ jyefvnfae&mcscHxm;&olESifhôdkYr[kwf ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
qHk;½HI;ol (odkYr[kwf) ¤if;wdkY\toufrsm;? vlaerIb0rsm;? usef;rma&;?
,Ofaus;rI (odkYr[kwf) rd½dk;zvmqdkif&m wefzdk;rsm; (odkYr[kwf) vlxk
todkif;t0dkif;qdkif&m cHpm;csufwdkYtay: usa&mufvmonfh qdk;usdK;rsm;
cHpm;cJh&aom olwOD; (odkYr[kwf) vlxktzGJUtpnf;tm; rQwpGm xnfh
oGi;f pOf;pm;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/ &if;ES;D jr§KyfErHS I (odYk r[kw)f zGUH NzdK;rIprD u
H ed ;f
(odkYr[kwf) ueOD;aqmif&GufcsufwdkYxHrS (odkYr[kwf) ywfoufí jzpfay:
vmaom tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;tm; w&m;a&;qdkif&m jyefvnfoHk;oyfrIrsm;
jyKvkyfrnfjzpfonf/
3.9.13/ &if;ES;D jr§KyfErHS aI Mumifh xdcu
kd rf 'I Pfuckd cH &hJ aom vlxt
k odik ;f t0dik ;f
rsm;onf oufqdkif&mXmersm;? A[dkajr,maumfrwD? a'ocHtmPmydkif
rsm;ESifh xdcdkufcH&onfh&Gmom;rsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;wkdifyifNyD; KNU tmPmydkif
rsm;u qHk;jzwfonfhtwdkif; tjrwf&mcdkifEIef; wckck&&Sdrnf jzpfonf/
3.9.14/ zGHUNzdK;a&;? ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m? vlrIa&;? usef;rma&;ESifh vlYtcGifh
ta&; xdcdkufrIESihf ywfoufaom (KNU EPC) \ zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; avh
vm oHk;oyfrI rl0g' odkYr[kwfoufqdkif&m Oya' odkYr[kwf rl0g'rsm;tm;
vdkufemjcif;r&Sdygu rnfonhf BuD;rm;aom &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (odkYr[kwf)
zGHUNzdK;rIpDrHudef; (odkYr[kwf) ueOD; aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udkrS qufvuf
vkyfaqmifcGifhay;rnf r[kwfyg/
3.9.15/ zGHUNzdK;rIpDrHudef;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef urf;vSrf;xm;onfh zufpyfvkyfief;
rsm;onf A[dkajr,maumfrwD? aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;ESifh rd½dk;
zvmt& tmPmydik rf sm;rSwqifh KNU tmPmydik rf sm;xHrS BudKwifciG jhf yKcsuf
,l&rnf jzpfonf/ atmufygtcsurf sm;udk qef;ppf&ef awmif;qdck suo f nf
A[dak jr,maumfrwD? KNU EPC? aus;&GmajraumfrwDrsm;ESihf rd½;kd zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm;twGuf vHkavmufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ryg
vQif tqdkyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm; cGifhjyKrnfr[kwf/ tqdkyg qef;ppfrI
rsm;wGif (u) udpö&yfrsm;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef
zufpyfvyk if ef;ESiyhf wfoufonfh owfrw S cf surf sm;? (c) þzufpyfvyk if ef;
\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;aMumifh trsm;qHk;xdcdkufEdkifajc&Sdaom jynfolrsm;
twGuf urf;vSrf;xm;onfh tusdK;tjrwfrsm;ESifh (*) KNU zGHUNzdK;a&;
pDru
H ed ;f avhvmoH;k oyfrrI 0l g'ESihf ueOD; ywf0ef;usifqikd &f m oH;k oyfcsuf
ESifh ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m xdcdkufrItm; qef;ppfjcif; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;wdkY
ESifhtnD pDrHudef;onf KNU EPC \axmufcHcsuf &&Sdxm;aMumif;
twnfjyKcsuf ponfwdkYyg0ifonf/
3.9.16/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\ A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh KNU EPC rS
wqifhcsay;onfh axmufcHcsufrygbJ yk*¾vdu odkYr[kwf tmPmydkif
tzGJUtpnf;wckcktm; wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufíjzpfap zGHUNzdK;a&;
pDrHudef;twGuf zufpyfvkyfief;wckwGif 0ifa&mufyg0ifcGihf rjyK&/
3.9.17/ yk*¾vduodkYr[kwf tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;onf tjcm;EdkifiH
wckckrS vmonfjzpfygu A[dkajr,maumfrwDonf þrl0g'wGifazmfjy
xm;onfh vdktyfcsufrsm;tjyif txl;pnf;rsOf;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh
¤if;wdkY\ avQmufvTmtm; jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&rnf/ A[dk
ajr,maumfrwDonf KNU EPC ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh
n§dEdIif;aqG;aEG;NyD; txl;pnf;rsOf;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh jyefvnfoHk;oyf
jcif;qdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;tm; jzpfEdkifonfh tjrefqHk;tcsdeftwGif;
rnfonfhEdkifiHjcm;om; yk*dK¾ vf (odkYr[kwf) tzGJUtpnf;udkrS toHk;csydkifcGihf
ajr,mrl0g' 61
ray;rD azmfxw
k ?f owfrw
S Nf yD; us,fjyefYpmG trsm;odap&ef aqmif&u
G o
f mG ;
rnf jzpfonf/
3.9.18/ rnfonfh &if;ES;D jr§KyfErHS rI sm;ESiyfh wfoufonfh oabmwlncD surf sm;
wGifrqdk ¤if;wGifyg0ifonfh tm;vHk;\&ydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
tm; &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; oabmwlnDcsufyg owfrSwf
csufrsm;udkvnf; &Sif;vif;pGmowfrSwfxm;um ¤if;xJwGif ajymif;vJae
aom tajctaersm;tm; todtrSwfjyKonfhtaeESifh þrl0g'rS azmfjy
xm;aom arQmfrSef;csuf? OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh tajccHoabmw&m;t&
jyefvnfoHk;oyfcGifhESifh owfrSwfcsufrsm;tm; jyefvnfn§dEdIif;cGifhwdkY yg0if
&rnf jzpfonf/
tcef; 4/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;qdkif&m ajymif;vJrIrsm;
(Changes to Tenure Rights and DuƟes)
tydk'f 4.1/tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles)

4.1.1/ þtydkif;onf vuf&Sdwnf&SdqJtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYESifh
ywfoufonfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;? jyefvnfcGJa0
jcif;? ½kwfodrf;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) jyefvnfjyifqifjcif; tp&Sdonfh aqmif
&GufrIrsm;aMumifh a½TUajymif;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;
rsm; jyKvkyfonfhtcgrsm;wGif ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifh
qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; pDrHtkyfcsKyfjcif;qdkif&m udprö sm;
tm; ajz&Sif;ay;onf/ þrl0g'\ arQmfrSef;csuf? OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh
tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ESifh qufEG,fonfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; jznfh
qnf;ay;&ef tqdkyg pDrHcsufrsm;tm; KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u taumif
txnf azmfaqmifoGm;rnf/
4.1.2/ EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD þrl0g'onf
ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;ESifh ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh aus;&Gmvlxk todkif;
t0dkif;rsm;\ 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifhtm; OD;pm;ay;onfh
vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhpepfrSwqifh aumif;aom
tkyfcsKyfa&;tm; tm;ay;ulnDyhHydk;ay;NyD; ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyf
ief;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;\ vlrIa&;ESifh a*[aA'
qdik &f m toH;k 0ifrrI sm;tm; tom;ay;xm;onf/ þrl0g' &nf&, G of nfrmS
aumfol;av&Sd vlrItzGJU0ifrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf vlYtcGifhta&;rsm; &&Sda&;?
ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;? a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJrnfh vlaerI
b0rsm; &&Sad &;ESihf w&m;rQwNyD; Nidr;f csrf;onft
h em*wf &&Sad &;wdYk twGuf
ajr,mrl0g' 63
vIHYaqmfNyD; jr§ifhwifay;&ef jzpfonf/
4.1.3/ rnfonfhajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrS rjynfhpHkyg/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtm;vHk;
tm; vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;? tjcm;olrsm;\ 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;
csydkifcGifh? þrl0g'\ arQmfrSef;csuf? OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh tajccH oabm
w&m;wdkYESifhtnD trsm;jynfoltwGuf vdktyfaom KNU tmPm
ydkifrsm;\ ta&;,laqmif&GufrIrsm;jzifh uefYowfxm;onf/ ¤if;ta&;,l
aqmif&u G rf rI sm;tm; 'Dru
kd a&pDusus Oya'ESit hf nD? trsm;aumif;usKd ;tm;
jr§iwhf ifvo kd nfh wckwnf;aom &nf&, G cf sujf zifh Edik if w
H umvlYtcGit
hf a&;
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESihftnD aqmif&GufoGm;&rnf jzpfonf/ ajr,mvkyfydkif
cGifhrsm;tm; wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESihf xdef;n§dxm;NyD; xdktxJwGif ajr,m?
opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm;
a&&Snf umuG,fay;jcif;ESihf a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJonfh toHk;csjcif;rsm;
yg0ifonf/
4.1.4/ þrl0g'twGif;wGif azmfxkwfxm;onfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh jyef
vnfae&mcsxm;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) vTJajymif;jcif;tm; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;
onfhtcgwdkif; KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf xdcdkufEdkifrnfh ajr,mvkyfydkif
cGifh udkifaqmifxm;oltm;vHk;ESifh t"dyÜm,ftjynfht0&Sdonfh aqG;aEG;
wdkifyifrIrsm; jyKvkyfrnfjzpfNyD; rnfonfhpDrHudef; rpwifrD (odkYr[kwf)
Oya' (odkYr[kwf) tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mta&;,lrIrsm;tm; rjyKvkyfcif
¤if;wkdY\ FPIC tm; &,l&ef jzpfonf/ aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;ESifh qHk;jzwf
csufcsjcif;qdkif&m vkyfief;pOfrsm;tm; rnfonfhtaESmuft,SufrS rygbJ
pDpOfoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; &Sif;vif;íwm0ef,lonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzifh aqmif
&Gufum EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ESifhtnD
taumiftxnf azmfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
4.1.5/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;wGif rnfonfh tajymif;tvJrsm; rjyKvkyfrD
KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf oD;jcm;ywf0ef;usif? vlrIa&;? usef;rma&;ESifh
vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&m xdcdkufrIrsm;tm; tuJjzwfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfoGm;NyD;
tqdkyg &v'frsm;udk þrl0g'\vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;? wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESihf KNU EPC \zGHUNzdK;a&; pDrHudef;avhvmoHk;oyfrI
rl0g'ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ueOD; ywf0ef;usifqdkif&moHk;oyfcsufESifh ywf0ef;usif
qdkif&m tusdK;oufa&mufrItm; tuJjzwfjcif; vkyfief;pOfwdkYESifhtnDESifh
]Edik if w
H um txdtcdu k tf uJjzwfrI toif;} (IAIA ) u &Hzef&cH gcsrSwo f nfh
pHEeI ;f rsm;ESit
fh nD xnfo
h iG ;f toH;k csomG ;rnfjzpfonf/ txdtcdu k rf sm;tm;
qef;ppfrIrsm;xJwGifyg0ifonfrSm (u) vkyfief;pOfwavQmufwGif trsm;
jynfol yg0ifjcif;? (c) vuf&Sdaqmif&Gufaeonfh (odkYr[kwf) aqmif&Guf
&ef pDpOfaeonfh pDrHudef;rsm;\ tjcm;jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonfh xdcdkufrIrsm;\
pkpak ygif;yrmPtm; qef;ppfavhvmjcif;? (*) pDru H ed ;f \ ukeu
f sp&dwEf iS hf
tusdK;tjrwfrsm;ESihfywfoufonfh tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh &nf&G,fxm;
onfh tusdK;tjrwfrsm; taotcsm&&Sdap&ef enf;vrf;rsm;? (C)tusdK;
oufa&mufrI&Sdonfh jynfolrsm;onf vkyfief;pOfwavQmufwGif ¤if;wdkY
\ tjrifrsm;tm; azmfxkwfjcif;wdkY jzpfonf/
4.1.6/ ,Ofaus;rI? bmoma&;ESihf ywf0ef;usiq
f ikd &f m ta&;ygaomae&mrsm;
(odkYr[kwf) ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh
obm0o,HZmwrsm;onf qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;? ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;
(odkYr[kwf) ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm;\ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;twGuf
ta&;BuD;aomtcgrsm;wGif ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhESifhywfoufonfh rnfonfh
ajymif;vJrIrsdK;S rjyKvkyfrD þrl0g'wGifazmfjyxm;onfh arQmfrSef;csuf?
OD;wnfcsufrsm;? tajccHrlrsm;ESifh tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ESifhtnD
oHk;oyfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
tydk'f 4.2/ avsmfaMu;ay;jcif; (ResƟtuƟon)

4.2.1/ aumfol;av&Sd jynfoltrsm;pkonf ppf\ab;'PfESihf tjcm;
taMumif;rsm;aMumifh ¤if;wdkY\qE´rygbJ a&TUajymif;jcif;cHMu&NyD; tcsdKU
rSm 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh jynfwGif;xGufajy; wdrf;a&Smifae&olrsm; (IDPs)
tjzpfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;Muonfudk todtrSwfjyKxm;MuNyD; jzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 65
tcsdKU tajctaersm;wGif ¤if;wdkY\ aetdrfrsm;ESifhajr,mrsm;tm; vm
a&muf aexdik o
f rl sm;ESihf topf0ifvmolrsm;u 0ifa&mufNyD; aexkid af eMu
onf/
4.2.2/ þrl0g'rSjyKvkyaf om (odYk r[kw)f cGijhf yKxm;aom 0ifa&mufaexdik f
cGifhESifh toHk;cscGifhrsm;tm; EdkifiHwumrS todtrSwfjyKxm;aom Pinheiro
Principles ESifhtnD pDrHtkyfcsKyfoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; IDP rsm;\ t"du&ydkifcGihf
jzpfaom ¤if;wdkY\ajr,mrsm; jyefvnf&&Sda&;tm; xnfhwGufoGm;rnf
jzpfonf/ þrl0g'&Sd t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;tm; Pinheiro Principles
ESifhtnD usifhoHk;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/
4.2.3/ jzpfEikd o
f rQ qH;k ½H;I olrsm;xH (odYk r[kw)f ¤if;wdYk \ tarGqufco
H rl sm;
xH rlvydkifqdkifrIrsm;tm; jyefvnfay;tyfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ rlvydkifqdkif
rIrsm;tm; jyefray;Edik o f nfh tcgrsKd ;wGif KAD onf A[dak jr,maumfrwDEiS hf
aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; a'ocH tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh xdcdkufcHpm;&onfh aus;&Gm
vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ trsm;oabmqE´jzifh oifhawmfonfh tpm;xdk;rI
jyKvkyfay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
4.2.4/ rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifhjzpfap rdrdrlvae&mrsm;xHodkY jyefroGm;
Edkifaom olrsm;twGuf tpm;xdk;toHk;cs&ef KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf
NrdKUe,frsm;rS tjcm;ajrrsm;udk csefxm;ay;rnf/ trsm;oabmqE´qdkif&m
vkyif ef;pOftm; KAD ESihf A[dak jr,maumfrwDwYkd onf a'ocHr½d ;kd zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm;? jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmonfh IDP rsm;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcs
ay;jcif;cH&rnfh 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; NrdKUe,ftqifhwGif
aqmif&Guf ay;&rnfjzpfonf/
4.2.5/ vuf&Sd0ifa&mufaexdkifrI r&Sdaomfvnf; ,ciftoHk;csrI&SdNyD; rlv
aexdkifolrsm; r&SdawmhonfhtcgwGif ajrtm; pdkufysdK;a&;t& xkwfvkyfrI
qufvuf&Sdaeap&efESifh teD;tem;&Sd toHk;csvdkolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufudk
jznfhqnf;ay;&ef KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ajr,m toHk;csydkifcGihfrsm;tm;
xdkae&mrsm;wGif ,m,D vTJajymif;cGifhtmPm&SdNyD; þudpw
ö Gifrl jyefa&muf
vmonfh IDP rsm;ESifh 'ku©onfrsm;udkqdkvdkonf/
,m,DtoHk;cscGifh udkifaqmifxm;ol\ toHk;csydkifcGifhoufwrf;
(trsm;qHk; ESpf 20) rukefqHk;rD rlvaexdkifolonf jyefa&muf&Sdvmygu
KAD onf A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifum rd½dk;zvmt&
tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rlvaexkdifolwdkY\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh ,m,DtoHk;csydkifcGifh
udkifaqmifxm;olwdkY\ oufwrf;rukefqHk;rD rlvydkif&Sifrsm;twGuf
oifhawmfonfh tpm;xdk;ajruGuftm;&Smay;rnfjzpfonf/odkYaomf rlv
aexdkifolonf ,m,D oHk;pGJcGifh&xm;ol ay;aqmifonfh ajrcGefrsm;tm;
&,lydkifcGifh&SdNyD; rlvaexdkifolrsm; jyefa&mufrvmrDtxd xdktcGefrsm;udk
KAD tm; ay;aqmif&onf/
4.2.6/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf avsmfaMu;ay;aqmifjcif;ESihfywfouf
NyD; vkyfief;pOfrsm; jyKvkyf&mwGif vdifcGJjcm;rIr&SdbJ &Sif;vif;NyD; yGifhvif;
jrifompGm aqmif&Guf&rnf/ avsmfaMu;ay;onfh vkyfief;pOfESifh ywfouf
aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk oufqdkif&m bmompum;jzifh us,fjyefYpGm
jzefYjzL;ay;&rnf/ vkyfief;pOfwavQmuf avsmfaMu;awmif;qdkolrsm;tm;
¤if;wGif w&m;a&;qdkif&mESifh ¤if;ESifhqufEG,fonfh taxmuftulrsm;
tygt0if vHkavmufonfh yHhydk;rIrsm;axmufyHhay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;\ wdk;wufrItm; trsm;odap&ef aMujimay;&
rnf/
4.2.7/ jynforl sm;\qEÉiS vfh t
dk yfcsufrsm;udk taumif;qH;k xif[yfonfh
avsmfaMu; ay;aqmifjcif; vkyfief;pOftm; tmrcHEdkif&eftwGuf rd½dk;zvm
t& tmPmydik rf sm;ESifh t&yfbufvYl tzGUJ tpnf;qdik &f m tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\
yg0ifvkyfaqmifrI ,Eå&m;tm; KNU u jznfhqnf;ay;rnf jzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 67
tydk'f 4.3/ jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif; (Redistribution)
4.3.1/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0
o,HZmwrsm;tm; vufvSrf;rrDaomaMumifh tm½Hkpl;pdkufrI jrifhrm;NyD;
aus;vufqif;&JEGrf;yg;rItqifh ododomomrsm;aom ae&mrsm;wGif
jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;qdkif&m jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;onf þajr,mrl0g'\
tajccHarQmfrSef;csufESifh OD;wnfcsufrsm; jznfhqnf;Edkifjcif;twGuf ta&;
BuD;onfh aqmif&GufrIwck jzpfEdkifonf/ jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;tm; aqmif
&Gu&f mwGif vlYtcGit hf a&;rsm;tm; umuG,?f av;pm;NyD; jznfqh nf;ay;onfh
enf;vrf;jzifh EdkifiHwum vlYtcGifhta&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESihftnD aqmif
&GufoGm;&rnf jzpfonf/ jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;onf aus;vufwGif
aexdkifvkyfudkifaeaom qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;ESifh ajr,mrydkifqdkifolrsm;?
ajr,mydkifqdkifrI a&a&&m&m r&Sdolrsm;? ab;z,fcHxm;&olrsm;ESifh ckcHEdkif
pGrf; r&Sdolrsm;ESihf vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; OD;pm;ay;rnfjzpfNyD; ajr
,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0 o,HZmw
rsm;tm; vufvSrf;rDjcif;wGif trsdK;om;ESifhtrsdK;orD;rsm;tm; nDrQpGm
&&Sdjcif;udk tmrcHay;rnfjzpfonf/
4.3.2/ rnfonfhjyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;rsdK;rqdk rjyKvkyfrD KNU tmPmydkif
rsm;onf OD;wnfcsuf rsm;tm; &Sif;vif;pGmt"dyÜm,fzGifhNyD; us,fjyefYpGm
trsm;odatmifaMujimum rnfonhfae&mrsm;wGif jyefvnfcGJa0jcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfoGm;rnfqdkonfudkvnf; &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjy&rnf jzpfonf/
tdrfNcHajrrsm;&Smaeonfh rdom;pkrsm;? trsdK;orD;rsm;? w&m;0if
r[kwfonfh tajcpdkuf aexdkifolrsm;? wd&dpämefxdef;ausmif;olrsm;?
ordkif;wavQmuf tESdrfcHxm;&onfhtkyfpkrsm;? ab;z,fcHxm;&aom
tkyfpkrsm;? vli,frsm;? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;? oD;ESHaumufolrsm;ESifh
tao;pm; tpm;tpmxkwfvkyfolrsm;uJhodkYaom tusdK;cHpm;&olrsm;tm;
&Sif;vif;pGm t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkxm;NyD; þtcsuftvufudk us,fjyefYpGm
vltrsm;odatmif aMujimxm;&rnf jzpfonf/
4.3.3/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf t&yfbufvlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihf rd½dk;
zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;\ vrf;nTefrItm;jzifh jyefvnfcGJa0ay;a&;
vkyfief;pOfESifh &v'frsm;tm; a&&Snf wnfwHhcdkifNrJap&ef&Sif;vif;onfh
rl0g'rsm;ESihf pDrcH sufrsm;tm; azmfxw k Nf yD; taumiftxnf azmfomG ;&rnf
jzpfonf/ jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;aMumifh&&Sdonfh 0ifa&muf aexdkifcGifhESifh
toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;jzpfaom ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifhquf
pyfonfh obm0 o,HZmwrsm;rS vHkavmufonfh vlaerItqifhtwef;
&&Sdap&ef KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf aus;&Gmvlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;? tpk
vduk f (odYkr[kw)f tdraf xmifpw k ckcsi;f pD uJo
h Ykdaom tusKd ;cHpm;&olrsm;tm;
taxmuftulay;aom rl0g'rsm;ESifh pDrHcsufrsm;tm; taumiftxnf
azmfaqmifay;rnfjzpfonf/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;onf jyefvnfcaJG 0ay;jcif;
qdik &f m jyKjyifajymif;vJrrI sm;\ arQmfreS ;f xm;onfh tusdK;oufa&mufrrI sm;
&&Sdjcif;ESifh a&&Snf wnfwHhcdkifNrJjcif;wdkYtm; t[efYtwm;jzpfapEdkifonfh
rl0g'rsm;tm; jyefvnfjyifqifrnf jzpfonf/
4.3.4/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYtaumiftxnf azmfaqmifonfh
rnfonfh ajr,m jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;onf tusdK;cHpm;&olrsm;u
vdktyfaom tultnDrsm;udk tjynhft0 yHhydk;ay;oGm;&ef aocsmatmif
aqmif&Gufrnf/ tqdkygtultnDrsm;wGif acs;aiGrsm;? oD;ESH tmrcHrI?
oGif;tm;pkrsm;? aps;uGufrsm;? aus;vufa'otxd enf;ynmqdkif&m
tultnDrsm;? v,f,mwdk;wufrIESifh aetdrfrsm; ponfwdkYtm; vuf
vSrf;rDapjcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/
taxmuftyHh 0efaqmifrIrsm;\ ukefusp&dwfrsm; tygt0if
jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif; yPmr ajcvSrf;rsm;ESihf pDrHcsufrsm;\ tjynfht0
ukefusp&dwftm; BudKwifowfrSwfNyD; oufqdkifonfh bwf*sufxJwGif
xnfhoGif;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/
4.3.5/ rvdkvm;tyfonfh a<u;NrDrsm;r&Sdap&efESifh ydkufqHacs;olrsm;
odkYr[kwf yGJpm;rsm; tay: rSDcdkrIuif;ap&eftvdkYiSm KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u
ajr,mrl0g' 69
pdkufysdK;a&;txGufEIef; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmap&ef acs;aiGrsm; xkwfay;jcif;
tm; oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;u qufvuf
aqG;aEG;oGm;&ef vdktyfonf/
4.3.6/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf yGifhvif;jrifomNyD; tm;vHk;yg0ifEdkifum
wm0ef,lrI&Sdonfh enf;vrf;ESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;jzifh jyefvnfcGJa0
ay;jcif;qdkif&m jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;tm; taumiftxnf azmfaqmifoGm;
rnf jzpfonf/ xdcdkufcHpm;&oltm;vHk;onf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfh jynfhpHkNyD; &Sif;vif;aomtcsuftvufrsm; &&SdrnfjzpfNyD;
rSefuefonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESihf w&m;rQwonfh epfemaMu;rsm; ay;oGm;
rnf jzpfonf/ tusdK;cHpm;&olrsm;tm; yGifhvif;onfhtpDtpOfrsm;jzifh
a&G;cs,foGm;rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkYonf vlod&SifMum; rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfh
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; &&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ajz&Sif;&ef
enf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf; vufvSrf;rDEdkif&ef aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
4.3.7/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ¤if;\jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif; tpDtpOf
rsm;ESifh ueOD; ajcvSrf;rsm;\ &v'frsm;tm; apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;
tuJjzwfoGm;rnfjzpfum ¤if;ESihf qufpyfonfh axmufyHha&;rl0g'rsm;ESifh
ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0
o,HZmwrsm;? trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;rsm; ESpfOD;pvHk;\ tpm;tpm
vHkNcHKrI? vlYtcGifhta&;? ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m usef;rma&;ESifh ZD0rsdK;uGJrsm;
tm; vufvSrf;rDEdkifjcif;tay: xdkrl0g'rsm;\ tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;
udkvnf; apmihfMunfh? avhvm? tuJjzwf oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ vdktyfonfh
tcgrsm;wGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf jyefvnfwnfhrwf ay;onfh
ta&;,l aqmif&GufrIrsm; jyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
4.3.8/ jynforl sm;\qEÉiS vfh tdk yfcsufrsm;udk taumif;qH;k xif[yfonfh
ajr,m jyefvnfcGJa0jcif;tm; tmrcHEdkif&eftwGuf rd½dk;zvmt& tmPm
ydkifrsm;ESihf t&yfbuf vlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ yg0ifvkyf
aqmifrI ,EÅ&m;tm; KNU u jznfhqnf;ay;rnfjzpfonf/
tydk'f 4.4/ ½kwfodrf;jcif; (Rescission)
4.4.1/ tcGeaf y;&ef ysufuu G af omaMumifh odr;f ,laomajr,mrsm; tygt
0if trsm;tusdK;tvdkYiSm odrf;,laom ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;?
a&ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0 o,HZmwrsm;tjyif cGifhjyKNyD;? rSwfyHkwif
xm;um rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfh ajr,m0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;cs
ydik cf iG rhf sm;tm; jyefvnf½w
k of rd ;f &efEiS hf z,f&mS ;&ef KNU tmPmydik rf sm;\
vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmonf ]½kyfodrf;jcif; tmPm} (the “Rescission Power”)
wGif yg0ifonf/
4.4.2/ KAD onf A[dak jr,maumfrwD\ aqG;aEG;wdik yf if? yl;aygif;yg0ifrI
ESifh rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifwdkY\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh ¤if;½kyfodrf;cGihf
tmPmudk usio hf ;kH oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; xdu
k o hJ Ykdusio
hf ;kH &mwGif Oya'vkyif ef;pOf
twdkif; aqmif&GufNyD; ¤if;wGif rQwpGmtoday;jcif;ESifh ½kyfodrf;jcif; rjyK
vkyfrD Mum;emcGifhay;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ þtrdefYtmPmatmufwGif
ajr,m vkyfydkifcGifhay;&mwGif þrl0g'u jy|mef;xm;onfh vkyfydkifcGifh
rsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonf/
odYkjzpfí tqdyk gvdt k yfcsurf sm;tm; csKd ;azmufaomaMumifh jzpfay:vmaom
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;onf rnfonfhtzGJUudkrQ
epfemaMu;&ydkifcGifh ay;rnfr[kwfyg/
4.4.3/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0
o,HZmwrsm;wGif ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhwdkYonf KNU tmPmydkifrsm; vuf
xJodkY ¤if;\½kyfodrf;jcif;tmPmjzifh a&muf&SdoGm;onfhtcg KNU tmPm
ydik rf sm;onf 0ifa&mufaexdik o
f El iS hf toH;k csoltopfrsm;tm; owfrw
S Nf yD;
OD;pm;ay;&ef tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm;oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkYtwGuf tqdkyg
tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; jyefvnfcGJa0ay;jcif;onf EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&;
pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm; ESifhtnD þrl0g'\ azmfjyxm;aom arQmfrSef;csuf? &nf
&G,fcsufrsm;? OD;wnfcsufrsm;tm; jr§ifhwifjznfhqnf;oGm;&efjzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 71
4.4.4/ ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0
o,HZmwrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;onf þrl0g'\
azmfjyxm;aom arQmfrSef;csuf? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh OD;wnfcsufrsm;tm;
EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESihftnD
jr§ifhwifjznfhqnf;&ef vdktyfonfhtcgrsm;wGifom KNU tmPmydkifrsm;
onf ¤if;\jyefvnf½kwfodrf;jcif;tmPmudk usifhoHk;rnfjzpfonf/
þrl0g't& w&m;0if ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh udkifaqmifxm;oltm;vHk;?
txl;ojzifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;ol? ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&SdolESifh ab;z,fcHxm;&aom
tkyfpkrsm;udk av;pm;Mu&rnfjzpfNyD; xdkodkYaqmif&GufonfhtcgwGif
tenf;qHk;vdktyfonfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udkom&,ljcif;ESifh rSefuefpGm
w&m;rQwonfh avsmfaMu;ay;jcif;rsm;udk rqdkif;rwG jyKvkyf&rnf
jzpfonf/
4.4.5/ jyefvnf½kwfodrf;jcif;twGuf tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh vkyfief;pOf
vkyfaqmifjcif;onf yGifhvif;jrifomNyD; tm;vHk;yg0ifEdkif&ef KNU tmPm
ydkifrsm;u aocsmatmif jyKvkyf&rnf jzpfonf/ xdcdkufEdkifajc&Sdol rnfol
rqdktm; azmfxkwfNyD; rSefuefpGmtaMumif;Mum;um tqifhwdkif;wGif
aqG;aEG;wdik yf ifomG ;&rnf/ Edik if w
H umvlYtcGit
hf a&; tajccHoabmw&m;
rsm;ESifhtnD aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfonfhtcgrsm;wGif trsm;
jynfoltusdK;twGuf &&SdEdkifrnfh tjcm;jzpfEdkifajcenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhywf
oufonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tm; jznfhqnf;ay;&rnfjzpfNyD;
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;tm; taESmuft,Sufay;rIudk tenf;qHk;jzpf
atmif r[mAsL[mrsm;tm; toHk;csoGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
4.4.6/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;onfr½d ;kd zvmt& tmPmydik rf sm;\ oabmwl
nDcsufESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifrIjzifh EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;?
pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifhtnD rQwNyD; vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifonfh wefzdk;jzwf
jcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzpfap&ef aocsmatmif aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfNyD; wdkif;
&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh tjcm;rd½dk;zvmt& ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh pepfrsm;
twGuf vlrIa&;? ,Ofaus;rI? bmoma&;ESifh ,HkMunfcsuf? pD;yGm;a&;?
ywf0ef;usifESifh EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m wefzdk;rsm;&Sdaom ajr,m? opfawmrsm;?
a&vkyfief;? a&ESifhqufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;udkvnf; wdus
jywfom;pGm xnfo h iG ;f pOf;pm;&rnf/ KNU tmPmydik rf sm;u þvkyif ef;pOf
aMumifh ay:xGufvmaom &v'frsm;twdkif; rQwonfhavsmfaMu;tm;
apmvsifpGm&&dSap&ef aocsmatmif aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfNyD;? ¤if;xJwGif
qufEG,fonfh ae&mjyefvnfcsxm;a&;ESifh ¤if;ESifhywfoufonfhukefus
p&dwfrsm;yg yg0ifonf/
4.4.7/ ajr,m? a&vkyfief;ESifh opfawmrsm; odrf;,ljcif;onf trsm;jynf
ol aumif;usdK;twGuf avsmfuefygu tpdk;&onf z,f&Sm;jcif; aqmif
&Gufonfhtcgrsm;ESifh xdcdkufcHpm;&onfholrsm;tm; udkifwG,fonfhtcg
rsm;wGif EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifh pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh
tnD aqmif&GufrnfjzpfNyD; vlYtcGifhta&;tm; av;pm;? umuG,fum
jznfhqnf;ay;&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&GufoGm;rnf jzpf
onf/
4.4.8/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf yk*¾dKvfwOD;csif;ESifh vlxktodkif;t0dkif;
rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ xkwfvkyfa&;t&if;tjrpfrsm; qHk;½HI;apEdkifaom
ajr,mtoHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; z,f&Sm;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) a½TUajymif;jcif;rsm;
rjyKvkyfrD z,f&Sm;&jcif;tm; a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&efESifh jzpfEdkiforQ enf;yg;&ef
twGuf xdcdkufcHpm;&olrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&m
enf;vrf;rsm;tm; avhvmazmfxkwfoGm;rnf/
4.4.9/ z,f&Sm;jcif;ESifh a½TUajymif;jcif;rsm;onf vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;
csdK;azmuf&m a&mufaponfh ¤if;yk*K¾d vfrsm;tm; td;k rJth rd rf hJ jzpfomG ;apjcif;
(odkYr[kwf) ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdolrsm; jzpfoGm;apjcif;rsm; rjzpfap&/ xdcdkuf
cH&olrsm;onf rdrdudk,frdrd rjznfhqnf;ay;EdkifonfhtcgrsdK;wGif KNU
tmPmydkifrsm;onf vHkavmufaom tjcm;enf;vrf;jzpfonfh aetdrf
aqmufay;jcif;? jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif; odkYr[kwf ajr,m? a&vkyfief;?
ajr,mrl0g' 73
opfawm tp&Sdonfh xkwfvkyfrIrsm;tm; vufvSrf;rDEdkifonfh oifhavsmf
aom aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf/
4.4.10/ ajr,m? a&vkyfief;? opfawmrsm;tm; tpDtpOfajymif;rIaMumifh
rvdktyfawmhonfh tcgrsdK;rsm;wGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf rlvvkyfydkif
cGihfudkifaqmifxm;olrsm;tm; ¤if;t&if;tjrpfrsm; jyefvnf&&Sda&;twGuf
yxrOD;qHk;OD;pm;ay;rI jyKvkyfay;oifhonf/ xdkodkYaom udprö sdK;wGif ae&m
ajymif;a½TUcHcJh&jcif;twGuf rnfrQavsmfaMu;&cJhonfqdkonftm; xnfh
oGif; pOf;pm;&rnf jzpfonf/
tydk'f 4.5/ jyefvnfjyifqifjcif; (Readjustment)

4.5.1/ oifhawmfonfhtcgrsdK;rsm;wGif KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf tpm;
tpm zlvHkrIESifh aus;vufzGHUNzdK;rIwdkYtm; a&&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJonfhyHkpH
jzihf jr§ifhwifjcif;wdkYtygt0if &SdNyD;om; ajruGufrsm; odkYr[kwf ajriSm;cs
xm;aomajrrsm;\ tqiftjyifESifh toHk;jyKjcif;wdkYudk wdk;wufaumif;
rGefap&ef (odkYr[kwf) vdkvm;tyfonfh trsm;jynfolESifhqdkifaom tajccH
taqmufttHkrsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif aqmif&Guf&ef ajruGufrsm; odkYr
[kwf ajriSm;csxm;aom ajrrsm;tm; jyefvnfjyifqifjcif;rsm;twGuf
ajr,mrsm;tm; pkpnf;jcif;? tvJtvS,frsm; jyKvkyfjcif; (odkYr[kwf)
tjcm; rdrdqE´jzifh jyKvkyfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;tm; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;Edkif
onf/
4.5.2/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI tm;vHk;onf EdkifiH
wum vlYtcGifhta&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;? pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh vdkufavsmnD
axGrI&Sdap&ef aocsmatmifjyKvkyf&rnfjzpfNyD; 0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh
toHk;csydkifcGifh xdcdkufepfemolwdkYrsm;onf jyifqifrIrsm; jyKvkyfNyD;onfh
tcgwGif ,ciftajctaeESifhenf;wl aumif;rGefpGm&Sdaejcif;tm; aocsm
ap&ef aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
4.5.3/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf jyefvnfjyifqifonfh pDrHudef;rsm;
jyKvkyfonfhtcgwGif þrl0g'\ azmfjyxm;aom OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESifh
vdtk yfcsufrsm;ESit
hf nD aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef oifah vsmfaom tumtuG,rf sm;
wnfaqmufay;&rnf/ pDrHudef;xdcdkufEdkifajc&Sdonfh rnfhonfh yk*dK¾ vfrsm;
(odkYr[kwf) vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;udkrqdk qufoG,fNyD; oufqdkif&m
bmompum;jzifh oifhawmfonfh owif;tcsuftvuftm;vHk;jzifh jznfh
qnf;ay;&rnf/ enf;ynmqdkif&mESifhw&m;a&;qdkif&m taxmuftyHh
rsm;vnf; jznfhqnf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;\ tcGifh
ta&;rsm;tm; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;NyD; tm;vHk;yg0ifrI&Sdaom vdifcGJjcm;rI
r&Sdonfh csOf;uyfonfhyHkpHrsdK;rsm;tm; toHk;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/ ZD0rsdK;uGJ
rsm; ysufqD;jcif;ESifhqHk;½HI;jcif;wdkYtm; wm;qD;umuG,f&ef (odkYr[kwf)
xdcu kd rf t
I enf;qH;k jzpfap&ef ywf0ef;usiq f ikd &f m wm;qD;umuG,af y;rIrsm;
xm;&Sd&rnfjzpfNyD; aumif;aomajr,mpDrHcefYcGJrI? taumif;qHk; "avh
rsm;ESifh ajr,mazmf,ljcif;rsm; jzpfaponfh ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk axmufyHhay;
&rnfjzpfonf/
tydk'f 4.6/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (Investment)

4.6.1/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ajr,m0ifa&mufaexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;cs
ydkifcGifhESifh ywfoufonfh BuD;rm;aom vTJajymif;jcif;rsm; rvdktyfonfh
odkYr[kwf ray:aygufaponfh xkwfvkyfrIESifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyHkpHrsm;udk
aomfvnf;aumif;? ajr,mydkifqdkifcGihf udkifaqmifxm;olrsm; rdrdwdkY\
ajr,mrsm;udk rnfuJhodkYoHk;rnfqdkonfESifh rnfonfhtwGufoHk;rnf qdk
onfwdkYtm; qHk;jzwfydkifcGifhtmPm qHk;½HI;rIrsm; rvdktyfonfh (odkYr[kwf)
ray:aygufaponfh xkwfvkyfrIESifh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIyHkpHrsm;udk aomfvnf;
aumif; jr§ifhwifay;rnfjzpfonf/
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wkdY\vlxktodkif;t0dkif;rsm;ESifh
ajr,mrl0g' 75
ywfoufonft h cgrsm;wGif KNU tmPmydik rf sm;onf vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf I
tm;vHk;tm; vGwfvyfaomEdkifiHrsm;&Sd wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;ESifhrsdK;EG,f
pkrsm;qdkif&m tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;tzGJUcsKyf (ILO) EdkifiHwum
oabmwlpmcsKyf Oya'trSwf(169) ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;\ tcGifh
ta&;rsm;qdkif&m ukvor*¾ aMujimcsufyg wm0ef0wå&m;wdkYESifhtnD
jyKvkyfoGm;&rnf jzpfonf/
4.6.2/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;onf tdrfaxmifpkwckcsif; (odkYr[kwf) tpkvdkuf
wdkY\ ajr,m0ifa&muf aexdkifcGifhESifh toHk;csydkifcGifh BuD;rm;aom vTJ
ajymif;rIrsm; jzpfyGm;Edkifajc&Sdygu KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf vlYtcGifhta&;
rsm;? ajr,mvkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;? tpm;tpmvHNk cHKrIEiS hf vHak vmufonht
f pm;tpm
tpOftNrJ &&SdEdkifrI? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;? usef;rma&;ESifh ywf0ef;usif
wdkYtay: &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;aMumifh usa&mufEdkifonfh aumif;usdK;ESifh
qdk;usdK;rsm; ESifhywfoufonfh vGwfvyfaom BudKwifqef;ppfavhvmrI\
&v'frsm;udk vlod&SifMum; us,fjyefYpGm jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf/ "avh
xHk;wrf;t&ESifh w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,m vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tygt0if
vlrIa&;t& w&m;0ifaom ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;? vlaerIb0rsm;ESifh
ajr,mawmif;qdkrIrsm;tm; pepfwusazmfxkwfNyD; tumtuG,fay;&ef
KNU tmPmydkifrsm;u aqmif&Gufay;&rnfjzpfonf/ trsm;ydkifjzpfap?
yk*v¾ duydkifjzpfap &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;u vlrIa&;t&w&m;0ifaom ajr,m
vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;tm; tay;t,ljyKvkyjf cif; r&Sad p&ef KNU tmPmydik rf sm;wGif
wm0ef&Sdonf/
tcef; 5/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif;
(AdministraƟon of Tenure)
tydk'f 5.1/rSwfyHkwifjcif; (RegistraƟon)
5.1.1/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh rSwfyHkwifjcif;udk KAD \ BuD;MuyfrIESihf pDrH
cefYcGJrIatmufwGif KAD u tcgtm;avsmfpGm owfrSwfay;xm;onfh
aumfol;av&Sd ½Hk;cef;rsm;ü jyKvkyf&rnf jzpfonf/ rSwfyHkwif½Hk;wckcsif;pD
onf ¤if;tusHK;0ifaomae&mtwGuf þrl0g'\vdktyfcsuft& oifh
awmfonfh rSwyf wkH if½;kH wGif xde;f odr;f xm;&rnfh ajr,mESiyhf wfoufonfh
rSwfwrf;rsm; tm;vHk;twGuf xm;&Sdonfhae&mjzpf&rnf/
5.1.2/ rSwfyHkwif½Hk;cef;wckcsif;pDwGif oufqdkif&m½Hk;rS tusHK;0ifonfh
tNrJwrf; aemufqHk;taetxm;tm;jyonhf ajryHkudk xm;&Sd&rnfjzpfNyD;
¤if;ajryHkwGif xdef;odrf;uefYowfxm;onfhajr,m? bHkajrESifh trsm;ydkifajr
uJhodkYaom a&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;onfh toHk;jyKrIrsm;ESifh cGifhjyKxm;onfh
ydkifqdkifcGifhESifhywfoufonfh wdusaomwnfae&mrsm;tm; azmfjyxm;
&rnf/
5.1.3/ rSwyf wkH if½;kH cef;wckcsif;pDwiG f ½H;k cef;odYk vma&mufjyKvkyx
f m;aom
ajr,mrSwfwrf;rsm;udk qef;ppfonfhtñTef;wck xm;&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/
rSwfyHkwif½Hk;cef;&Sd rSwfwrf;tm;vHk;onf trsm;jynfol 0ifa&mufMunhf½I
Edkifaom rSwfwrf;rsm;jzpfNyD; vHkNcHKNyD;? pepfwus xm;&Sd&rnfjzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 77
5.1.4/ KFD ESifh KAD wdkYonf A[dkajr,maumfrwDrSwqifh ¤if;wdkYESihf
oufqdkifonfh ae&mrsm;rS ajrae&mcsxm;rIrsm;ESifh toHk;csrIyHkpHrsdK;pHkwdkY
tm; cGifhjyK&ef qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom rSwfwrf;rsm; &SdapEdkif
&ef vdktyfovdk n§dEdIif;wdkifyifNyD; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufoGm;&rnf/
5.1.5/ rSwfyHkwif½Hk;cef;rsm;&Sd rSwfwrf;rsm;tm; u&ifbmomESifh Arm
bmom ESpfrsdK;pvHk;jzifh &&Sd&rnf/
kH ifaMu;rsm;tm; KAD u owfrw
5.1.6/ rSwyf w S rf nfjzpfNyD; rSwyf w
kH if½;kH \
ukd,fydkif&yfwnfrItm; taxmuftyHhay;Edkif&eftwGuf EIef;xm;rsm;tm;
owfrSwfrnfjzpfum yHkrSefrSwfyHkwifaMu;rsm; rwwfEdkifolrsm;twGuf
oufn§mcGifh (Waiver) rsm; pDrHay;rnf jzpfonf/
5.1.7/ rSwfyHkwif½Hk;rsm;onf ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tm; tusdK;oufa&muf
onfh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh rSwfwrf;rsm;twGuf
jynfhpHkpGm &&SdEdkifaomae&mrsm;jzpfvm&ef &nf&G,fonf/ odkYjzpfí
txl;wvnf&nf&G,fí azmfjyxm;onf jzpfap? razmfjyxm;onfjzpfap
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;\ rSwfwrf;
rsm;tm; oufqdkif&m rSwfyHkwif½Hk;rsm;wGif rSwfwrf;wifxm;&rnf jzpf
onf/
tydk'f 5.2/ wefzdk;jzwfjcif; (ValuaƟon)

5.2.1/ þrl0g'yg &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuf ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&
vkyfief;? a&ESifh qufpyfonfh obm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; wefzdk;jzwf
owfrSwfjcif;twGuf vkyfydkifcGifhESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;onf A[dkajr,m
aumfrwDwGif &Sdonf/ A[dkajr,maumfrwDonf KAD? jynfolrsm;ESifh
rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifí vuf&Sdrl0g'rsm;\
arQmfrSef;csuf? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh tajccHoabmw&m;wdkYESifhtnD KNU
tmPmydkifrsm;\ wefzdk;jzwfjcif; rl0g'tm; qHk;jzwf&ef pDrHudef;ESifh
vkyfief;pOfrsm; azmfxkwfNyD; aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
tydk'f 5.3/ tcGefaumufcHjcif; (TaxaƟon)

5.3.1/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;tm; ay;&ef&SdonfhtcGefrsm;udk w&m;0if
0ifa&mufaexdkifNyD; toHk;csaeaom ajr,mrsm;tay: wGufcsufoGm;rnf
jzpfNyD; toHk;cscGifh udkifaqmifxm;olrsdK;pHkwdkYu ay;oGif;&rnf jzpf
onf/
5.3.2/ 0ifa&mufaexkdifNyD; toHk;csaeonfh ajr{&d,mtay: tajccHNyD;
tcGefrsm;tm; wGufcsufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
5.3.3/ ajr{&d,mtm; tajccHNyD; wGufcsufxm;onfh tcGefrsm;tjyif -
(u) vpfvyfaeonfh ajr,mtoHk;csydkifcGifh udkifaqmifxm;olrsm;ESifh
pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&m &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;\ rpdkufysdK;&ao;aom pdkufysdK;a&;
ajr,mrsm;twGuf tcGefaumufonfh tmPmydkifrsm;u pdkufrsdK;rI
rjyKvkyfonfhumvrsm;onf tvSnfhuspdkufysdK;jcif;\ ta&;BuD;onfh
tpdwftydkif; jzpfaomaMumifh awmif,mpdkufysdK;a&;orm;rsm;\ yvyfajr
rsm;tm; xdek nf;wl aqmif&u G íf r&Edik af omfvnf; oifah vsmfovdk "Weed
Tax" tm; wefzdk;jzwfEdkifonf/ (c) pdkufysdK;xm;onfh ajr,mrsm;twGuf
tcGefaumufonfh tmPmydkifrsm;onf tcGefrsm;tm; ajr{&d,m (odkYr
[kwf) xkwfvkyfjcif;wkdYtay: rlwnfí wefzdk;jzwfEdkifonf/
5.3.4/ tcGefrsm;tm; tcGefowfrSwfonfhumvtwGif;wGif wefzdk;jzwf
Edik Nf yD; tcGeaf umufco
H nfh tmPmydik rf sm; owfrw
S x
f m;onf tcsdeZf ,m;
t& ay;aqmif&rnfjzpfonf/ aumfol;av&Sd ae&mrsdK;pHkwdkYwGif a'o
wckESifhwck\ tajctaersm; rwlnDaomaMumifh tcGefaumufcHonfh
umvESihf tcsdefZ,m;rsm;onfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;rnfjzpfonf/
ajr,mrl0g' 79
5.3.5/ tcGefrsm; owfrSwf&mwGif tcGefaumufcHonfh umvwckcsif;\
tcGefEIef;xm;rsm;tm; tcGefaumufcHonfh tmPmydkifrsm;u tcg
tm;avsmfpGm owfrSwfoGm;rnf jzpfonf/
5.3.6/ tcGerf sm;ay;aqmifrt
I wGuf tcGeaf umufco
H nfh tmPmydik rf sm;\
qHk;jzwfcsuft& aiGom; (odkYr[kwf) &dwfodrf;csdefrS vuf&Sdaps;uGuf
t& oD;ESHwefzdk;jzifh aumufcHEdkifonf/
5.3.7/ ysdK;yifwrsdK;wnf;tm; us,fjyefYpGm pdkufonfhv,fajrrsm; ({u
20 txuf) tm; tcGefaumufcH&mwGif pkpkaygif;&dwfodrf;xm;onfh
yrmP\ ]ckepf} 7 &mckdifEIef;tm; KAD u aumufcHrnf/ tao;pm;
ydkifqdkifolrsm;? ysdK;yifrsm;tm; a&maxG;NyD; pdkufxm;onfh v,fajrrsm;tm;
KAD u tcGefaumufcH&mwGif tcGefaumufcHonfh tmPmydkifrsm;
owfrSwfonfhtwdkif; wESpfpD\ ajr,mt&G,ftpm;tm; tajccHí
aumufcHoGm;rnf jzpfonf/
5.3.8/ tcGefaumufcHonfh tmPmydkifrsm;onf oifhavsmfNyD; yGifhvif;jrif
omum w&m;rQwonfh tcGefaumufcHrIpepfudk taumiftxnfazmf&ef
oifah vsmfonfxifonft h wdik ;f yHpk rH sm;? pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESihf vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;
rsm; csrSwf&rnfjzpfonf/ xdktxJwGif jypfrIi,frsm;twGuf ay;aqmif
&rnfhEIef;ESifh ray;aqmif&ao;aom tcGefrsm;twGuf EIef;xm;rsm;
owfrSwfjcif;? avQmhayghrIawmif;qdk&ef epfemrI&Sdaom tcGefaqmifolrsm;
twGuf vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; owfrSwfjcif;ESifh tcGefrsm; raqmifjcif;
twGuf ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm; odrf;,ljcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/
tydk'f 5.4/ ae&mcsxm;a&;tpDtpOftm; xdef;nd§jcif;
(Regulated SpaƟal Planning)
5.4.1/ A[dkajr,maumfrwDonf jynfolrsm;ESihf rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkif
rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; aumfol;avwGif ajrae&mrsm; csxm;a&;
tpDtpOftm; xdef;nd§rI vdktyfonfhtcg qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef ESifh pepfus
NyD; yGifhvif;jrifompGm aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; apmvsifpGm þrl0g'yg OD;wnf
csufrsm;? tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ESifhtnD tqdkyg tpDtpOftm; azmf
xkwf&ef vkyfydkifcGifhESifh wm0ef0wå&m;&Sd&rnf jzpfonf/
tydk'f 5.5/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifhywfoufaom

tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;jcif;
(ResoluƟon of Tenure rights and Tenure Rights related
Disputes)
5.5.1/ þrl0g'tm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmifjcif;onf aus;&GmwckESifh
wcktMum; (odkYr[kwf) &GmtwGif;&Sd &Gmom;rsm;tMum; ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh
rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh tjiif;yGm;rItm; ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;rsm; vdktyfEdkif
onf/
5.5.2/ &Gmom;tcsif;csif;tMum; jzpfyGm;onfh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;tm;
wwfEdkiforQ ¤if;&Gm\ "avhxHk;wrf;rsm;ESifhtnD ajz&Sif;oGm;&rnf
jzpfonf/ rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;onf y#dyu©rsm;tm; ajz&Sif;Edkif
jcif; r&SdonfhtcgrsdK;wGif ½Gmom;rsm;onf oD;jcm;ajr,m y#dyu©rsm;tm;
ajz&Si;f &ef trIwrIcsi;f pDtwGuf zGUJ pnf;xm;aom ajr,my#dyu©ajz&Si;f a&;
aumfrwDxHodkY oGm;&rnf jzpfonf/ xdkaumfrwDtm; pkpkaygif; vl(5)
OD;rS (7)OD; (trsdK;orD;2-3) jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;NyD;- a'ocH rd½dk;zvmt&
tmPmydkif? aus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&; acgif;aqmif? KAWU tzGJU0if 1 OD;rS 2
ajr,mrl0g' 81
OD; (oifhawmfovdk)? trsdK;orD;tzGJUtpnf;ESifh vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS
udk,fpm;vS,fwOD;pDwdkYyg0ifonf/ oifhavQmfonfh pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&; tqifh
wGif KNU t&m&Sdrsm;ESihf aqG;EG;wdkifyifum &Gmom;rsm;onf yxr OD;qHk;
aus;&Gmtqifh&Sd tmPmydkifrsmudk csnf;uyfrnfjzpfonf/ ajz&Sif;rI
r&&SdcJhvQif trIudk aemufxyfwqifhjrifhonfh tkyfcsKyfa&;tqifhodkY quf
wufrnfjzpfonf/ þudpöwGif aus;&Gmtkyfpktqifh? jrdKUe,ftqifhESifh
c½dkiftqifhwdkYjzpfonf/ NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfrItqifhESifhtxufwGif &Gmom;
rsm;onf KAD \ w&m;0ifudk,fpm;jyKjcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\trItm; KNU
tmPmydik rf sm;\ w&m;½H;k pepfqo D Ykd wifoiG ;f rnf/ xko
d Ykdvyk af qmif&mwGif
usef&Sdonfh oufqdkif&mXmetm;vHk; (KJD? KFD? KMD? KFiD) yg0ifrnf
jzpfonf/ tkyfcsKyfrItqifhtm;vHk;wGif &Gmom;rsm;ESifh tmPmydkifrsm;onf
A[dkajr,maumfrwDESifh u&ifpdkufysdK;a&;tvkyform;rsm; or*¾ (KAWU)
wdkYESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
5.5.3/ aus;&Gmrsm;tMum; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifhpyfvQif;NyD; aumfol;av
tvkyform;or*¾rsm; tzGJUcsKyfatmufwGif xdcdkufcHpm;&onfh aus;&Gm
rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh u&ifpdkufysdK;a&; tvkyform;rsm; or*¾
(KAWU) rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifha'owGif; ajr,mtjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;a&;
aumfrwDwcktm; zGJUpnf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;aumfrwDonf twdkif;
twmwcktxd oufqdkif&m "avhxHk;wrf;Oya'rsm;udk toHk;jyKum ,SOf
NydKif awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tay: rQwrIESifh trsm;qE´&&Sd&ef BudK;yrf;&rnf/
trsm;oabmwlnDcsuftm; r&Edkifygu (odkYr[kwf) ¤if;uJhodkYaom or*¾
wck xdkNrdKUe,frsm;wGif r&Sdygu xdkudpötm; A[dkajr,maumfrwD? KAD
ESi^hf odYk r[kwf NrdKUe,ftqifh w&m;½H;k rsm;uJo
h Ykdaom tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Si;f a&;
aumfrwDwckckxH oGm;a&muf&rnfjzpfonf/
5.5.4/ tjiif;yGm;rItm;vHk;tm; rQwNyD; vdifcGJjcm;rIr&SdbJ vufvSrf;rDNyD;
tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;&ef wm0efay;tyfxm;aom tzGJU0ifrsm;onf rdrd
tusdK;pD;yGm;twGufr[kwfbJ ajz&Sif;oGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
5.5.5/ rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;? KAD ESifh A[dk ajr,maumfrwDwdkYu
ajz&Sif;ray;Edkifaom vltrsm;yg0ifonfh awmif;qdkrIESifh oufqdkifaom
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh tjiif;yGm;jcif;rsm;tm; NrdKUe,ftqifhw&m;½Hk;rS pwif&
rnfjzpfonf/ tjiif;yGm;rIwGif BuD;rm;onfhvkyfief; (odkYr[kwf) pD;yGm;
a&;pDrHudef;wck yg0ifaeygu ¤if;tjiif;yGm;rItm; tajz&Sm&ef c½dkift
qifh w&m;½Hk;ESifh xdkrSwqifh A[kdw&m;½Hk;qDodkY vTJajymif;ay;&rnf jzpf
onf/
5.5.6/ tjiif;yGm;rI\ ajz&Sif;jcif;vkyfief;pOfonf qdkif;iHhaeygu xdkt
jiif;yGm;rIjzpfaeonfh ajr,mESiyhf wfoufNyD; rnfonfah jr,mtoH;k csyikd cf iG hf
rS ay;tyfjcif; rjyKvkyf&yg/
ajr,mrl0g' 83
tcef; 6/ taumiftxnfazmfaqmifjcif;
(ImplementaƟon)
tydk'f 6.1/ oifwef;ydkYcsjcif; (Training)
6.1.1/ þrl0g'wGif yg0ifonft h aMumif;t&mrsm;tm; qufvuftaumif
txnf azmfaqmifoGm;&ef KNU tmPmydkifrsm;onf ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
aqG;aEG;wdkifyif&efESifh ajr,mrSwfyHkwifjcif;ESifhywfoufonfh oifwef;
rsm; ydkYcs&eftwGuf tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJoifhNyD; ¤if;wGif rSwfyHkwifjcif;udk
aqmif&Gufrnfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;ESifh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; jyifqifjcif;? ajryHkqGJjcif;
ESihf avhvmqef;ppfrrI sm; jyKvkyrf nfh 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf oifwef;tpDtpOf
rsm; yg0ifonf/
6.1.2/ BuD;rm;aom w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mydkifqdkifrIpepfwcktm;
ydkrdkw&m;0ifjzpfonfhpepfwckodkY ajymif;vJ&ef cufcJNyD;½IyfaxG;onfudk
todtrSwf jyKxm;onf/ odkYjzpfí jynfolrsm;tMum; ynma&;qdkif&m
pnf;½Hk;vIHYaqmfrIrsm; jyifqifjcif;ESifh aqmif&Gufjcif;tjyif yk*¾dKvf
wOD;csif; yg0ifvmatmifulnDay;&efESifh ydkrdkw&m;0ifonfh pepfwck\
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &Sdvmap&ef omref w&m;a&;taxmuftulay;ol
rsm;tm; oifwef;ay;jcif;twGuf tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;wdkYonf KNU
tmPmydkifrsm;\wm0efrsm; jzpfonf/
6.1.3/ o,HZmwrsm;u twdkif;twmwcktxd cGifhjyKxm;onfhtwdkif;
ajr,m? opfawmrsm;? a&vkyfief;rsm;ESihf a&wdkYtwGuf wm0ef&Sdonfh
t&nftcsif;&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf vlom;? ½kyf0w¬K? b@ma&;ESifh
tjcm;pGrf;aqmifrIrsm; &Sdap&efEdkifiHrsm;u aqmif&GufoGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhtm; pDrHtkyfcsKyf&eftwGuf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm;
vTJajymif;ay;onfhtcgrsm;wGif vufcH&&Sdolrsm;onf xkdwm0ef0wå&m;
rsm;tm;pGrf;aqmifEdkif&eftwGuf oifwef;rsm;ESifhtjcm;taxmuftyHh
rsm; &&Sdoifhonf/
tydk'f 6.2/ apmihfMunhfavhvmjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;

(Monitoring and EvaluaƟon)
67.2.1/ qufvufppkH rf;ppfaq;jcif;? tuJjzwfjcif;? apmifMh unfah vhvmjcif;
ESifh wHkYjyefjcif;rsm; vdktyfonfh udpörsm;vnf; obm0tavsmuf ay:
aygufvmrnfjzpfonf/ A[dkajr,maumfrwD\ ajr,mtjiif;yGm;rIqdkif
&m tvkyftrIaqmiftkyfpkonf OD;aqmifonfh tcef;u@udk,lNyD; rd½dk;
zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf; tzGJUrsm;ESifh yl;aygif; aqmif
&Gufum ajz&Sif;jcif;? apmifhMunhfavhvmjcif;rsm;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;
tm; vdktyfonfh udpörsm;tm; apmvsifpGm wkYHjyefoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
6.2.2/ EdkifiHrsm;onf tpm;tpmvHkNcHKrIESifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;rI yaysmufjcif;
wdkYtay: vdifcGJjcm;NyD;qufqHrI\ tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;ESihf vlrIa&;?
pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ywf0ef;usifqikd &f m OD;wnfcsufrsm;tay: tusdK;oufa&muf
rIrsm; tygt0if ajr,mcGJa0jcif;tpDtpOfrsm;\ &v'frsm;tm; apmifh
Munhfavhvm&rnfjzpfNyD; vdktyfygu jyefvnfwnfhrwfay;onfh ta&;
,l aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;vkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfonf/
6.2.3/ A[dkajr,maumfrwDonf KAD? rd½dk;zvmt& tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh
vlrItzGJUtpnf;tkyfpkrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufum ¤if;wdkY\wdkifwef;rI
ajr,mrl0g' 85
,EÅ&m;rSwqifh t*wdvdkufpm;jcif;tm; pGyfpGJrIrsm;twGuf tcsuftcsm
usonfhae&mjzpfonf/
ÀÀÀ
'DZifbm 2015 ckESpf

A[dktvkyftrIaqmif tpnf;ta0;rS jyefvnfjyifqif twnfjyKonf/
t*FvdyfpmvHk; twdkaumufrsm;
KNU - Karen National Union
KAD - Karen Agriculture Department
KFD - Karen Forestry Department
KJD - Karen Judicial Department
KFiD - Karen Fisheries Department
KAWU - Karen Agricultural Worker Union
DOI - Department of Interior
KNU EPC - KNU Environment Protector Committee
FPIC - Free, Prior and Informed Consent
IAIA - International Association for Impact Assessments
IDP - Internally Displaced Person
ajr,mrl0g' 87

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Knu Land Policy Burmese PDF

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autJef,l-u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t½kH;

tcef; 2/ taxGaxG rl0g'qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm; (General Policy Matters)..........21

tcef; 3/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;tm; todtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh

tcef; 4/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESihf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;qdkif&m

tcef; 5/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif; (Administration of Tenure) ............. 77

tcef; 6/ taumiftxnfazmfaqmifjcif; (Implementation) ........................... 84

1 ydk'fcGJ 1.4 &Sd t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkcsufrsm;wGifMunfh/

tydk'f 1.2/&nf&G,fcsuf (ObjecƟves)

tydk'f 1.3/ oabmobm0ESifhtwdkif;twm (Nature and Scope)

2 þrl0g'onf EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&; ud&d,mrsdK;pHkwdkYtm; udk;um;NyD; ¤if;wdkY

tydk'f 1.4/t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdkcsufrsm; (DefiniƟons)

3 tydk'f 1.4.4 wGif Munfh/

tydk'f 2.3/ vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;

tyd'k f 2.4/ ajr,mpDrt

tydk'f 3.1/ tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles)

tydk'f 3.2/ wm;qD;umuG,fay;jcif; (Safeguards)

tydk'f 3.3/ ]aumf}ajrrsm; (“Kaw” Lands)

tydk'f 3.4/w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifh (Informal Tenure)

tydk'f 3.5/ aus;&Gmajr (Village Lands)

tydk'f 3.6/ KNU tmPmydkifrsm;\ pDrHcefYcGJrIatmuf&Sd trsm;jynfol tusdK;

tydk'f 3.7/ toHk;csydkifcGifhrsm;tm; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;owfrSwfjcif;

tydk'f 3.8/ oabmwlpmcsKyfcsKyfqdkí tusdK;wl yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom pdkufysdK;a&;

tydk'f 3.9/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (Investment)

tydk'f 4.1/tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; (Basic Principles)

tydk'f 4.2/ avsmfaMu;ay;jcif; (ResƟtuƟon)

tydk'f 4.5/ jyefvnfjyifqifjcif; (Readjustment)

tydk'f 4.6/ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (Investment)

tydk'f 5.2/ wefzdk;jzwfjcif; (ValuaƟon)

tydk'f 5.3/ tcGefaumufcHjcif; (TaxaƟon)

tydk'f 5.5/ ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh ajr,mvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifhywfoufaom

tydk'f 6.2/ apmihfMunhfavhvmjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;

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