2017. Ne2 BONPOCHI A3KKO3HAHHA C./Pp.49—76 Voprosy Jazykoznanija BbIJ JM MPAHHAOEBPONEMCKHA A3bIKOM AKTHBHOFO CTPOA? ( THHOAOTHH HHAOeBPONeiicKOrO Hpas3BIKa)” ©2017 Koneranrun Pennaanesu Kpacyxin Muctutyr astixosnanna PAH, Mocksa, 119009, Poccuiickas Dexepannia; krasukh(@ B crarse paceaarpusaerea OGOCHOBAHHOCTS PeKOHCTPYKLHM B MpaHEWOCBpOTICHICKOM ASBIKE HEHOMI- HaruBHoro (9pratiiBHOro HIM AKTHBHOTO) CTpos MpesLIOWeHHA, OcHOBHEIe apryMeHTs! TaKOBM: GuHapHaM HatexHex OKONNAHHT, MepaHH GMHApHM potOB (OnyMEBTeHHIA pox nporHBoTOCTaBAAICA HeO-ty- MeBIEHHOMY), GHHAPHIM CHPALKEHILA, B PAMKAX KOTOPOTO MPOTHBONOCTABEHD! AKTHBHAS VS. HEAKTBHA mapamirsa, raronbitax (popsa zeficrana vs, cocTomta. KpoMe Toro, HexoTopsre Tarot o6pasyior naps, TPOTHBOMOCTABIIEHHBIE OAYIIERTEHHBIM H HEONYWEREHHBIM CyGbEKTAMH, OPFATHBHAN KOMCTPYKINA HI RECTHA B XETTCKOM s3EIKe. Op1HaKO CaM HO CeGe GUHAPIIM He SIRISIETEs NOCTATOMHIKIN OCHOBAHHEAL JUIS 10 KasaTembeToa JoHOMMHATHBTOTO MpoMtTOTO ABBA, YoMETaFOMMIECR FrarOM MpOTHBOMOCTANAeHEN MpeRTE RCETO JIEKCHMIECKHM 3HaKICHHEM, XeTTeKAs 2e 9PFATHBHAH KOHCTPYKUNA C MAEAHBIM CydpxpHEKCOM -ane- CKO- Pee AOKASKIBALT OTCYTCTBHE 9prarHBHOTO NALEAA B MpAHHLIOCSPOTIeHICKOM, TAK KAK B IPYTHX MELOEBPO- melickix sabikax TOT cychipHKe He HMceT NoLOGHOt yHKUII Kinowensite cosa: initoenponeiicKoe xsbtkonoe coctoanie, Mopipostorna HMenit, Mopiostorna raro:ta, PeKOHCTPYKUNA, 9prarHBHas KOHCTPYKUNA WAS PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN AN ACTIVE LANGUAGE? (towards the typology of PIE) Konstantin G. Krasukhin Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119019, Russian Federation; krasukh@mail.ru The article treats the reconstruction of non-nominative (ergative or active) structure of Proto-Indo-Buro- pean (PIE) syntax. The basic arguments are as follows: the double system of case endings (nominative vs. accusative); the primary double gender system in nouns (animate vs. inanimate nouns); double conjugations where the active and the inactive paradigms are opposed (or verbal forms of action vs, state). Moreover, there are some verbal pairs, differing by animate inanimate subject; and the ergative construction is attested Hittite. But the opposition of several verbs ‘be’, ‘stand’, fora non-nominative construction; the verbs in the pairs mentioned above differ in their lexical meaning, and the Hittite ergative with the case suffix -ant- can be rather regarded as evidence against the reconstruction ‘of non-nominative construction in PIE: this suffix does not have a similar function in any other IE branch. Keywords: ergative construction, nominal morphology, Proto-Indo-European, reconstruction, verbal morphology Coemaoit nanamu Hunens Jeiinaxoenes Tadsrcuesoii, Teopews Andpeesura Kiunooa u Myxaduna A6yOexuposuua Kyaxoea * Hceaenosanne Giuio nosuiepkano rpaxtrom IIpestizeura P®, npoexr Ne 01-06-9508, B 1998 r.M. A. Ky- Maxon aztyMaN BOspORHT cepmto «CpanKiHTTeMbHO-HCTOPHIECKOE HSYHEHHE AIEIKOB PAsHbIX cee, OC Hosantyto H. 3. Pajtxnesoli; no ero npoceGe # GbuIa HaNHeaHa AaRHaN paGora. K coxaTeHIHO, aMBiCen ¢ ocyitecrsitzes, [lpi noxrotoske cratbit K TevaTH A HOcTapasicA YHecT® HoByto aMTTepATypY.350 Bonpocer s3hkosHanns 2017. No2 1. Beegenne Timoresa 0 AoHOMHHATHBHOM MpOMLIOM rpaHiueBportelickoro s3H1KOBOTO CoCTOSHMA BENET navasio c 1901 1, Kora n axypuasie «ndogermanische Forschungen» 1osaisiach HeGombulas crarbst ronaxiqexoro sumreucra K, X, YaenGexa [1950]. YaenGex cpannunas uxtoesponelicKuii passin € HeKOTOPBIMHE KABKASCKHIMH, He HMes1a MCCTO 9PFArHBHAK KOHCTPYKUHA MpesIOKeHHS: CyOBEKT NepexogHoro raiarosia OOPNUICH HAE, HeM cyOBEKT HentepexosHOro; CyGBEKT HenepexosHoro Hrarona HsoMopheH mpaMomy OGEeKTY MepexosHoro. Onupasice Ha pacnpereneHne oKONAHH 8 Mpanizoesporcelicxom (*-s — noKazaTens HoMHHaTHRA HecpenHero pora, *-m /-Z — axxy3zaTiE HeCpeAHETO posta Ht HOMHBATHE-akKysaTHB cpeaHero), YiteHOek MpesTIONOAHLL, 470 B MpanHsIoEs- pontelicxom cymectnona 9prarueuntii crpoil npeasoxenus, npuses *-s smasuies excueli 7pra- TunHoro nasexa, *-m — adcomornoro, Haen YaenGexa nauuin noxtepaky 8 rpystax X, Menep- cena mA. Bajiana [Pedersen 1907; Vaillant 1936], nosanée — y Y. P. LImanserura [Schmalstieg 1980; HImamctur 1989], A. H. Canyerko [1967; 1974]. O nosMoxkHocrH Taxol peKOHCTpyKuUMHt ronoput uM. M. Tponickui [1967]. 3arem, 2 60—70-e rr. XX a. w paGorax I. A. Knnsona Gwin niccaeqonan mHoii THT 736IKa — akTHBHBLt. B ero paMKax MpoTHBoTocTapaamcs He Mepexog- HOCTb/ HeMepexO/HOCTS, @ AKTHBHOCTH / HeaKTHBHOCTE Parola; B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT STOO Mapa- Merpa ocymectanaaca BuiGop cyOnextunix noKasareneii [Kaumos 1973; 1977; 1983]. SIsnixon Toro Tuma HeMHOrO, HO KoMIMOB HpeAHOAOAL!, TO MHOTHE 9PraTHBHLLe H HOMHMATHBHBIE SKIKH, B TOM YHICHIE H MpAHTHLOEBPONEFICKHIt, & MIPOLLIOM AOIDKHBI ObLIM HMETb HMEHHO AKTHEHBI CTpOit npewioxenns, Hen T. A. Kannona Gbum noutepkanbt T. B. Tamkpemuise a Bay, Bc, Hanionsint [1984; 232—239], npetoanaMmMH HeTBHYIo peKoneTpyKUIIO MpaHsLoeRportelicKoro KaK AaKTHIA- Horo st3bIKA ¢ OTEIBHBIMH oprarHauiiMt sepranu, 1O. C. Crenanonsim [1989], pexouerpyupo- BABILIHM MPOLeCe MepexoNA HHOEHPOTIeHCKOTO AIbIKOBOTO COCTOSHHA OT AKTHBHONO CTPON K HO- MuNATHBHOMY. B MOWIepAKY PeKOHCTPYKUNH AKTHBHOFO CTPOS B MpAMHNOCRPOTICHiCKOM BKICKA- aninazea Taxae Y. @, Jlemar [Lehmann 1993]; ona npunsra w yeunxe P. C. I, Bexeea [Beekes 2011: 215]. AcHrMarneckitii HOMMHATHB e1, 4. BEKEC BBIBOAUT HS HHZOEBPOTTelicKOrO AGCOOT- Horo NaleKa, MoNAras, 410 9praTHe oKaHHBAIeA Ha *-os, TAKUM OOpaxoM, sIy4EE Beero OTA (exch coxpanmtach 8 reHHTHBe, Tora Kak aTeMaTHYecKHil HOMIMATHE AOMYCTHNT ee pexyKIUNO, Y. UImanserur [Schmalstieg 1984] roxe cunran dhaekemio renuTHma OKOHaKHEM 9praruna, Ho ero peKOHeTPyKUHs OTANMAETeH OF OGUIENPHHsTO!. To ero MHEHHIO, HHOeBpOTelicKas 9p- TATHBHAA KOHCTPYKUNS BOCNPOHSBORHTEH B TlaccHBe ¢ AYKTOPHANBHBIM NaeKOM. TAKHM OUT TeHHTHB, KOTOPBITi, ONHAKO, B GomBIMMHCTRE HHOEBpOTelicKUX ASEIKOR B ITO! dy! GbL 3a- MeHeH Ha HHCTpyMeHTams HM MpemToxHy10 KOHCTpyEKIUMO (s1a7, ab c aGmaTHBOM, TpeH. Hd ¢ re uurusom wT. 2,). Ipesunii rents coxpaumuica B aur. mdno kurta ‘muoii exenao’, nopouesno connaaaiouren ¢ ap.-nepe. mand kartam. Takase On $YHKUMONMPYeT IPH ANTOBCKUX raronaX, oGosaxaouNx noselicrane w3nHe: 2émé lietaiis primirko “semana HAMOK:A OT AOA WT. 2. Eure Gosee opurnianbHeiii BST Ha NpansAvesponelickyio 9prarHBHy!o KOHeTPyKILIHO puickasast K. Hnstbac [Shields 1982]: no ero mrenmo, & Heli mporHponocrapasies 9prarnn- uniii nagex ¢ nynenoii daexcueli (napuanr *-r, *-s) 1 aGcomoruntii ¢ -N. Stor nocneanuii, no Milenio anropa, nposRageTcs m dopMax KOCReHHBIX naxexeli Tuna Ap.-nna, daru ‘aepeno’ — pos. 11. ea. 4. drundh, vari ‘wona’ — post, 1. MH. 4. vdrindm; ws Hero %e PAsBHLIOCk OKOHAHHE axxysarupa *-m, Ho, BO-ICPBIX, £3bIK © HCMAPKHPOBBINIBIM 9PFaTHBHBIM 1ALCAOM 1 MAPK PORAHHKIM AGCOMOTHHIM RMITNAAUT THNOAOTHUCCKH YHHKALTKHBIM; RO-RTOPKIX, HeACHO, NOueMY IMCHHO OCHOBA KOCBEHHOTO NaLeAa AOIMKHA BOCKOHTS K (pOpMe AGCOSMOTHBA; B-TPETBHX, HH aoespontelickHit akky3aTHE ¢ OKOHMAHHEM *-m OGosHavAT BOBCE He NPsMOll OGbeKT, a npestes neiicrana [Gonda 1957; Tponexuii 1967; Kpacyxun 2005). Aprymenat xe Bexeca u UMaapetura pbiannalor noapwrkenna no caexyIouLIM HpHn- nam, Jlonrora riacHbix MOABIACTEH B HOMHHATHBE TOABKO Y HMEH HeEpeAHerO posa ¢ OcHO- BaMH Ha COMOPHBII H -nt-: rpes, Ze “pasRasbinare’— npHyacrHe M. p. Avery (< *lu-ont-s), ep. p. Avov (< *lu-ont-@). Bexec Reictynaet nporne oOmenpHHATO! TeopHH, COrMACHO KOTO poii Jonrora nlocaeaHero rHacHoro Mepe COHOPHEIM B HOMIHATHBE OOBACHSICTEH BBINAsLEHHEMK. 1. Kpacyxnnt 31 xonesnoro *-s. Ou ecautaeres na (bopsbt akpoctaruHecKHX reuuTHHOR THHa apn. (patir) dann, rpeu, dea(néeys) *(xo3ame) toma’ (dems), Ha 2.4. ex. 4, aTeMaTHUeeKHX raronos (sar. fers “THI Heceus’), Me HeT HH BHINALEHHA *-s, HH YUINHEHHA racHoro. Ho, KaK ormerit ff. 9. Pacmyc~ cen [Rasmussen 2001], hopsmposaine Hommuarnaa H akpocratHueckoro reiirriia — npoweccst pastoro spemenut, JloGanmo, sro rarombHas dopa Gsi1a Gone arrmorHuarunuoll B npann.0- esponeiicKom (b‘ér-mi < *b‘ér-me ‘HocuTesb-s"), B CBI C YeM Mopdemubiii HOB BOCTpHHH- asics Yerue, Ges onyuLenHa (bysnH [Kpacyxun 2013]', Takum oGpasom, aprymentst Bexeca He ONpOHepraior TpAMNHOHHOTO BINA Ha IPOHCXOAACHME HOMHHATHBA. Uro Kacaetes cRa3H MaccHRa H 9prarHRa, To, cormacno LIMamscrury, mpemtoxenne THA HT, Lietits primérké Zéme ‘low HaMOUNLI SEMIIHO" BBIBOAUTEH 13 CHHTATMBI ¢ MOUIEKALLLIM B aG- COuMOTHOM nagexe. Taxoe peOXKeHMe, KOHENHO, MOXHO CHHTATL HO3IHUM: B aMTepatype He- OAHOKPATHO BHICKAIEIBATACh MBICA © TOM, 4TO B MparHAeBponelicKom nosmuMo cyGveKTa MOLIIO SAHHMATH TOKO HMA O;LYIEBEHHOTO TipeaMera (cM. [CreniaHoB 1989: 35] co cepLaKoii na [Silverstein 1976]). Ho H nponcxoxsenne npewioxenus Tina aut. Artdjas sodina biilves “Benutenenen caxaer Kapromy’, Piemud gana gyvulius ‘Tacryx nacet crato’ tpynHooGEsicHHMo, CaM MpeAMOAORHTS, HT BHANAATE BHHX MpHcyTcTcRORAT naccHEHEit OGopor. TakHM o6pas0M, MIpeIOKEHHBe PeKOHETPYKUUH (HASOBEM HX HEKTACCHYECKHMH), He OCHOBAHM Ha yGeHTe:T- Bix aprymenrax. 1.1, Joxasarenpcrsa uaoesponelickoro OHOMMHATHBHOTO MpouLtoro & K:accHYECKOI pe~ KOHCTPYKINH CyTs cHenyIOUIHe. ‘A, Hecomnenmnie Gunapusie onmosHuuH 8 uMeHH H rarone. OG HMeHH eM. BBE; 1a ra. Toma BOCCTAHABIUBAOTCA ABE NapaqUIMD! CHPwKCHHA, K OANO! 13 HHX BOCKOART OKOHMANHS npesenica H aopHera, & Apyroli — Menus H nepdeKra, Takas pexOHeTPYKIMA bITa HesABIICHMO npeioxena X. Cranrom u E. Kypisiosnyem [Stang 1932; Kurylowiez 1932] 1 sarem nertom630- RaHla CTOPOHHMKAMH AOHOMMHATHAHOTO MpoULIorO, B. Onnosmuns akrHBHOCTH / HeakTHBHOCTH OXBATBIBACT HE TOIBKO FpAMMaTHMECKHit, HO H JIEK= cmsieeKitii yponenb. B 4acTHOCTH, HSBECTHBI H1ArONbI, KOTOPHIE MOFYT COMETATHCR TOsIDKO € HME~ HAMM GAKTHBHOTOy KNACCA MH MApHBIe HM, CXOAHBIE HO CEMAHITHKE, HO COMeTAIOMLECA © «AK ‘TuanbiMip uenamn (cx, 2.1—2.8).. B. CaaGas npeacrapiennocrb rarosia ‘AMeTR’ B JIPeBHHX HILOCBPONeHCKHX ASBIKAX: OTCYT- eTBHe OGuIeTo ITHMONA, NpeoGTANAHHE MOCeCCHBHBIX KOHCTPYKUMi € PIArOsIOM *GuITh’, HMeHEM RAAMEMBIa B KOCREHHOM MajexKe H HMeHeM OGmaqaeMoro MpesMeTa B HOMHHATHRE (THM pyccK. yy. Mena ecm Knuza)*. T. Oraenpunie aannuie, Kax GyaTo CBHACTeABCTRYIOUIME O BIAHMOIABHCUMOETH MOpHoxOrH- ueckoro ocpopmaenus uMeHu 4 riarona. Hanpumep, B XeTTCKOM s3bIKe HMeHa CpeaHero poua (aaxrupuie, 10 OGIeMy MHEHINO) B COMeTAHMH C AKTHBHBIM Maros1OM MepexopsT B HecpesuHit pou H MpHOGperaior opwanT -ant: uatar ‘Bona’ — wetenent, eshar *KpoBb’ — eshanant, schur “moua’ — sehunant, uttar *es1on0” — uddanant, uine “erpania’ — utneant, nepis ‘weG0” — nepisant, " 3ameriim, wro qurexci natexeit sorkecroent -BHAHMOMY, B10 7Ke BPENA, ‘470 M1 (opsibt arpHBYTOS, HMEHYEMBIX B IpaAHreHCKO! MiKONIE «aKPOCTaTHNECKUMM reHIETHBAMUD>. TlO>TOMY OKOHMAHHE BAH. HL MH. 4. “ons <*-omt-s He MpenpaTiniocs 8 -Om/-dn. Ho H & 9TOM caysae OKOHMAHHE MeHI Gosee dpy3HOHHO, HeM qhieKcHs aTeMATHYECKOrO TarO.Ta, MOCKOABKY GuleKCHA *-s KAK NOKABaTEM 2 1. MI. , nepaieaia, a oMOHIMMHEN GpopMtatrT *s KAK MOKASATESTE MHOAECTBEHHOTO StCs1a — HeCKMA BTOpHNEH. 2 Oreyrerane 1m caGas npencramrenttocT® riarona “HMeTb’ XapakrepHa H ALIA pyceKoro asbIKa. FIpo- McxOAeHHE caMOrO FaaroH1a LEM 13 uMamu *OpATL’ OMEBLAHO, KAK H TipesTOoWrentHe MOCECCHBLO! KOH- rpyxiun ¢ Gorm, OxesnaHo, ToTABHOe pactpocrpaneHe “HMeTS’ xapakTepHO ;LIx CraHAApTHOTO eBPO- nelickoro Tua s3t1KoB (SAE). TpeoGrastanne rarona ‘umerb” Har NoceccHBHEIM “Gort” TaIcKE CHASANO © oGuieit opuenrauuelt unacesponelicKux s311k0B Esponst 1a oGOGuIeHHE B KayecTBe cyGbeKTa npewIO- IKCHIA HMeHHO arena, Wa Yerparterne GesmmantAx KoreTpYRUM, Ito H CocTaRAAeT OAM Hs RAURTCTiMTX uepr SAE, em. [Kurzova 1999]. Ho cymectionan sn HsHavaTbHo HiMtoeEportelickili npassbik ¢ HeHOMHHa- THBHoit KoHeTpyKyMHeH? Ha 9TOr BorpoC MBI Ht HOHIHIEM OTBET.32 Bonpocer s3hkosHanns 2017. No2 Haena cpeauero pona nooSure peako craonatea 8 1OsHUMIO cyGueKTa; OKAIABUINCH B Heli, O1M coveTaioTes Mo MpeHMYIIecTRY c H¢aKTHBHBINH MpeMHKATAMM, CTORIINMIH OOBIIHO B bopMe Me~ aonacentba: eshar kisari *kposp nosbaseres’, Jamman kittari ‘uma uMeer Mecto” HT. a. [Laroche 1962: 36—37]. Takas coveraemocrs 1erko OGwscHAeTeA CeMaHTHKOI! HMeHHL, B UEIOM 7Ke MOAHO YIREPAAAT, 4TO OAHOSHAYHON CBABH AKTHBHOCTH /HHAKTHBHOCTH HMEHH TAKUMH 3%Ke XapaK- TepucTHKaMH Arona UIA NpaMiOeEpoNelicKoro OKA HiKKTO He yeTanoBiN [Kpacyxnm 1985: 1990]. H cmitraKene XerTeKHX HMeH Ha -ant, KOPpesIMPYIOULHX ¢ HMCHAMH cpenHerO posta, AO- nyckaer m HHoe TomKORAHHe, [IpinereM HekoTOpKIe HaHGoree NOKAIATeNBHME HPHMeEpH, CM [Laroche 1962; Tehekhoff 1978; Tamxpeaua3e, Mzanor 1984: 303—304]: XETTCKH (1) kuedani uddani wanun nu-mu TUL-anza punisdu witenanza (KBo X 45 I 32 sq) “lo KaKOMY JJeu1y 4 TpHutes, NYCTS cnpaLuMBactT Mens HETOHHMK H BOA"; (2) eshanahza eshanas inan karapzi “pons mpexpattaer Goste3its KpoBH’*; (3) a. man-an-za-kan sehunanza-pit tamaszi (I BoT 1 36 1 34) ‘ecm Mowa ero cama 10 ceGe janut’; 6. na-at-za ammel uddantes tarahhir “HHIX MoH ca108a TOKOpHAH (4) na-an-za ser nepisanza tarahdu (KUB XVII 8 IV 9) “a ce (Gonesns) Heo na noGeaut’. Onnako eymecraytor tba oGcTORTEIBCTHA, MCLIAIOLINE IPHIHAT 3a OTHMH KOHETPYKIUNSIMEL crarye nmpassbikoBbix. Bo-nepabix, Cyd). -pHKeA B XeTTCKOM H OGULeHHIOeBpoNTelicKOM GyneT paccMorpena paggenax 2.8.13 2. Anasn3 2.1. Teneps nepelize K Herupem mpunexenniim Pamxpeatxie « Mnanopiim rapam raro- OB CO 3HaYEHHEM OCHOBHEIX BHEUIHHX COCTORNHIT cyGbeKTa, B KOTOPHIX JeBbIil “wIeH OTHOCHTEH k GAKTHBHOMY» CHpsACHHIO (TO CCTs K ATEMATHYECKOMY), @ NpaBHIii — K «HeaKTHBHOMy» (Te MATHMICCKOMY, Me{HOMACCHBHOMY 1UIH XeTTeKOMY cHpsrKeHMIO Ha -hi): Ta6rwya 1 ap.una. dsti, *bhit~: ap.-una, bhavati “cranopirrbes’, sar. ft, sunt, buvail ‘5 Ob’, aur. ésti Ko . pes. giw ‘pactu(ts) cals. iecms, ror. ist S STOP MpHMep OcoGeHHO MOKAIATEsEH, TAK KAK OHO H'TO 2K HAIL TIpeHLETARNEHO B MAKTHBEOMDY H «EK rusHioNo» wapwantre: eshananza / eshanas.K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 33 “sede-: apni sida, pes. io ‘caxars, ener? nn. de, iouan “cwners’ (< *si-sd), ‘cuset»’ ap.-uH, Conan “cusers ( i), pes. fava nar. sedére, ror sitan, xa, erocmu *hei-: wea. Save, nnocsene. Sete, cemares "8! ETT sesti, anecr. saete, nears ae i -ap.-i, sdsti ‘eras pes, xian, xerr. kittari, saya. zita “stake: apn. fisthati, i fame “craurTD . pee. Corr et Yor: xert. arhahari ‘a crow" ccrommn! (éamqy ‘a erat), ; : crost srar, prior * wo3tttKaI0”, sua, stare, or ° Sesriem pes. Goto ‘monmanes xan, cmaiamu Calenyer, oaHako, ckasarb, 470 37a TaGAHUa AOBONBHO TIpoTHBOpeUMBA, OHA H Ta we MopipeMa (oKoHYaHHe MeqMOnaccHBa *-f0) OKAa3AN1ACb B PaSHbIX CTOTOUAX: LIp.-HHAL. Aste, rpeu. jforar oTHe- ceHo K MaKTHBY, XeTT. arta, artari, Kak H rpes. dgzo — x «unaxruayn. Kpome toro, rpeeckomy HW ApeBHenHAMiicKOMy Marosly Co 3HaMEHHeM ‘cHAeTH’ CoorBETeTBYeT XeTT. esari, esa — MeaH- onacens cripsrkenns Ha -hi, ComocramienHeM ¢ HiDM OGbscHAETeS H AOMTOTA TIACHOTO B rpeKO~ apuiicKoii opme: oro nepdekr or raarosa *es- ‘GHITh’; B XCTTCKOM OH COXPAHILT CBOIO H3Ha~ wanbuyto drexcmo, B ApesuentaHiicKoM npn Ham TapagurMatHsecKoro mepmexta dsa ‘ow Goin’ y raarona ds- ‘cHsleTb’ MenMaTbHas (hteKCHA samecTHaa HepeKTHYKO, HeuTo anatorHuHoe MPOH3OULIO HB rpevecKOM, Cp. It.-€. *e-es-e > rpe4. *y2, cp. UMnepiexT He ‘on Guu’. C apyroii ctoponst, Koper *sed- mHOraa Moxer OGosHavaTh H akTHBHoe JelicTBHe, cp. sat. sido “caxkare’ 4H mpousnosnioe oF Hero sedeo ‘custers’, 3Ha4eHne 2Ke KopHell *es- u *bhil- pasansastoce He KaK AKTHBHOCTD H HACCHBHOCTD, a KAK GBITHE H COCTOSHHE; 110-BHLIMMOMY, crlepsa Koper *bhu- 03- Hatin ‘nponspacrars’ (ep., HOMHMO rpexeckoro, TalwKe c1aB. Gouiwe “rpana’, KeTATHL, o*oHeMHO connanaiomee ¢ rpex. puilov < *bhulion ‘muct’). Uro ae Kacaetes Kopuia *or- (*hxer-), T0 oH M0- YWH 3HAKICHHE “CTOSTH’ TOTBKO B XCTTCKOM, B OCTAIBHEIX KC ASHIKAX TOT STHMOH RCETAa O3Ha- acer ‘noguumare(ca)’. Hama sadaa saxo“aeTca MMeHIO B TOM, HTOGbI PaccMOTpeTs MpHsIEDL HOMeHeHHA B aHaNeHMH 9TOro raroa, OGparunes k ero MopdonoruH u ceMANTHKe, 2.2. Cpsraeres on Kak OGHMHHbI MeAHONACCHE Taro Ha -mi: eAMHETREHHOE OTMMIHE or Maros08 Ha “hi 3ech 3aKMOYAeTCH B 3 ses. 4. C LeHTATbHOH (ieKeHel (-ta-ri Vs. -a-ri). 3Ha- enue ae KonTeKcron 9. Hoii payaenu Ha tpu Gosbutne rpyrmi: ‘crosTh’, ‘neraRaT», yeranan- amar ce6a’ 1 “OMITs, cTanonuTsca noctaraenmsm’ [Neu 1968a: 120] B nepaoii rpynine MoxHO BBIsIesIMTs CHleAyKOULHe OTTeHKH: 1) ‘cross’: (5) xerrexmit ANA °UTUS-kan anda assuli naistati kattimi assuli artati (KUB XXXII 130, 27 ff.) “1x Gory Comma Ter ce6x c AOGPOM MpHBereM, H pH MEE C AOGPOM cTosTs Gye; 2) ‘npneyrernonars, oxasmiBaraca’ (6) xerrexnit SUM-ir-uat-si kuuapi nuua kas kassa aranta (KUB X11 4 11 37 ff.) “Kora OHH asTH 9TO eMty, H ODL, H AApyToit OKAsasIHeE (pAI0M)";34 Bonpocer s3hkosHanns 2017. No2 3) B ocoGylo rpyniy MOAHO BHIACHUTb KOHTEKETH, Fe Pe User © HeGeCHLIX CRETHLIAX: () xerrexuit MUL" nua aranda (KUB IX 28 IIT 11) “HW 3pe3zIbI ele CTOAIH’, B ormmane or nepanix Anyx KoHTeKcToR, 3ecb Haron OGoImasaeT HeKOTOpoe cocToAMHe, OCy- UleCTANICHHE KOTOPOTO ABAXETEH HACTHIO OGUETO H HEHSMEHHOTO MIpHposLHOTO MpoUecca, He a BHCAULeTO OF AeATENBHOCTH OnpeseNeHHOrO aKTOPA, Bropaa rpynua: (8) xerrcKutt INA KUR ““KUR-#ia kuuapi paimi numu kattimi assuli artati (KUB XXX 130, 291) ‘Koraa a yiiay s ropuy1o crpany sparos, 11 npeacraneum nepexo Muoii c 106pom’, ‘Teas rpynma ne Rceraa Moxer Obit orsunna oT Nepaoii. Tak, OHH H TOT xe KOHTEKCT O- pastiomy nepesonntes 9. Hoem 4 Hi, ®paapixow: (9) xerreKmit GIS PINANNA" andurza karu arantari (KUB 11 6 TV 11) “MYSBIKAUIBHBIC HHCTPYMEHTBI CTOsIT BriepestH (TO ECTS CTOsIN paHBile) BHYTpH’ [Friedrich, Kammenhuber 1978: s.v. ar]; ‘My3bIKAbHbIe HHCTPYMeHTSI OBUIH partbunle BHYTPb MOCTAB- sienna’ [Neu 1968a; 23] Tak ave anGuaanenren 1 apyroit KoHTeKeT: (10) xerreKnii SA °U “Haiti huuasi INA “tarnui artari (KUB XI 22 126) ‘kamenb-huuasi Gora rpoma erpane1 Xarri 8 zoM-tarnu jocrasnen / 8 AOMe-tarnu croKt Stor Kparknii, nposesennbii Ha ocHOBAHHH H3AaKHi DpHapHxa H Hos OG30p MOKasHIBAET, ro anasenne ‘cross’ y marona artari we nepanino, HenoanmxHoe cocTosune, oGosaiaemoe UM, AMHO MBICAINTEA KAK PeayABTAT HeKOTOPOrO NPOYECCA, MHHLNUPORAHHOFO AKTOPOM HIN Cpe Joli, H1K ASTOPOM B OTHOMIEHIM caMoro ceGs, HiHbINH CHOBAMH, HB TOM roAroMbHO!t (popme BHO TIpoctexHBAeTes Gonee Crapoe sHaYeHHe ‘ABHFATECS, NloANHMATHCH’, Cp. elle coveTaHH ¢mapesnanm: kattan ar- ‘axonuts’, kattan arha ar- ‘OTxonvTs k KOMY-1160". 2.2.1, Pacemorpum renepb poxcraenmue raroabusie opal B xerrexom. Faaroa avi npunaa- eau K cupaxKeuio Ha “hi (1 ea. 4. arhi, 2 ea. 4. arti Wt, a.) M O3MAMAeT “AOCTUTaTE, NpUXOAUTE” (ormaeres or paimi upumepuo Kak Hem. gehen ‘natu’ or kommen ‘npuxozute’). On MoxeT ¢burypuponars ¢ oKaTHBOM H Ges sOKaTHBA: XETTCKHii (11) makhanmaua “*"“Hatti aruen (StBoT 4.60) “Hier Tora mpmmtan w erpary Xarri"; (12) nw GIM-an “*°Flateziua aruen (KUB IX 16113) “i sareM MBI NpHILIH B ropon XareustBa’, B nporuponocrannennu paimi (13) xerreKmit man DUMU-as “"“Misturaha paizai man-as “*"Karikuriska ari ‘“GUDU memai (KUB XVIL9 II 16 ff.) “Korma peGeHoK Hier B crpany Muctypaxa 4 npHxoauT B erpany KapKypucka, rosopsr seopek-GUDU’.K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 35 Jloxarus moxer oGo3nayar» H AMUO: (14) xerrexuit nutta UD" SIMTIKA ari (KBo IV 10, Vs.5) “WK TeGe MPHXoAMT jeH eMepTH. Tuarox npnoGperaer sHayenne ‘nosssaThes, BOSHHKATE? (15) xerreKuit mahhanmassan 7 °°°L1S.GAL ari nu 8*"katres TUG-an saran: “n xoraa 7-4 Koxa nossaserca, katres paspoisaior MOKPEIBALIO". (KBo V 1 IIIS ff.) Conocraznenue raarosioe arta(vi) u ari, Kak upexcransiseres, CHO CeMeTeMbCTRYeT 0 TOM, 470 nepautit ws Hux OGoIHaYaer pesyuBTar jelicrRuA WIN Mponecca, a BTopoli — camo jeii- erBue/npouece. Faron xke arnuzi ‘MpHHOCHTs, AOCTABIATS’, BHE BEAKOTO COMHEHHA, BbIpAAACT Kay3allH¥0 9TOrO Mpollecca. BOIMOAKHO, © ITHM KOPHEM CBAGAH eILLE OME FHarOsI: arai, KOTO- Poiii B cnpsoxenin Ha -hi omayaer ‘noguuMarses’ (arai ‘oH HoAHUMaeTcs’, 3 ex. 4. uper. arais), a8 cnpsxenmn na -mi — ‘ocrananmmnars’ (araizzi, npet. arait). [eppsii raron 4acto netpeva- TCA B CAKPAMBHBIX TEKCTAX: XETTCKHIE (16) "Askali uddar arais (BoTU 12 C Vs 23) “nporis Ackas Momiraa noguanacs’ (crapoxerrexnii TeKcr): (17), KAXU-SU-mazakan pian arha nais n-as arais (KUB XV146 114 f.) “wWxeprseHUBIX HTH OM BSA, H HOMER. Aeiictane saeck snaseres Yacrsio oSiero Mpouecca, HHHUKHPORANHOTO GoxKeeTHCHHOH CH= noi, Hpanaa, A. Kayxxopcr [Klockhorst 2008] 1e nprauaer pogetna arai 1 artari. Heprsaii ra- ron of BosBoauT K *h,er- (Zoxopas), BrOpoi k her. Ho, Hanpumep, abTopsi [LIV] monararor, #70 XeTT, arta(ri) BOCKOANT BCe-TaKH K *h,er-. C Moeii TOUKH spent, (POpMaTbHas H CeMAHTHYECKAS Gumocts OGoux raronon He MOIROARET paxesATH HX Mo paaHBIM KopHAM. HT xe roa araizzi, to crapoe aHaeHHe ‘MOANUMATH’ MpOARAAeTCA B HEKOTOPHIX ero (opMax: npH1a- crne arant- “neicuruii, pykonoaurens’ (<*noswsTstii’) saeves ra 2.3.1, Hmenno 310 sHayenme smaseTes GasoBEM ant mAoeBpoelicKoro KopHA *or-/ 1: rpex. Sovoul, ap.-ung. /ndti noponemHo copnanaior c xeTT. arnumi, ummepatue pnuddhi = 6ove91 arnut, CoorsercrBenno rpes. Oto u Ap.-uuA. Arta CooTHOCATCA ¢ XeTT. arta, a TeMatHueCKuii aopuct dgoge u nepext douee Mophonormecku Gau3Ku K ari. Boe rpu opaut uMeIOT B OC HOBHOM HHTPAHSHTHBHO-MeNHAILHOE 3HAYeHMe H HE MPOTHBOCTORT s1pyr APYTy, WoAOGHO XeTT. arta(ri) /ari. Te ne Menee pastima Mexay HMMM HMeeTes. Meanasibubtii aoplieT MoxeT OTHO- CHTDCH K ONYUIEBIENHOMY H HeOAYUeBCHHOMY HMeHH, Cp. TPEYECKHit (18) dgr0... ‘Qdvaaeig ‘noxusnea Onncceii’ (9 3, x 348), ‘Edargetic ‘Qnarpeit’ (9 111), xi7Qve “neernx’ (€ 449), “Avdgaiuovos vidg ‘cum Auapemona’ (£364); C apyroit ctoporst, cp. mpumep (19). (19) x Tipu e3goge eymectaytor eneayioume cyGuexre1: jarg Goro ‘nonuanea cmex’ (9 343), xdayyyj “mya” (412), iuegos (20) yadendc dé ug dgoge Saipev (y 222) “HRI THAKITT HEMOH TIOHRUICH”; (21) dogs Getog dorddc (9 539) “HonHaica GoxKeCTREHHDII NeBEL.356 Bonpocer s3hkosHanns 2017. No2 Muoraa oror raron moxer 61th nepexoauuin, 10 ero cySneKroM ocraeres HeanTpomias eymtHocts: (22) viv 68 tor gta Bedg Hgoge Eyyov dewseis (y 222) “wee Gor MOAHsII Ha 9TO HeYeETHBOE J1es10"; (23) 08x 018" i is sav Beg Hooge, He" xai abrod (6 712) ‘we 3Haio, Gor 1 Kakoii ero NOAHAT, HH OH CaM ceba”. Tlepdexr dgege u nmockraumepipexr dgcget He OstRaIOT MepexOAHBIMHT; B OCTANBHOM 3Ke HX sHaveHHe over GuNSKO TematiHeckoMy aopucry. K npuMepy: (24) x6ur0¢... dompe (9 386), xdvapos (% 122), Bor} (w 48), dovuaydos (cw 70) “uy nosHsitcR’; (25) yaiav 6poi xai xévrov dgdboci 5’ obgavddev vbE (e294, 1 69, 41315, 0 462) “Hag SeMIIEKO, KaK Ht HAL MOPEM, BCTasIA C HEGA HOUB”. opwysta (25) wanomunaer xerr, MUL" * muna aranda ‘sne3is1 nor erost’. Harrepec pea cranaser 9T0r axe nepdexr m malockBaMmepdexr B FOMCPOBCKUX FHMHAX: (26) xgdt0¢ 5° dx’ dBavézroro, mods y' dnd xbqnoc Somes (VII 42) “cua Gecemeprnoro, neaMKHii MuIp BOsHIK"; (27) av9eo rpreBdeov, yaguets 5° éxi xagads domge (XXIII 4) “s userke pacuserax, noaBnica Gnarocribtii mom". Tlonstroxiaas, Mil MOKeM ON|peseIIHTe 3HaeHHe PAYTHYHBIX RAPHANTOR M1ArosTa CHeAYIOULM o6pasom. Dopwa coro oGosHavaeT OAHOKPATHOE AOCTINREHHE HEKOTOPOTO COCTOAHHA, KOTOPOE MOFIO ABHTBCH PEsysIBTATOM Kak JIeHCTBNA CYObEKTA, TAK HMMA, He COBMaIAIOUIETO ¢ HAM. Te~ MATHECKHII 2K AOPHCT H NepAEKT YKAIbIBAIOT Ha TO, HTO HMeeT MeCTO HeKHit Mo Gombe! Ha crn Henpepsisnetii mponece (11M BpeMeHHas TouKa B Mpouecce), He aBNCAMUNT OF AelicTBHi sesoneKa, 10 Moker Ont npupoawetit npouece (nporspacranne moja, ARWKCHE HEGECHDIX CBETHLN, ABKE HOSHMKHOBEHME MUA) HIN BONEHSbABTEHHE GoxECTHEHHO! ChepxbECTeCTBEHHOli cnapi (Gora mn eMona). Hakonen, 3HavenHe nepipekra B FosepoBeKHX PHMHAX AMGHBATeHTHO: OHO MoxkeT 6xITb NepexOAHEIM H HemepexomHBIM (TO cAABAHO c OSuIeli TeHAeHUMel: pasmETHA neptbekra B rpeveckom — or rarona coctosHns x oGsuHOMy Mpereputy [Chantraine 1927]). Tnaron Moxker Girth HONST B KOHTeKCTe Kak ‘HOaBHLCA” Hu “HoABACTeA’, “CYULeCTBYCT B PeSysID= ‘rare BoIMUKHOBeHUA’. 3HaYeNMe pouecca OcoGeHHO axtyanbHO B XXIII rune, rue pew uLeT © 4ygecHEIx npeRpamtennsx Ha KopaGze, Ha KOTOPOM HIB [LHOHMC. 2.3.2, BeanecKoe drta no sHaNcHinio G1H3K0 K NomHOCTsIO HIOMopAHOMy rpes. dgro; ero aHa- SeHHe MOxHO NepenaTh KAK ‘MOARUTKCA, HPHIETH, ROIHUKHYTE’, HO Taka H ‘HOrHGHyTH’. CyGw- exrann npit Hem MoryT 6siTB: 1) uMena mozeli, 2) nmeHa mpmpormerx mponeccor, 3) uMeHa aG- erpaxtunix eymmocreli, K KOHTeKCTaM MepBoro THITa OTHeCeM: nrauiicKHit CANCKPHT (28) pré Sdrdha arta prathamam vipanydm rtésya yond vrsabhddsya nilé | sparho yliva vibhdva sapté priyaso jjanayanta vi'sne (IV 1, 12) “TONMA MOSBIMTACK MePREIM ABIDKCHHEM BO BMCCTHTHME 3aKOHA, B UpeRO GuKa, KeTaHHAs, jonas, Mory4as; CeMb THOGUMBIX ALI GbiKa POAILINCE’; (29) dcha kavim... itibhis tém isano dyumnahiitau ni mayavan dbrahmd dasyur arta (IV 16,9) ‘Myapenly... Ha HOMOMIS K HeMy YerpeMuch ¢ GoeBbIM KiMYeM; HycTs aser Jlacbio, nosbitt xutpocteii, ammenustii crsmennen cron’ (Tenbaxep neperoaut désyu arta Kax ‘Dasyu soll erliegen’ [Geldner 1951—1957}).K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 37 Tem cannin Moko Bete pasHooSpasue suauenuii BeAMMeCKOTO TaArOsa: He TOKO ‘MO: HIMATHCA’ HH “MPHXOANTS, BOSHNKATH’, HO H “TlaaTs’. DopMa aopHcTa osHaNacT BXOKACHTE B OAHOMOMEHTHOE COCTORIIE KAK PesYsIDTAT He TOADKO MOABEMA, HO H TasteHIEA. Kourexersi proporo tuna: (30) BeaviicKnii cancKHt md no asminn maghavan pytsti dmhasi nahi te éntah Savasah partndse | ékrandéyo nadhyé roruvad vind katha né ksonir bhiyasa sdm @rata (154, 1) “ru, Goravo napa, 1a He (OCTABD) Hac B >TO! Gene, HET KOKA TBOeH CHUTE; TI sacTa~ BHI pekit yMeTe, WyMHBIe AepeRbs. Kak sH0AaM He crpyauTbea OT crpaxa?” [Eamapen- Kona 1989—1999] Kotrrexcrst rperbero Tuma: BEAMIICKHi CAHCKPHT (31) a. tid asya Stismad bhamir narta (V1 34,7) ‘or 9TOTo HaTHCKa NOAHsLICA, Kak sIy4 cBeTa’; b. vidvtito mariito jdjjhattr iva | bhanir arta ménd divéh (V 52,6) “Kak cmeroumees, Gaccraume Mapytbl, ays ¢ Hea cxocii cusoii HoaHALICA’ waH “Hocae ororo Mapyri 1puuLin, Kak CMeRUMeCA (aKeHUILLHEI); CAMO HO Cee HOABHOCE CHALE neGa’ [Geldner 1951-1957]. (32) nésat témo diidhitam récata dyatir tid devyd uséso bhanir arta (IV 1, 17) “ynecao mpaunyio Tey, paccaeno ueG0, nosuHK cBeT GoxecTBeHHOi 3apH’. CyGneKrom 9roli maronbHoli hopbr BbICTyNaer TarcKe “By”: (33). peaniicKnii cancKent tava dyuménto arcayo gy (V 25, 8) “Tron cnsiomie ayn rpoMKo 3RCHAT, KaK AanHaTbHEI KAMCHD, 3RYK cnoeii cHAOHi NOAH Maeres, KAK rpom ¢ HeGa”. avevocyate byhat/ utd te tanyatiir yathd svand arta indnd divah B Aanvom Konrexcte nonsirHa “3Byk” H ‘ny4” okasasIHeH TecHO cBs3aHDI, Cas3b 97a Mpocste- 2KUBACTCH HHA ITHMOTOFHYCCKOM yponHe, HM svdnas BOCKOANT K KOpHIO *suel-/swen-: nar, sol, ror. sunno, rpex. si2t0¢ (<*sauelijos) ‘comme’. K Toy Ke STHMOHY BOCXOART KaK AP.-1HA. svdr, siirya ‘connue’, Tak n svarate “anyuara’. Pnaron xe drta pH TaKHX cyGBeKTAX MOxeT ObITh uurrepuperuponan oanospemcnHo KaK npOueccHblii, TAX M HyUKTYAMbUBHi: ‘MomUsLICA” H ‘BOS nu’, Jas xapaxrepucruxu (opmul dria B neaIIeCKOM CyLLECTBEHHA e¢ MHOTOSHAIHOCTE: "MOI HHMATbCA, MPHXOsUTS; OCTaHABAURATbCA; MpeKpamlarBcs’. Hemarepuanbibie cyuLHOCTH B COMeTAHMH C AAHHbIM raronoM oGpasyior opmyay bhamiir | svanas (tanyatih) arta (tménd diva) ‘ays / wye (rpoM) loausstes (cBoeti cHLrOii c Heda). Conoctannenne c xerr. MUG" artari “anexast ctost’ u rpes. vig dompe ‘Moun Hactana’ n0- anonseT pexoueTpynponars cpopmyyary Ha npansqoeRponelickom ypoaue. Ee MoxkHo mpeqcranuth ‘Tak, OGOIAYHE NPOTHCHBIMHE OYKBAMH KOMMOHEHT, HAXOSAILHH HapasvIesIH TOBKO BCeMAHTHKe, a crposusin — opmansuo pexoucrpyuposauniii xomnonent: *CAELESTE o1- | = ‘ueGecuoe ABIICHHE NOAHAMOC, BOZHUKIO' *, “ PopMystbl, PEXOHCTPYHPOBAHHBIE Ha CEMAHTHMECKHX OCHOBAHHAX, KOHEYHO, SHANHTENBHO MEHEE Ha AOKHEL, TEM COnEpAAME OGUINE KOPHH, MOOGHBIE KaccHHEcKHM *Kléuos n-g"ditém. Tem He MeHeE wp xnnre T. B. Famkpemuse # Ba, Be. Hoanosa [1984: 833] npsmomrres napasites BeaurecKoli HopBex- cKoii bopmyan: majja majjitd sam dhiyatém *Koct» © KocTHWO Aa coeauuutres’ (Arxapsapena) 1 ledge marv i ‘mary ‘cron Kocttsi Mosr ¢ KoCTHEIM MosroM", cp. (de Vries 1957: 169], H cnonocoyerarine B XeTTCKOM, ToMePOBCKOM rpeeCKOM H RETHIICKOM, B KOTOPOM NOABIEHHE HeGECHOTO TENA BHIPAKAETCA OHHM H TEN 2 DraroabibiM Kop jostle MOET paceMarpuBATHCA KaK (bopMyabitoC,38 Bonpocer s3hkosHanns 2017. No2 2.4, Taxnm o6pason, onnosuuns ari /artari » xerreKom Ka 6yaT0 MoxeT Gui» Mpoeuupovaia a npariizoesponeiickiit yponen, [lonpodyem paso6parbea a ee xapaxrepe. XerteKoe artari — npesene, Tora Kak ap.-mil, drta u rpes. Gero — aopersi. B 910M KayecTBE OHM OGosHANAIOT ty Nacts nponecca, Koropyto P, Kéntbi Hasan «KpHTH4ecKOii ToAKOl>y («MOMeHT HaMeHeHHA 2 npouecce» [Kelln 1969: 43]). Cooraercracino, nperene Moxer oGo3a4aTH 60 LOCTIEKCHME roi! ToUKH (ilepBas basa NpoMtecca), sHGO COCTosIIHE NOCHE KpHTHYECKO! ToKH. Boe TPH d)asbt MOAKHO MIPOHLHOCTPHPOBATE sLATHHICKHM facio ‘x Gpocain’ — igci ‘a Gpocus”’ — iaceo “A ey’ Bumenpunestenusie KoHTeKCTH! HOKAbIBAIOT, #10 OCHORHOE 3HaeHMe arta(ri) — 3 (HaxoxACHE B cocTosHMH), 1 oTuacTH | basa Mpomtecca a LI ari — TomBKo TepRas (JOCTHXKEHHe COCTOSHMA). 2.5. 40 ner tomy asag 9. Pau conocrapna arta(ri) 4 Bex. drta u upuuten K BEIBOAY 0 TOM, 4TO HHACeBpoNeiicKHi Mequii TaKKe Mor OGosHataT SanepureHHOCTS AelicTBHA Ht CoCTOR- nua [Risch 1975]. Ovesitno, 970 sHasenne Buipaxan uMeHHO adibiKe *-f0°. AnanorHuno Puut paccMarpipaer xerrekyto xe bopmy /uk/a ‘paccnesto’. Eli Ke NOcBAILIeHO HeGOsIBILIOe, HO ONE cosepxareabiioe uccnexonanue K. Xoipmana [Hoffmann 1975]. roi xerrexoii bopme coor- netetayer nem. arukta, KOTOPOE, OAHAKO, He 3ACRHAeTeICTRORAHO B CAMXHTAX H MOARIAeTCH ‘TOUIBKO B apatbsikax (sim... arukta (TA TV 7, 6) ‘Bor paccseno’). Osako naccuBnbiii aopuer aroci u upusactue rucana 8 Purseae HSBeCTHDI; ONH 3ACTABIAIOT MpeANONOAMTS HaMAHE aTe~ Maruecxoro aopucra (*-rok/ -rukia < *-leuk-t/-luk-to). Taxoit aopuct nporuBoctour npexeHcy récate *cberuren’, 2.6. B xerrexom sacaujerenmeraonann TawKe opma lukzi (nperenc, HonoxeTreKuii nepuon), lukta, luktat (popmaxsusiii Mexnonacenn) ‘caerurees’ u Jukkizzi “saaxurars’. 3anepuenHoct jleli- crans, Boparkennoro (bopMoii fukta /Jukkatta, anomie oveBnana B popMyne man lukkatta(-ma) “Konya paccsesio’: G4) xerreKnii man lukkattati® ""Zalpa pait (KBo I 38 Vs 2) ‘Kora paccneso, on nourex B ropox Hamma’ (sanepurenne mponecca mpemmectayer mpe- ‘TepiraabHoMy jtelicTRHIO). B caenytomem KonTeKcre 06a paccmoTpenHbIx rarosta BeTpeTHIHeS BMECTe: (35) lukta-ma INA UD ILKAM kuitman °UTU-us nuua artari (KUB XXIX 4135) “w paceneso, Kora Ha Bropoii eH Gor CosmHua He BcTaer’. To cyr gena, sropoii raron oGosnasaer caeactsue (orpuyaemoe) u3 nepsoro. Tep- Buiii 2Ke BuIPAKaeT HEKOTOpOE CTaGMAbHOE COCTOREME; MOSTOMY BCIO KONCTPYKUMIO AONyCTHMO nepenecra Tak: ‘H yrpom a Bropoii zens Gor Cosma He Bcraer’. Teppexrupusie (popu nporHpoctost HenepdextHBHbiM ari, lukkizzi. On Ha CHHXPOHHOM YPOBHE CHALHO OTMHYALOTES {pyr OF APyra MopposIOrH4ecKH H CEMAHTHYECKH, HO B MaXpo- HMeCKOM ILIaHe OGHapyxxHBAIOT OGuIee HpoHcxox,eHHe. Fuarostst Ha ~hi penpesenTupyior HH nocnponelicknii nepdext; 3.1. nephbexra — 970 sHicTas raarombitas OcHORA C BOKAMBHBIN ayc- alayroM. Hs Hee xe MpoucXoMT TeMaTHYecKoe chpwrKeHHe: «Das Form *gené [‘yGurntit’. — K. K.]als eine Quelle des Perfekts, des Mediums und der thematischen Konjugation» [Watkins 1969: 45]. Cornacuo E. Kypuzormuy [Kurylowicz 1956: 41—44], npunararensnoe tama */ik'é C Hauiell TouKH spetus, npoctHle raarosbribe HavoenponelicKHe KOpHHK CaMH HO ceGe He BMpAKAIL acrrextyamsHtrx pasmnil, ITY cbyHKUHHO HECAH TOmBKO FTarOmBAe adpehHKCH « Bnpowew, crarye hops lukkattat enopen. 9. Hoit [Neu 1980: 16—19] ynomunaer napesne lu-uk-kat-ta, odpazoeantioe Gnarogaps nepepaatoxeniio HMteHHOll OcHoBEL /ukat ‘(tia cueaytoulee) yIpO” (2acbuALeTesIs- craonannoli 8 (pope Ju-uk-kat/ lu-uk-ka-ti). Bnpoem, on 2ke ykaabinaeT Ha OMONHIMNHOCTE Hapestis li uk-kat-ta W anasiorn4noro axe MemorLaccHaHOrO Tarosa, Tepaoe ACTPeYAETEs B CpeAHEXETTCKUX TEKETAX, Bropoii — Hw apestexerreKHx.K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 59 ‘octanaenuii’ aero B OcHoBy MeaHOnaccuBHOTO AopueTa, 3areM M APyFUX FaarombuBIX (opm Tem 2Ke aycnayToM, IIyTem nepepasnoxeHHa 9T0 *-¢ Mpesparisiocs HB TeMaTHMecKHit MacHEtt (ca. nloapo6io 06 oto B [Kpacyxnn 1987]. 10. C, Crenanos (1989: 28] cura nponexore- Hie F:1arOABHBIX (POPM 13 «PACCOTMACORAKBIX HPHLIATATEsIBHKID? BOIMOAKHBIM, HO He OKAIAH- nui, C nameii TouKH spenns, runoreay Kyprioni4a MoxHO OGOcHORAT» cpanHeHHeM sunToR- CKHX HapeHuii, NpoHEXoAMLINX 13 (POPM cpesIHeTO posLa, C PATOsAMH, BEIPALKAIOULNMH COCTOR- nue, He yrnyGnssich 8 oTy TeMy, passityto 8 [Krasukhin 2012], ormerHM, 470 Hapewne 4 rnaron B npesuioxernsix sur, Siandién Salta ‘ceronus xonoano’ 4 Siandién Sala “ceroxus MoposHT” uMeIor cxogHyio Mopdosorio, ceMaHTHKy H CHHTaKcHuecKoe ynpaRAcHre. @opmei tuna *ore, *luke, neKaULHe B OCHOBE XETTEKMX FarOsIOB, OGosHANAIN BHYTPEHHEE cocrosue 1 norenumu cyOnexta, Byry'in BeexeHbt a CHCTeMy npeseHca, OM MoayHLIN aHae- nue suisueroca jeiicrans/npouecca [Georgiev 1975]. Hoaromy 13 nux o6paiopminanich aypa- THBBI, Ube SHANEHHE YeILTHBATOE ONTOSHUNeH (popM ¢ NepPeKTHBHEIMH adybuKcaMi. Kaxknas caonombopMa MOKET COXPaHsTk HePTBI IHAYEHHS CHOCTO MPOTOTHMA, osTOMy rpeveckHii AopHCT Googe w nephexr dpage oGomaiaior npouecc, He saRNcaUUi: OT ROTeHARTEHHA LeIOReKA Henpexogaitee ABIWKeHMe NPHPOANBIX cH HAM AesTeMBHOCTH HaATEMOReHECKHX cymurOCTel, Tpocrite Temarnueckue (popMn, OGOsHaHABIINe NPHPOAHOL, AyXOBHOE HTH TesIecHOe COCTO- AMC, HO-BULAUMOMY, HE CONCPAAMH H3HAMAIBUO HEPT, KOTOPHIC SACTABAAI Obl TPAKTORATE UX HMeHHO KaK ruaromb Han MpiIarareabuse. Ho smeni0 ®. Baaep [1989], *-¢ — 910 apennei lag MeaMaibHaa quieKcHs, KoTOpas ObuIa saTeM saMeHeHa dopMaHTom 16. Ha Hau BSraa, 9TH hopMor BOBCe He PABHOSHAYED: MepHAN 13 HICK, KAK OLUIO HOKAIAHO BHILIE, He YKASHIBACT Ha 3A neputennocrs jeficrans, a sropaa ysasbinaet, Ho Hx onmoaHuna Mora OcsaGeRATE, “TO HATA UHO suumocrpupyer coGpantuniii K. Yorkntcom marepuat o napuartrax Kopuia */uk- [Watkins 1971: 69] Taémuya 2 Tina Tipumepar Taaron Tipumepar *jukel-6 [ees leoxde, wea, rucd “Genwi, cveramiit | *Téuk-e]-0 ‘Bea. rocate "leuk-é-to |For. hap, xert, lukat “cnev (yspo) __ | "luk-o/-e-to xere lukkatta() Kpome toro, xerr. rarom /ukkizzi, no-BHMMOMy, penpeseHTHpyeT MosIHy!O CTYMeHb KOpHe- Boro BOKAAIHaMa, ONOSHIHA ake NOsIHOII Ht HYsIeROHl CTYNEHH TAKE HOTA PeATHIOBAIACH KAK onnoamia snmtenbHoro 1 oAHOKpatHoro jelicTaHA. B APeRHerpeHecKOM ¢ HOMOMTHIO Hyco ctynenn obpazyeres Tematmuecknii aopucr: xreive — éxtavov ‘yGunate’, 2é9dm — éxpadov ‘paspyuiare’; aopucr ¢ uyaenoii cryneublo Moxer Guits ueriepexoxen: éocine “yxapats’ — Zormov “a ynan’, égcixes ‘paspyware’ — jeizov “a paspyuuuica’, z9dger *Kopmure’ — Ergagov “x BLIpoc’. Hinaniickue npesencnt ¢ uysenoii crynenmio (run tuddti, nan VI xaacc) nora a KoTeKcTe Mo- TYT MpHOsWKaTHCA MO 3HAYEHMIO K aopHeTaM: (36) BEaniicKnii caHCKPHT déksam te bhadram abharsam para yéksmam suvami (RV X 137, 4) ‘aoGpoe n caeta0e a TeGe Mpunec, sHXOparky WaroHsLO / WarHal’. J. Peny [Renou 1925] nomaracr, 410 napameaisM rarostos HOSBonseT MpuNNCaTe p.-uNA. mMpesexTHoii (bopme suvami aopuctimecKoe 3HaucHHe, BoxMoxHa H TaKas HATepmpetauus. Dopma abharsam oGo3snavaer AelicTBHe, 3aBepUIEHHOE Mepesl HAvaIOM OCHOBHOTO jeiicTBHA, suvdmi — TpHGMMKeHHe K KpHTHYECKO! TOUKe. B apyrom npHBexeHHOM JI. Peny npuMmepe oHOpOAHOCTE nperepitra u npeserica GeccnopHa: *B rpeseexom napnairr */éuke- npeoSpasonastcr » axtuanbti ares Zavoow < *Zovaciey ‘wuters”, Taxon cymTaGa GormsumtricTRA ChopM Ha -e & APeRHerpesiecKOM: OHH TepeMIH B AKTHBHOE TEMATHHECKOe CMPRACHHC. * [Ipesticnepxtenementkoe H roreKoe uMeHa cyTb aGcrpakTHMe NlonATHA. TloDTOMy B HX yaapenHe, Kak HoKasbisact saxon Beprepa, cron estena or cydypuxca. Tent ke OGbaCHACTER H HX HosTHAR citb.60 Bonpocnt s3biKosHanna 2017. No2 (37) neauiicknit canckenT kamadyiivam vimaddyohathur yuvém visndptivam vikvakdydva spjathal (X 65, 12) “abi nppesn Kamaapio k Bwazaite, Buuiany k BuurpaKaitio bi mycrHsin. Tperenent ¢ aystenoii crynensio oGoaaaor Tepmunaruanoe jelicraNe/ npouece, KoTOpHiti B KOHTEKCTe MOKET CHAATHCH O KPHTHUECKOI TONKH’. 2.7. baekcua *-16 a coveranun ¢ HyseRo!i CTyeHBIO KOPHA snAaeTEA ACHeKTOOSpAsyIONUIM, anementom, Onnosunus *-6/-16 MoxeT OsITs ROCCTAHORMEHA H {UIA THATOTBHBIX HMCH. OKCHTOH- bl HMeHa MOrKHO PASC Ha JUBA KulACCa: KOPHEBBIE M MapKHPOBAHKEIe cy‘ppHKCOM CTPYKTYBL -CV-, Hepanie neiipanbusi B ornouenuu acnexra: keg. rucd “Oaectauuit’, yodhd ‘Bown’, rpes. pogds ‘necyuuit’, rg0z6s ‘woseco’, ropds ‘HOR’. Bropute 2ke TATOTEIOT K BLIPAACHILIO TaRepULeH- Horo nperepresatins, B Gas1T0-cranAHCKOM OHH OOpasyloT eTpatarenbuHe NpAYACTHA MOLE mero Bpemeni: mT, j-piltas “ManonneHHbil’, cxaB. Gump; BAPYTHX s3bIKAX — NAccHBABLE TIpHsIA- rarenpunie: rpet, ayiordc ‘pacmensiennui’, ip.-n1a. jatGh “poxaenuuaii’. B apennenpaanckom oraetamna onmosimuia naccuma nperentca *-er 1 nepipexra *-fo-: no-berar (< *nu-bhere-) ‘oH He- com’ — ro-bert (< *(p)ro-bher-to) ‘ou npunee’ ®, DyHKNOHATBHOe CxXONETHO MeAHOTIACCHBHOTO uperepura u npuyactua na -f5- narizauo zemoucrpupyct cueayloutnii BeaNuecKuii KouTexcT: (38) BeaniicKuiit cancKeHT brahmané ‘asya mikham asid bahit rdjanyéh krtéh / iri tad sya yad vaisyah padhbhyam Sitdré ajayata !candréma ménaso jatés céksoh sitryo ajayata (RV X 90, 12—13) ‘por rast GpaxMaviom (rsiaroi1), PYkKH HapaMH caesIAINeD (NpHYacTHe), Ws Gexep BaliLIbH [Po- AMINE), HS HOF LIyApHI PosWANe (Karost), Hs AYXa PomWsAch (NPHYAcTHe) AyHa, HS TAs ero comme pomumocs (rmarom)’. 2.8. Hirak, sHaveHne 1 byHKUNOHMPOBAHHE XETT, artari OGbsCHACTCR HE MepeUTKAMH HHAK- THBHOTO CTPOS, a CHOKHBIM KOMIUIEKCOM MHS. HitbIMit eslOBAMH, MO Kpaiitteli Mepe Ba apry- MeHTa B Ostby PeKOHCTPYKINH AKTHBHOTO CTPOS OKAIHIBAIOTeH HELOCTATOUHO YOCATETbHBIMIL. Ha Heckonpxo HHBIx OCHORAHHX K cxO;HBIM BEIBOAAM HpHuLra B. JIpuuKa [Drinka 1999]. Ona OTMETINIa HeKOTOPHe CYIIECTHEHHME HecoOTHETCTBHS HiLLOeBPOTTeTicKOrO MpassbiKa ITaTOHY AKTHBHOTO CTPOs H MIperkse BCETO Popasdo GOsIbINYIO CROGOY B CONLTAHHAX CYOHEKTA H MpesH- xara. Co cemaxoii na crarmto Jlax. Hinkonse [Nichols 1992] B. J[panka noxepxnmaer, 170 s3s1K0 AKTHRHOTO CTpOs XapakTepH3y!OTCS MapkUPORAHHOCTHIO MaBHOTO "wWeHa MperToxKeHHs (head- marked), rorga kax npanuaoceponeiickuii, na0Gopor, OTAHNAJICA MapKUPOBAHHOCTEIO 3aBHCH- Moro «uiena npesuioxeuus (dependent-marked). Taxake n uiioenpontelicKux sabikax cyuLecTEy!OT cheunasitbie CHocoOs MapKupoRasiit ONpesIeIeHHA: OHO MOET CTORTh B KOCREHHOM HaLeKE HaIM npHOOpeTaTh creunanbHbIii adypUKE (KAK MpaBiiso, ocTHOSHTHBHEI); HMEHHO TAK O6pa~ 20BAHI GaNTO-CABAHEKHe WIEHHDIC MpHIArAreNbHBIC, OTTHMAIOUECH OT MPOCTEIX CBO HO sepknyToii onpenerntersHocraio (a aHauit, HenpeaMKaTuRHocTaIo). 410 %Ke KacaeTes caaG0ii mpentcrartennoctu raroaa ‘nMeTs’, 70, Kak oTMeNan 9. Benmenuct [1974], 9ToT raaroa npunaa- HORM K MHCTY NOSAHMX RO MHOTHX 3KIKAX MEIPA, BooGure B. [puuxa » caoem uccaeaosanun pyxonoacrayerca 4pesniaiitio 10,0 TBOpHLIN, Ha Halll B3TIH 1, TESHCOM: HHCTHIX THTOMOTHUECKHX THTOR He cyMecTRYeT. ITO 3HAMHT, UTO B OJHOM S3HIKE MOTYT COCyieCTBORATH YePTsI pasANUHOTO eTpox NpeIOKeHUs. Hl «HesTATON- ble» MepTbI MOryT MOO! MPOABASTHCA B ASHIK HeOAWIAHHO. HanpHMep, B PYCCKHX HMEHHEIX * Mul ocrasiaeM B cTOpoHe BONpOC 06 HaHaMATBHOH CeMaHTHKe aopHeTa & PurBete. CM. 06 aTox [Gonda 1957; Dahl 2010]. '° Tlacempiioe npruactie B npetepHTe Miorma MeHtAeT choi 3ax1OT H CTaHtOBHTTeR TloKasaTenest axTHBA, [lo- BILIUMOMY, NeHTANbHbI cydupHKE MPOULEMIIETO BpeMeHH B rePMAHCKHX sAIHIKAX ARIACTEA TO MPOHEKOAKTIC- MIO TAKHM 7ke NpHsacTHteM,K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 61 KOHCIPYKUNAX AaNHO yae GAIAM YeTAHOBNEHD ABICHHA, HaTOMUNAOMUE 2praruBHOe npeAIO- xcHne, Ecnit mpit MeHH AciiCTANA CTONT TONBKO OAH AKTAHT, TO OH MapKHpyeTes porte HIM TaLeKOM, Oy:{b TO cYObEKT HAH OOKEKT AelicTBHs (nocemenUE OMYA MOKET ObITb Tpalte- chopmom anyx pasmnunix npeutoxenuit: Omey nocemus kozo~1u6o u Kmo-auéo nocemut omya). Een 2ke mpi orraarosHos UMeHH MpHeyTCTBYIOT HMeHa, OGoIHataoUNE cyGREKT H OOKeKT, To Mepsbiit ofpopMuIseTes HHIAYe, C MOMOKKIO THOPHTeMbHOTO NasLeKA: NoceUenue OMYOM coI1a vs. nocewenue cuinom omya, Mayanpuine 970 sasienne A. C. UnkoGana [1952] n B. V. Pax [1972] ¢ NOAHBIM OCHORAHHEM AILIeAH 3;{ech ANATOF apratuBHOTO crpost. Ho TO, KOHeUHO, He 3HaMINT, uTo pyceKMit #361 OTHOCHTCA K 9praTHBHEIM. Heprst pasHuHOTO CTPOR COCYICCTBYIOT B OHOM AGbIKe, ABTOP 9THX CTPOK MPEMMONOAKHL, TO MOLOGHBIE «PraTHBHBIe> HPT A3bIKA PAsBIiBa- 1oTes TAM, He HIArOMbHAA MopiposOrMA yrpATIUTA 3as1OrOBY10 OIMOIUIHO: TAK, OTTHATONUOE HMA B PYCCKOM s3HIKE MOET OBHAIATH 1 jlelicrAMe, H Hperepnenanne [KpacyxuH 2013] 2.8.1, Henno ¢ 9roii TOUKH seni, Ha Ha BaFAALA, H csIeAYer pacemarpHBaT MpoGIeMy XeTTCKOTO «oprarHRay, KOTOpAs COGpasta AOBOABHO IHAsMTTEABHY;O sUETepaTypy. MecnexoBABUNNT nepanim 970 snnenne 9. Jlapom orMeTHLI, To HMeHa Ha -ni- B XCTTCKOM RORCE He OGA3ATEATHHO komIeKTHBHBIe''. YoMsnyrste B Havae HaMeli paGorés xeTT. eshananza, uetenanza, sehunanza oGosuaiaior BHoaHe eAUNUYHBLe CyMIOCTH (B OTAMUHE OF KONIEKTHBHBIX UMeH TUNA uiddar <*u(ejdor ‘noaut’). Caegonareabio, OcHoBHaA (byHKUNS THX UMeH — BuIpameHHe cyOweKTa pH nepexoaHBIx rHaronax. HiMeHa *e CPeAHETO Poa BOOTIE, KAK MBI YAAE OTMEAIIH, PEMKO SAHHMAIOT NOSHUMIO MOATEKaWero, Ho AaKHEIM 9. Japoma [Laroche 1962: 38—39], Goa uaa rpynna HMeH, OGoaaaOMIAR HeOAYUIeRAeHHEe NpeAMeTH H AGCTPAKTHHIe HOMATUA (KETT. pahhur ‘orons’, eshar ‘kpons’, lmuassi ‘crena’, taru ‘epeno’, nepis “eGo, tekan “seman” — cero 19 UMCH), MOKET OMIT CYOBCKTOM TOTBKO B MMCHHBIX MpesLIOKEHHAX H MPH MpemHKATAX ‘Tuna ‘OBIT, HMeTs MeCTO, CTaHOBHTKes”, A TAKE *ropers’ (OTOH), “Teas, Spwrsrarh’ (KPOBD), ‘coxnytn’ (qepeno). TakHM o6pasoM, onmosmus HMeH Ha -ant- w cperHero pola Mora HocHTS chitraKcnsecknii xapakTep, MoxHO CkasaTs M Tak: cyt). -anf- CHHMAeT OrpaHMeHHs Ha covera~ EMOCTS, HAKIAVIGIBAEMBIE EKCHHECKHM SHaMeHHEM HMeHH. Tpusiny raxoro pacnpexenenus Jlapo ent a aovelicraun cy6- u axcrpara. Cnenyer % METHTD, TO B AACTPATHOM XYPPHTCKOM SKIKE CTPOH! NPeLIOACHMA OMpeseaseT 9prarueHtas KOH CTPYKUN, TAK TO B HEM AGCONOTHBHBIM NaIeKOM MapKUPYeTes CYOBEKT H CTATHBHOFO, H aK- ‘THBHOTO, HO HerepexomHOrO Fnarosla: a) XyPPHT. aste un-ett-a “RCHMUAHA MIA"; 6) senniwwu-s aste sar-us-a “oii Spar nossan Kenmmmy’. B npextoxenmm (a) cyGnexr sirparKen Hystenoit dpmex- cueii HMeHn, a raron cHaGxKeH MoKa3aTeteM cyOBeKTHOTO cnpsxcHHA -a; B MperToKeHMH (6) cyOnekr MapKuponan 9praruBubim adhukcoM -s, OGBeKT crouT B aGcomoTHBE, a raaroa MMeeT noKaxares nepexognoro uperepura -us- u cyGbexra -a. Cam Jlapout, npuBoxa xyppurexue 11a- PAILIEAH, OTPHUAeT BOIMOAHOCTH UX HeMOCpe/ICTREHHOTO RANANNA Ha XETTCKHI «opraruRy: KOH ‘TAKTBI XYpPHTOB ¢ aHaTOsIiNAMH HaYHHAIOTeS NPHMEpHO C XVI B, 10 H. 9., TOMA KaK YKABAHHOE anrienne cnenyer orHeeTH K OOMeaHtaTOsIHiiCKOH HOXe (He HOWKe III THIC. 0 H. 9.). Jeo B TOM, 40 Mena Ha -nt- ¢ noLOGHOli Ke byHKUNel cydbHKca NMeIOTes HB sIyRUIicKOM: farusa- Vs. tarusant- ‘cratys’, taxxe tapassanti ‘ue6o’ (= xert, nepis / napisanza), tiiamanti ‘senna? (xeTT. tekan) (Laroche 1962: 43]: (39) ayBuiicKuti assa-mma elelhandu tainati mallitati tainatii-ata malli aiaru tarapuua hurita tatariiamna /assa-tti elhadu tapassantis thiammantis taintiiata aiaru malli-tit-ata aiaru (KUB XXXV 54 11 42—44) “IycTD O1H CMOIOT MACHO H Med ¢ FYG, MACIO H Mea HPEBPAMLAIOTCA B HA, OAD, NPOKLLATIC; nyctb HeGo H semua Corper 910 ¢ ryG, mpepammaiores (Tak) Maco u Med’. "'B OnH4He OF ToxapeKHX, me ¢ oMOMBIO cy‘). -nf- oGpaayiores MmO‘ecTHEHHELE HMeNA: aru ‘ene3a — i. t, akrunt, 10x. A wal, B walo ‘nape’ — wit. 4. AB lant.62 Bonpocnt s3biKosHanna 2017. No2 Taxus oGpasom, uncua ¢ cy). -ant- oGosnasaior ne pocto semstIo u HeGO, Ho cyuMOCTH, Ha AeACHHBIe MarHMeCKOHT CHO. TaKXKe OTMETHM, TO AYBITTICKOMY AepHBaTy tiiammanti cooTRET- crayer xerreknit KOMMOSHT fagan-zipa. ITO FOBOPHT O TOM, TO OGILAs TeHLTeHUNA K OGpasona- HHTO OYHIEBNEHHDIX HMEH UIA BHIPAKCHHA AKTHBHBIX CYMLHOCTEH MOTTA PEAIHIOBATHCA B PAIHEIX anaronuiieKux sap1kax 10-paaHomy. CpannuM eue: xert, "hilanmar (ep. p., revepoxamruseckas octona) ‘kpenocritie Bopora’ — hilamnanza (out. p., tpoHsHoAHOe) ‘TO 2Ke” (KUB XVII 10 1V 11) —“hilanzipa ‘ayx asopa’ (KoMn031). 2.8.1.1, Knog Yexop [Tchekhoff 1978] noaaraer, 40 xerrcKuii «spratne» — sto o6memH- AOeBporieiickoe HacHeAMe, a Cy(p. -aif- BBITOAHACT YHKINHO HepeBOsLa HMEH B PaspsLt OY IIEB- AeHHLIX. B MPHBOAUMBIX HM THNONOFHYECKHX Hapainiesex OCOGEHHO LPUMeYATE:IHO TO, 470 BO MHOTHX S3bIKAX 9PraTHBHOTO THA HEOAYMIERNEHHBIE HM OAYULEMEHHBIE MMeHA-AreHceL Map Kupylores 110-pastomy. Tak, & GACKCKOM A3bIKe BOSMOXKHA KOHETPYKUNA, Te -k — HoKasarests aprarnea, -kin — MHcTpyMeHTauit, a motikwa ‘MasbYMK” — OCHOBA HMeHH Ges BuIpAKEHHOTO rpamariveckoro noxasarest (41) backcxnii gisona-k ——ildu motikwa ——_kanita-kin Ses0ReK-ERG — YOUBATH-PRET MA/ISNIK-ARS _KaMeHb-INSTR “Yemonek yOu MambIHKa KaMHeN, Toxasarenbio, 470 uMs Kanita He MOKET COueTATKS € OKOHHAHHEM 9prarHsa, HOITOMY ero arenTHpHocTs abipaxkera baexcueli mucrpymenrasa. B aabirelickom s3hiKe ¢ HOKaxaTeneM 9pra- ‘THBa MOrYT COMETATKCS HMeHa, OGosataOMIE HOCTOsHHy!o JelicTBy:OULyKO cHTy: (42) anpirelicKuii a. Sable-m —soaza-r yeewae'ag NOUMIU-ERG —aReHINNHG-ABS — SUB-YOHRATI-PRET *Mosmus xenmany yOnnaer’; 6. Sezeye-m ye-wad'o-g ‘ale-r Wow-ERG —SUN-YGuMaTh-PRET MabIK-ANS ‘Hox nopasua Mania’. Ho eenn nepea namin ma, 218 KoTOporo Aelicrane He ARaKeTeR OcHORHO! byHKUUeHi, TO OHO He MOXeT cTOsTs B 9praTuRe. B agsireiicKoM OBIT Ge HeROsMOxeH OGOpoT *Saga-m ye-wad'a-g V'a-r ‘Tlepeso yOuz0 senonexa’, no Toupxo Saga-r q ‘ays ay l'a-r ya-wac''o-g ‘aepeno (+ apruKite) ynano, sexonex (+ apruxab) yOure (=uenoneKa yOus0)’. Fp Hamm oayurennennoro cyOu- exra-arenca opysuiinoe uma noaysaer onoaMHTenbHOI HOKaxATeNMy HICTpyMeHTas: (42) anuireticKnit B. U'a-m pxa'ase-m-é'e Sogoa-r NEHOREK-ERG —TLAYE-ERG-INSTR—eMLU-ARS SUIMOGpaGarnimary *Yenonek myrom 2evu0 oGpaSarsinaer’. Kax moxuo nonats, K. Yexodd upeanonaract cyueersosanue noxoGuoii 2prarusuoii Kou- cTpyknMH 1 B IpanHAoeRponeticKom. OqHaxo pasmHUcHHe HeOAYHICRMCHHEIX 1 OAYUICRTEHHBIX UMeH CBOHCTREHHO OTHIOb He TOsIDKO 9PFarHBHBIM sSbIKAM, B PYCCKOM ASEIKE HeOALYIICBLTEHHDIE HMeHA cBOGOAHO CTOAT B NOUN CyOKEKTA, HO TpaHe*opManHOHHBIe TECTHI (MepeBor CKAdy! Moro B HlaccHR H Geammnyio hopMy) NOKAIKIRAIOT MyGOKOe OTAHSHE OpysUiNEIX UMEH OT HMEH nosuimmuoro zesrexs, ep. (43) a. Mj = Kenguna youna ays yonctuna youn wcenuuny ‘uunoit vs. *7Kenuuny yOuro syareaunot, 6. Moanua youra verosexa + Tenoser youm sonnueti + Moanueit you1o 4exosena.K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 63 TunoaornsecKoe otansne pycexoro s3iKa oF asuirelicKoro cocrour B cacayiourem, Bropomy Tumy TpaxebopMarunn (TROPHTEABABIH Nate pH GesnH4HOM Parone) TOTREPKCHBI TOTBKO Te HeORYMIEBNEHHBIE HMEHA, KOTOPHIE BOSMOKHD! B CHTYAKM eTHXHIHGIX coGuITHI. HanpHMep, npexioxenne Tonopom yOu10 ve10KeKa HOIMOAHO ANU B TOM CAYHAe, ecsIK TOHOP caysaiiHO yhan cnepxy Ha esioneka (a He Onut Hanpazsien KeM-To). H conepuieHHo HeROAMO:HA TpaHeKpop- MAUNA CkasyeMoro B GesTHHBIi Karo MPH OYINEBTEHHOM cyOBeKTe. 2.8.1.2. 9, Bennenucr, ony6.Konar now paGory 0 XerTcKHX HMEHAX Ha -anf- B TOM KE HO- Mepe xXypHana «BSLP», uto 9. Jlapomr, cymectReHHo oTKoppexTHpoRa ero BMBORET. OH HOKA3AI1, WTO 9TH HMCHA He MOTYT ObITb OTORKIIECTRIICHBI CO CTOAILIMH B 9PFaTHBHOM TATE. Bo-nepauix, cyt). -ant- o4eHb peak MpHCoeAMMAeTCA K OAYWIERTEHHBIM uMeHaM, BO-BTOpEIX, On Kak HacToauunii eycpipuKe pacnpoctpanwsics Ha BCIO OcHORY, Tak, HOMMHaTHAY hameshanza ‘peca’ coorsererayer rennTne hameshandas, 2avB hameshandi, axkysaTK6 hameshandan, To ‘e OTHOCHTCH H K APYTHM HMeHaM. B-TpeTbHX, TOT Ke cytppUKE MpHCOEAMHIETER H K OCHO- aM uMeH HecperHero pos: 122i ‘nolicKo’ — tuzzilanza, mekkas ‘reno’ — tuekkanza ‘010%’, sazsa ‘noxe’ — sastanza (netpeiaetea 1p Bnge mymeporpammet “SINA-anza) ®, B-4eTRepTaix, Gpocaetes # ra3a MPOHSBONHOCTs OCHOR, K KOTOPHIM TIpHCOeAMHSeTeS 9TOT cydypMKe: eshar — eshanas — eshananza, pir — parnas — parnanza, hastais — hastiias — hastiianza *koevs' (nep- naa popMa — HoMuHATHB, BYOpaa — reHITTHB, B KOTOPOM MpeCraBeHa OCHORA KOCBEHHOTO 11a alexa), TakHM O6pasoM, HMEHA Ha -ant- HE MOTYT ObITb OTOAMECTE:ICHBI ¢ MaULeAHBIMH hopMan 9To OGpIuHEI cHOBOOSpasoBATeNbHHI Kaacc. TIpHMepHi Japomua, Kak NomepKHBAeT BeHBeHHCT, AelicTRHTeNbHO YRAIMIAAIOT Ha TO, HTO HMeHA Ha - 2.1. > yKasarestbHoe Mectoumenne, 3 11,> coBcTaeHHBLe HMeHa > HapHuaTesibuBLe MMeHa Co exenyioMell rpazannell: uiMena soqeli > oxyurennenuuie > HeonyutennenHEle, Paccsarpinas THM paculerienHot 9pra~ THBHOCTH, HCCTELOBATE:TH MOKAIHINACT, KAK BO MHOTHX 3bIKAX MECTOHMEHH| OGpasyiOT HOMHHA- ‘THBHYO KOHCTPYKUNIO, HMeHa — 9prarHBHY!O, Y OAYUIeBNEHHDIX HMCH H MecTOHMeHHil NOABLIA- eres ocoGaa Hopsta UIs BEIPAKEHHA MPSMOTO AONOMIEHHL, OTIMUHAS OF aGCOMOTHOTO NaslexKa (kak mpariao, Mapxupyiomeroes HyeRBIM OKOHMAHTEM). OnHAKO MPHMepoR Mlepexora H3 HeAK- ‘THBHOTO KilaCca B AKTHBHBII (Ges CYLIeCTBEHHOTO HSMEHEHHS CeMarTHKH) JLUKCOH HE NIPHBOAIT. Takum o6paiom, XeTTcKas 2prarHBHas KOHNCTPYKUMA BuIrAZAUT HeoOM4HO. P. Xopbuep 11K. Meawepr nosparsaior Hecormacnbim © HeOGXOAHMOCTHIO ee TOCTYsIMpORAT CHIEAyIOULHM OO paso, OrcyTeTBHe crleuHaNbHbIX MOKAsATEsIeIt ALIA MepexoAHOTO CHPsKEHHA CBASHIBACTER HMCHHO © GpacifenTeHHBIND? XApAKTEpOM XETICKO! IPraTHBHOCTH (4TO HECKOIBKO CHOPHO, EM. HIKE). Xogypuep u Memsepr Tawke crapaiorcs Aetanyuponars apryMmeHr 0 TOM, WT0 cyt). -ant- agers cnonooSpaxonaTemBHBIM: HeOGXOAUMBIM YCHORHEM CTO MOARACHHA Y HMCH cpeaHero pora oH CAHTAIOT HANHYME TlepexoAHOTO CKASyCMOTO, KOTOPOL HE MOKCT COMETATKCS C TOUTEAAIHM Cpe nero poaa. Hmenno B aannoii byuxunu cy. -ant- asaaetcs rpammarueckum noxasaresem. Ho- HOKEHHE 0 XCTICKOM 9PrarHBHOM HaLeKe MpuHaTO B caoBape A. Kayxxopera [Kloekhorst 2008]. 2.8.1.2.2. Aprymenma Xoduprepa # Mesmepra (1 HeKoTOpEAX sAPyrHX HCHeOBATEsIeH) HOBTO- peut paGore [Teffeteller 2015], rae exenan nechma npumesatenbtniit nino. Cyd). *-ont- a Ka- uectae cnennatHoli Mopibemb! HecpexHero Poa H TeM Hae NOKataTeAA 9prarHBHOro naeKA He 3AeBINETEAKCTBOBAH HH B OHO! FPynINe HHACCEPOTICHICKHX A3KIKOB, KPOMe axlaTONHTicKOit, Takyto ero yHKnio enemyer CHHTaTh HAHORALNCH. Ona BOSHHIMIA, OXCRHAHO, B TOT MepHos, Kora anaromtiicKnii npassiik oTAemHICs OT OGuleHHACEAPONeiicKoro. [IpermarasHes ABA Mapu pyTa npuxona naoesponeiines B Manyio Asmio: 4epes basikanbt 1 Kapkas. Ha Kapkase cyute~ CTBYET GosIbIIOE KONIHYECTHO SIZbIKOB OPFATHBHOTO CTPOS; O4EBIAHO, HMEHHO KONTAKT € HHMI PAIBIL B XETTCKOM HavATKH 9prarHBHoi KOHCrpyKunH, Takas NOCTaHOBKa BONpOCA, ParymeeTcA, CTABHT TOUKY B ANCKYCCHH 0 (AOHOMHHATHBHOM MPOULION MpaHHAOEBporelicKoro #3sIKOBOTO, COCTOSHINS: ECHIH GH OHO JLelicTAHTEABHO HMeEsIO MECTO, €:1BA 1H NIpAaHATOsIHICKOMY s13bIKOBOMY COCTOSIIHIO HOHALOGHIOCe NPeEPAMLAT HIHAYATGHO CHOBOOGpAxORATeAHBIT cytp. *-ont- B M10- kazaten 9pratima. Cxopee Grr crapuie nagexunte dpnexcun *-s 1 *-m/-Z dynxnnomnpora Kak 9praTnpusiii u aGcomorueli nazexn, onyctum, sro noaaepaxanusiii A. Tedressep u nanGoace pacnpocrpancuusit nsrasa Ha 10- KasINaWio UnACeEpOLLelicKoii npaposUuL OMMNGOYeH; MpanHAOeAPOneliusl ObLUK AGOpureHAMEL Anaroann — sanagnoii [Renfrew 1987] na nocrownoi (Pamxpenuate, Mnanon 1984]. Hame- HIT AIH 9TO BITS Ha PeKOHETPYKUMIO LOHOMMHATHBHOTO CrpOs? EstHa 1H. OcHOBHBIe NpoTHBO- peu ocraiores B cHsie, Chopmysupyest Hx TAK A. Bosbiinicrso pexonerpykusii mpautoesponeiicKoro 9praruBuoro iH akTHBHOTO CTpos mpianator *-s oxoHannem 9prarupHoro /axrHaHoro Tiagexka, *-m /-@ — aGcomornoro. Ho xerr- cckuii, KaK H APyTHe HHLIOeRPOTTICKHe AIBIKH, He OGHAPYAAUBACT cs1eOR NOAOGHOTO pacntpestesIeHUs. B. Eauuctaenuoii 4eproii, xoropas MOXXCT BOCKOMIT K LOHOMUMATUBHOMY HPOULIOMY, B XCTT- CKOM SRAKCTCA HCROIMOKHOCTH YHKIMOHNPORAHHS HMCHH cperHerO pora Kak cyOReKTa pH nepexoattom rs1arone. B. [bis npeonorers raKoit HeBOIMOAHOCTH HETOMBSYeTEH HIHAYATDHO CHOBOOGPAsOBATeTD- nusii cy(b. -ant-, umeroumnii umpoxuii cnextp sHaenmii B XeTTcKOM P. HoxoGuoe ero ynorpeGenne He 1apxeuponano a apyrux rpyninax uH,JoeRpontelicKHX sc3K1- 0B, HibiMst COBAMH, NePEAHTOUHOE 3HAYEHHE BHIPAKEHO HOBLIM TPAMMATHECKHIM CrIOCOGOM. ‘31o BOIMOXHO THULE B YeIOBNSX s3bIKOROTO KOHTAKTa, B cHysae ABTOXTOHHOCTH aHATOHiilteR ce paBHO CaeAyeT npeaTOAOKUTE BANAHHe CoceAHMX #361KOR. Ho MpHXon uHACeBporelineR 3 CesepHoro IiprepHomopsa epes Kapkas 8 Manyio Asiio noaTaepaxKsaeTea MHO-CCTBOM 3 Bonpocus saiasoaanna, Ne 266 Bonpocnt s3biKosHanna 2017. No2 APXCONOTHMECKIX H METBHCTHYCCKUX zannBIx. H pasbutue oprarusubix Hepr B anatoauiieKHx ASBIKAX OOBACHACTCA HMEHHO KOHTAKTAME HX OGILETO MPaa3bIKa C CCREPOKABKASCKHM ACTPATOM. 2.8.1.3. B xerrexom cymecrnonaiiu pasamininie cHocoGst ozymlennena HeosyueReHHOTO uMeHn: cronocsomenne (tagan-zipa), eydp. -ant- m Temaririauuns (€ dheKeneli -s). 3uech npeare BCETO HEOGXOANMO OTMETHTD HMA Parnas, MPOHSBOAHOE OF pir “OM H CHHOHHMMHOe parnanza, » KBo X 45 IV posmoxuint pasnourenns [Laroche 1962: 31]: (48) xerrewwit kassa-za URU-az (= -as) parnanza (var. parnas ML-in Kl-an argaru “TCTs ops H 9TOT JOM" B KO3Ta OGpaTsTes, H Myer TeMHyrO seMO B cTeNH GysyT PETE!” a) UDU.A. LUM DU-ru nu LIL-ri Apyroit npumep nepexona mMenn 8 oayutessrenubtit Knace nyTem TemarHsanun — pahhuenas, hopwa, ssioMIasics OHOBPEMeHHO reHHTHBOM OT pakhur ‘oroHb’ WTeMaTHHECKHM HOMIHATH- nom (49a). 91a opwa nome cHHoHmMHHA OcHORe Ha ~ant- (496) (49) xerrcKuii a, (man] antuhs(an] huuahh[urtin] plah]uenas epzi (KUB VII 36 VsIll 12) ‘orga we0BeKa 3a ropo oroub Geper” [Tehekhoff 1978: 229]; 6. man... °IM-as man-an ualahzi pahhuuenanza man-an arha warnuzi (KBo XXXII 14 16—8) “no, Koraa Gor Teumy6 ee [ropy] paspyutn, oroHs ee NomHOCTHIO cox:KeT” (XETTO-Xyp- purckaa Guaunrea), Ha oror rpammara4ecknii eriocos eneayer oGparHth ocoGoe BHAMAHe, J[e10 B TOM, ¥TO TeMATHIAIUUA KAK COCOG OSparoRAHHIA OAYUICRACHHEIX HMeH AOCTATONHO pacnpoetpaneHa B XETTCKOM ASbIKE. TAKHE HMEHA COOTHOCATCA C MePBHYHBIMH aTEMATHYECKHMH B Mu1aHe CO JePKAHHS KAK HMA HOCHTEAA MIpHsHaka ¢ HMEHEM CaMOTO NpHSHAKa, HN “WeHa Kitacca © HMe~ nem kaacea: wastul ‘rpex’ — uastulas *rpeumus’, taiazil ‘kpaxka’ — taiazilas ‘nop’ [©puapux 1952: 131]. Taxoe axe aavenne HMeer TeMaTHIALNA HMeH HB IPYTHX HA;LOeBporetieKHX IBIKAX [Krasuchin 1996: 61—62]. Cnenosarenbno, pahhuenas uaHaMasbHo Gbi0 HMeHEM HHH, Bxogsiero B Ki1aCe, OGOIHAYAeMBI HMeHeM pahhur. Takas HecHOKHas Napasiien’ nomoraer ToHATs H >YHKINNH HMeH Ha -ant- R XeTTcKOM, OxeRHAHO (9TO MO‘KHO 3AKMONNITE NO anarOrHH ¢ HMeHaMH Ha -as), TakHe HMeHa OGosHavaTH eRUHMUHEIe 1 CTpyXTYpHpORAHHEIe MpeAMeTEr, B OLNMSe OT NepBHAHBIX HMeH, YKASIBABUIX Ha Gostce pactuInBAarEIe cyuMOCTH. BosMon- HOcTD TaKorO pasBuTua hyHKUUN 9TOrO CyhuKCA HOATREpAAAeTCA H AHEMMUM cpaBHEHMEM. On, no-nnaumomy, siaaseres pacumpennem npoctoro cyip. *-n-", KoropEii oSpasyer w apeRne- rpeeckoM uMena coGersennbie: pilos — Piawy, ‘Ayadis — ‘AyaSy [Solta 1958]. On Ke MO- 2keT OOPAIORATH HK HMEHA OAYUIeBNEHHBIX cymMocTeli (nar. humus “seMaa’ — homo <*heman “uenonek"; 10 Tomy 2Ke THny OGpaxonaHo 1 Ap.-upa. duine). Vinwint cnomaMn, HHLHENAyAAIIN pytomas dysnua storo cydpdukea Hecomnenna, OrwerHM H csreayioutee. BOsbUIMHeTHO MPOHSBOAHBIX HMeH Ha -ant H3BeCTHO B dopMe uneuutenpuoro nasexKa. Kocnenune naxexn oGpasylor caeayioume nena: xerr. kdsza *ro- nox’ (nporsRoqHoe Ha -it- — B akKayO-XeTTeKOM cnoRape kastanza ‘TonOA’ H URCTPyMeHTaNe kisantit, ep. (50); hamesha- *wecta-pantiee seT0’, zena- ‘nevo-panuias oceHs’, gima- ‘sHMa’. Bech uMa parnanza /parnas coemuneno ¢ Bose HeaKTHBABIM mpemHKaTOM DU-ru ( caesactes’ ¥ Cytp. -n-, nooGuo -1f-, Mower asIeTynATH It KAK MpHMacrHBAi: rpes. serio “HacenaTs’ — muwent. kities! = xenevai (PY Na 520) ‘on nacesisor’, perpeserrtupytoutee siietylo OcHony ze2t- (cp. p.-una. ksivdnti “oust axuByr”) — oTRTarOAbHOE HMA ZEOLxTIOVES “Nepecenettttt’. saru) “nyer®K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 67 Y uexoropix bopant Ges -ni- acrpewaiores ToubKO B KOCBeHBIX HaNeAKAX: pos. 1. hameshas, aat.-mect. hameshi, aGn, hameshiiaz; nat.-Mecr. gim(m)i. (50) xerrcxnii Kistantit harkiianzi (KUB XVII 10 1 17—18) ‘c roaoay ymupaior’ Tpeacrasum marepias 8 Buse TaGmiu 3 (gimm- ‘sna’, hamesha- *pectia-pantee Neto’, zena- “nosjuee ero-oceun’, kast- / kist- *r0s109"). TaGauya 3 Becne |e | Bowne | ah] Bese | _-nte ca N— gimmanza | — |hameshanza} — | zenanza — C— [gimmantas [haméshas[hameshandas |zenas__[zenandas_| _— = D-L. gin | gimmantt | hameshi | hameshanti | ent enanti | kasti — A Finmantan [hameshan_[hameshantan| _— —__[rastan = tT = = = = —__[Rasstira_[Ristaniir™ Ab — = = = = = = Mint kast- ornocutes & oGmtemy poy, pononas axe npHHayIeKHoCTh gimm-, hamesha-, zena- nenanectua, Cyt). -mi- eck nHO CHYKUT LIA MePeROAL ITHX HMeH B OLyMIeREHEBA Po. 3a- cay:kuRaeT BHUMAHHS TO, HTO HMEHHO TakHe HMeHA MopiposOrHseckH aKTHREEL opis AaTHBA-TOKATHBA Ges -11- BBICTYTIAIOT B KaeCTHE HapeHHii: hameshi /zeni/ gemi kisari ‘oo enyyaeres RecHoil /oceHDIo /snMoii”. Kak noxiexanine xe PYHKUMOHUPYIOT POpMBl c =n man hameshanza/zenenza/ gimanza kisari ‘necna/ ocems /amMa nactaer’. B nenusecKom can CKDHTE MOAKHO HAGIIOAATs TOXOAYIO KApTHHY: HMEHA BEMeH Toda Ges cyd). nit- OGO3HAYAKOT ‘TOsIDKO COOTBETCTBYIOIEE BPENA, € cy(MpUKCOM — TAKZKe BPEMeHa, BHICTYMAIOMIMe KaK MlOTeH- uuambHo axtupume cyuuocti. C oanoii cropous — vdsar ‘recnoi’, heman “sumoit’, ¢ apy- roii — Satém jiva sarédo vardhamantah Satém hemantan chatém u vasantan (X 161, 4) “(uycts) 2KUBYT CTO JIeT NPOUBETAIOULNX, CTO IHM, CTO BeceH”, Cyt). -nf- B BERHHECKOM BOHCE He rpaMMa- ‘THKANHGHPORAH; CHAGAKEHHBe HM HMeHa hemantah, vasantah eoGorHo coeraiores ¢ Sarddah B o6men, i xerrexuit ey). -ant-, mu ero npototun He OTpaxKaioT AOHOMMHaTHRHOTO MpO- MITOTO B MpanHAoeRponelicKom. CKopee, MOxHO TOROPHTE O TOM, UTO B XETTCKOM 3TOT HMeH- noii muansuayanusupyioumnii nepcommbuuupyiounii cydpuxe cran Gonee rpammatusnnin, 1M. B pauHgoesponeiicKom. ITO, B OAHOM cortacun ¢ TeOpHell CMELIAHHBIX THIIOB #3bIKA, CO31AO KOHCTPYKUMH, HaTOMMaONHe aKTHBHEI CTpoi npesroxKenns. B nocneHEM no BpeMeHH onH- canun 9toro eytpuxea ®., [Osedcon [Josephson 2004] puizesser cnemyroune ero @yHKunH: HHAMBIIYATBHAS H TONHKATHSyIOMLAd. Tak ABTOP PASHACHAICT PASHMILy Mery murtanza/ murta “pou apenecuumt’ p rexere 13 Mauiara, ep. (51) xertcKnit a. zik-mu "zus SES.DUG.G[A-YA] murtanza EGIR-pa... hatrai (72 rev. 34 f8.) “ros, Opar moit Liye, mimi sure a remy m."; 6. nasta murta twelma karassandu (bv. 9) ‘u -TBOIO m. NycTe OHM CHAT’. Takum o6pasom, IOsed)con BHANT sec OGocoGneHHe, BBLIesIeHHe HMEHH ¢ MOMOLISIO Cyd). -ant- sax norenuHanbuo cySnextuoro. B coueTaunM ¢ upHiarareabHbIMHL OH TORE UpHAACT UM orrevox wianauayannsauni, cp noerdpuxe “H porspoana, KaK H witenant- oF uatar, Sa — yrnepanresbut "© Octiowa co cryticnb10 ~ 3868 Bonpocnt s3biKosHanna 2017. No2 (52) xerreKuii a, dannarandan DUG.GAL harzi (KUB XX 25 oby. 11-12) ‘on aepauT GoKas nyeTbIN’; 6. IIGAL GIR, dannaras danzi nu 1-EN GAL GIR, [STU GESTIN sunanzi (KBo TI 4 11 7-8) ‘epyt 1pu nycTuIx GoKaa u omy BHHOM HanOMLsHOT’. Ha 9Tom npumepe ocranoruMmes HecKoabKo noapoGuee. ©. IOsedcou auaHT agech «eneus- anvupytomiee» sHattenne cy(p. -ant-; 43 ero mpuMepa H muTepnperatun (danarandan ‘an empty one’ mpi HasIH4HH Onpenense Moro) csIeAYET TosIbKO TO, HTO MpHsIArATEABHOE MpHOGPETO OTTEHOK mpeaukarupHoctit. BHAUMO, 9TO pasBitTHe 3HaNeHus EAUAHHOCTH H OCOGOCTH. Hurepecuoii ocoGennoctnio xeTreKoro, KaK Mb OTMEMAIH, ARKIETER HaNUHE HACCHBHEIX npwuacrhit Ha -nf-, OveBHAHO, 9TO SHAYEHHe, MIpH BCEX ero MPOTHBOPeUHAX ¢ LAHHBIMH AIpy- THX J3DIKOB, ABIACTCH PASBHTHEM OGUEl HICH NPHHA/LIEHOCTH, KOTOPAd KIpocMarpHBAeTCA B 9rom cyipduxce. Cp. *ker- ‘por’ — nem. Rind (< *kr-ent-) ‘porarsiii kor’, ap.-nH1. jarant- (rpex. yéoev, ovrog) ‘erapux’ (jdrati ‘paspymars, zeraTe Xpynkum, cTapsiM’), aut. [Fnanti diend “‘goxscMBb4ii Jens"; eM. HonpoGuee [Watkins 1969: 142—145; Schmalstieg 1984: 11] Diu apropsi nosaraior, 410 xerrcKuii coxpanser saece apxansM, oanano I. Kypuosa [Kurzova 1999; 511512] cupaweaamuo ykasbiBaer Ha TO, ITO OTTArOMbHBIE HMeHA YacTO OKASHIBAIOTCA aMGHBANCHTHEIMH & OTHOEHHH sMaTesb"". BooGute sa anannsa 3HaveHHA cytb. -anl- B XCTTCKOM MlOJIeSHO BCHOMHNTH TeoperHYECkHe ochonst 1ay1eHHs caonoopaxonanns, RIpaGoranumle B pasKkax MockoRcKoii (popryHaroncKoii ixoau. Cymlectayior sine pasHoniHOCTH CAOROOSpAIORAHHA: AePHBANMA, HH CORNAHHE COR 2019 HOBLIX NOHATHIT, H MOMS, HUM COSMAHHE CHIOB JI HHBIX KuACCOB HSBeCTHMIX HronstTHii [LH poKos 2003: 261 4 ca]. K MouMOHHOMY THY cOROOGpasORAHHA OTHOCATCR: HMeHA ¢ YMeHK- INHTeABHO-MacKaTesTbHDIM Cy‘ppUKCOM, HMeHta CO 3HaMeHHeM CYMECTR HHOTO TIO: Kya — Ky, suc — aca (stucuya, npodasey — npodasujuya. Ciona KE MOKHO OTHECTH H CYNIUICTHBUSMEL ‘Tuna Opam — cecmpa, ams — omey. Mekay jlepHBaraMn 1 MONMOHEBIMH (bOpMaMH HET He- MpoxosuMOit rpaniusl. Eom uns éenzepka oGOsHANAeT KEHLUMHY BeHTEpeKo! HaLMOHATBHO- CTH, TO OHO CAAIAHO € CHOBOM cenep OTHOUIEHHAM MoU, B 3Ha4eHi ae ‘cammHa’, “pos TaHMa’, “Kyprka Co MIHypaMu’ OHO sBNAeTCH GesyCIOBHHIM JlepHBatoM. H HMeHHOIt cyt). ~ant- B XETTCKOM Moker GuiTb OXapaktepHsOBAH KAK MOLMOHHBl, NepeBOUHi HMeHA H3 cpemHeEro porta B OGLLHIK Ho on moxker abicTyaTs HB KavectRe epHRalorHoro: wine (cp. p.) ‘eTpaHa’, a MpoHsBOAHOE utneiiant u MoxkeT O3HauaTe ‘cTpana’ (06m. p.) H ‘HaceneHtte’. 2.8.2, Boupoc © xerrckoii 9praruanoii KoNCTpyKUNM crleUMaIbHO paccMarpupaes B craTbe A. Pappera [Garrett 1990], xoropiiii pues K nbtRoay © rlepeocmmicaleHniH 4tech UCTPyMeHTaIs, UMeHYs TaKOBBIM, BNpoveM, aGnaTHB. JorHKka Tappera TakoRa: opsa B AAHHOM naleKe BHIpa- 2kaeT MMCHHO OpyaHiiNyIo bYHKLUNO, NTO XApakTepHO JIA HeOMYINEBNEHHBX HMEH MPH Mpest- AOKCHUAX C HEAKTHBHBIMH (HEORyMIERTEHHBIMH) CyGbeKTaMM: XeTT. n-at uitenanza parkuni ‘970 Rogoii oummactea’ — n-at uitenanza parkunuzi ‘>TO Roa ovMMacT’. ZaMeTHM, 4170 opwa uitenanza — 970 W He aGnATHR, OJAKO MOKA OCTABHM 9TH ROSPAKCHHA ALIA TOTO, ¥TOGH OMe uurb uaen Tappera » yeaoM, Ou uexoaut H3 Toro, 410 HIICTPYMeHTAsD pH MepexOMABIX Faro sax HrpaeT poms AOSaBOMHOTO ZAelicTRHA H MPH TpaHcopManuH MOXeT c7eMATKCH OCHORHBIM nesrreste (53) John opened the door with the key + The key opened the door. “JJasou orxpuiwact kuloxom aBepe’ — ‘Ksuo4 orxpuipact aBepi © Taxus o6pasoM, paspurrie 13 oawoli bopMbi miaroaoe Kak selicrBuresbuOro, Tak M eTpaxArenbHOrO 32- nora eMoHcTpHpYIOr He ToTEKO peKoeTpynponaniibie TeMaTHYeckHe Mporormarsia Tuma *LiKE (y Kypu- onia) 1m *g“ené (y YorkuHica), Ho W arioaHe peasbuBe MpiacTHs ¢ cyt. -m/-. Coa ae MOXHO pH Sapirte m repynanit 8 attraniicKon.K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 69 Taxue umeua opyanii nepeocmnicasiores Kax opraru, A, Xoppuc u JL. KosunGea wospa- “KawOT MPOTHB ETO YTREPAACHHA 0 TOM, ITO MOTOGHY!O TparcopMantiG MMeHA MOTyT MpeTep- HeTb TOsIBKO IPH MEPEXOAMBIX MAPONAX, YKASKIBAK Ha €€ BOSMOAHOCT MPH AGCOMOTHOM YNO- ‘rpeGnennn noxoGuErx raronon (Harris, Campbell 1995: 420]: (64) a. John writes with the pen — This pen writes well. ‘Jhon numer pysKoit? — ‘Dra pyska numer xopomo”, 6. John cuts with the dull knife + This dull knife cuts poorly: ‘TbKon pexxet TynbIm HoxOM’ — ‘Fror TyNIO; HO pexeT c TPyON’. BameriM TaicKe, 417o HOAIEAALIMe B-TpaLCPopMMUPOBAHHEX NpeLAOKeHHAX cyTb opysuiinuLe Mena, HO CTOsT OTHIOAb He B TROpHTeNbHOM HaLeKe. OH BAIpaxeH npeIorOM with. OxeBHAHO, Tapper nionuMaer nicrpyMentasts mlMpe — Kak HMManeHTHYI0 XapaktepHeTHKy opyaMiiHDIx nen, Ho xerrekutii ey). -ant- rpysio oxapakrepysonare Kak opyatniintaii, TTO-BiAMMOMY, {It TOTO 9prarHBa NPHXOAUTeA NpHUsHATh THHOTOFHECKH perkuii nyTS passurua: 1) MOSHI CyG- eTa MepeXOAHOTO raaros1a ROIMOXKHA TOABKO Aa HMeH OOMLETO (oAyMeRTEHHOTO) pora (He O6s- SaTesIBHO OGOsHAYATOUIHX OyIERTTeHHBIe cyuHOCTH!), 2) cyd). -ant- nepeBomNT HeoAyUIeRAICHHIe uineua b paspa oyureaneunnix. Jpyrusi cnocoGamu Mor Guits Temarusauua (¢ upudapae- nem dulexcui OOulero pod -s) H CHOBOCAOAEHHE OCHOBLI KOCBEHHOTO AIeKA C UMeHEM Sepa ‘ayx’. Kak BHANM, Mepex HAMM HaraAHblit MpHMep rpaMaTHKATHsaLH: MpeBpanteHHe cI0BO- OGpasonatesbHOrO cydMpHKea H OTLCITBHOTO CORA B CLOBOMIMEHMTETBHYIO MoppeMy. 2.9. B ynonuuanmetics crarse B. JIpunkn Hapaay © xputistecxuam saMevannssin B anpec Te- OpHH AKTHBHOTO CTPOs COAEPARHTES 1 OCTOPOAKHOE MPH3HAHHe ero BoIMoxHOCTH [Drinka 1999]. Tlo MieHio HeenegoRaTess, 8 NpAHHOERPONTHCKOM MOFTO HMETH MECTO HeNTO BPOsIe «pac menaenHoit axtHsHocti (split activity), no axazormu c pacttennennoii sprarusnoctaio. Ee cae AbI aBTO HAXOAHT B MoptorOrHH HHLOEBpoNeiicKoro Hepiexta. Iry kareropmio B. JIputsKa poccranasnusaer no cxeme 9. Hoa [Neu 1968b; 1976]. Commacuo Horo, nepsianias onmosmiHs MuaoesponelicKoro rarona Gaia He acneKTyaibHOl, a 3atorosoii: aKTHB NPoTHBONOCTaBAICA nepibexry-craruay, 3arem MecTe € paaBHITHeM ONMOSHH HepBUIMIX H RTOPHUHBIX OKOHAIT B AKTHBE, B CHCTEMe NepdekTa-cTaTHBA TOKE PAIBHIAC ONNOSHIUN NpeseHca H He-Mpeserica, (Ona Bitpasniace B eMeHe TeMOpa racHoro, em. TaGaINLy 4 Taéwuya 4 Tpennas eras Hopan craaua Yuc10 AKTHB Tepibexr anno Axtus | Tepexr Tipesene | He-npesene | Mpexene | He-npesene Tex, a * Ho mi em Ha Ho Zena Ss Ho st Hla "Ho Sen, et *0 ti me *0 sen nt 10 nti Fat "Wr or B, J[pmaxa cunraet, To mepdext-ctaTHe Mor nepRoHayabHo CoueTATKCS C HEAKTHRHBIM cyGb- exrom. Csledibi crarHBHoro Hepiekra AOCTATOUHO XOPOLIO H3BECTHI; OHM HEOAHOKPATHO OTICHI- AJC B KlaccHYeCKHX paGorax [Wackernagel 1904; Renou 1925; Chantraine 1927; Tepessmy- ‘rep 1977]: 910 nenepexogumte nepibexTst, OGpazonanitete OT MepexomHbIX 1arOs1OR, CP. HeAMTICK. tanéti ‘vanyts’ — taténa ‘on aeitanyt’, vindati, cétati ‘uaxonure’ — véda, cikéta ‘on anaer’, jusdti ‘wxyuiars’ — jujdsa ‘on Hacnawjaeres’; TacKe NepHeKTs ¢ APKO BIPAeHHO!t crarHB- Holi ceManTHKoii cakdna ‘on nosoGen’, bibhdya ‘ou Gowres’, fasthau ‘on HenogemKen’, Sasraya ‘on ocraaaen’, anaia ‘on uncer’, habhiiva ‘on ects’ (bhdvati ‘cranonutscs’). Cp. 06 9ToM [Kiparsky 1998; Kimmel 2000]. JJosoasHo MHoro TakHx nepiekTos B MpeBHerpeecKoM: Peto70 Bonpocpt s3n1kosHaniis 2017. No2 ‘paspyuare’ — ép9ooa ‘on paspyuien’, Siva ‘ryGure’ — dhwia ‘a noru6’, redyo “erpour’ — rerenyess ‘noctpoennbiit’, zei9e ‘yGexnaT’ — xéxo1a.‘a yOemnnes’ ; eM. paee Mepiext domge. B noatsepaxsenne pacnpocrpanentioro MHeHHs o pasBuTHH cnenMuyecKH nepheKtHoro sna senna sanepurennocrn 13 crarumuoro B, [[puitka upuBosuT janHBIe 13 CenepoamepuKaHicKOrO SabIKA MOXaK. 3lech HeprpeRTH, OGOsHAAIOUUNE COCTORHHE, BOIHHKMICE B PexyaBTATe MPOUIE- urero JelieTBH, MapKHpy!OTes NpePHKCOM wa-, XAPAKTEPHBIM JUL PArOIOB, OGOSHAMAOUIX HeKoHTpomHpyeMBili npoutece: MoxayKex. wa-k-ahe*yue *s yures”’ (nepipexT) — wa-k-enhra:th® ‘a cepononoe’, uk-wa-thré:?uehske? “a onzonea(a)*, Toxobuo npanoeRponelicKomy, HoKa3a- Temb CTATHRHOCTH 3Aeck PacMpoctpansetea OT COOCTRCHHO CTATHRHMIX TarosOR Ha TnaroaKt, OGosHAYAIONIME COOBITHA B MPOULIOM KAK HCTOSHMK MONOKCHH Jes. B HACTOAULEM. Apyroii cea Bosmoxuoli axrusuoii KoucTpyKunH npeaioxeuns B. Lpuaxa paar a sea ANbHOM 3aslore Hrarona, Nosaras, 4TO ps1 MArOMOB CO 3HAMEHMEM aKTHBHOTO jeHicTBHA H Cy- UlecTBOBAHHS OTHOCATEH K KATeFOpHH activa tantum (‘OBITE, HLTH, ECT’), TOTHa KAK CTATHB- ple PIarons! (“POKAATHCA, BIAIETH, HacsIaKAATHCH”) — 9TO media tantum [BenBermer 1974)" 11.9, Benmenncr a croeli kaaccueckoii paGore jlesaer BbInOA O TOM, HTO MesUaLTbEEIi 3a0F O2- navaet, 170 selictae — 90 HeyTo RHYTpeHHee To OTHOUIeHIHO K cySKeKTy. [onyTHo OTMeTHM, STO HeKOTOPHIE MarouIBABIe CEMBI MOTYT OHIT CRABAHKI KAK c activa, Tak H € media tantum: rpew chu ‘uaru’ anueno meauaasuoro saiora, a Zoxouar — axtusuoro, B aarsinn xopowo usBectHB omoxurenbunie riaroma gradior ‘warate’, ufor ‘nomopatbes’. Cpe TaKUX raarosoB BCTpe- alores BIIOsIHe MepexoAHBIe: rpeY. déZo}.a1 *Opars’. Ito OGCTOATENBETBO GbINO ONEH yslaXIHO oGbscneno FO. C. Crenaronnm [1989], KoTopstli noKasas, “To rpyrna rarosios media tantum. Guia OOpaxoRana AByMA KaTerOpHAMH: ¢ OOH CTOpOHL, CTATHBHBIMHL HArONAMH, € pyro! — riaroaann, oGomaaiomuustn jelicrane nn nponece, Berkut Lua senOReKa; ep. [Bakker 1994] Onn Mory? 6b1T» BromHe AKTHBHEL, H HX 3HAYEHHe COMOCTABHMO ¢ TAK HASHIBACMBIM MeMHEM 32- unTepeconanHoro Hua THNAa rpe¥. déerai, Ap.-HHA. ydjate “Ou conepulaeT ‘KepTRONPHHOUIEHHC. C rowkn apenna B. JIpmnxn, onmpatomelica na Gomburyio sHHTANeTHMeCKyIO TpasHITO, Meat Has heKcnia nponcxomuT Hs nepihexTHOli, HlomBepritelica BANAHMIO akTHBHOTO satora (Drinka 1999: 483485]. Pacemorpu 9t0r Bonpoc nogpobuee. 2.10. Tpeasze acero, pasaenenne nepipexra Ha nperepuranoisaii ¢ ¢bexcuamn *-Ho, *-tHo, +o wnpesen rupli (*-Ha, *-1Ha, *-e) He MOTHBMpOBAHO ¢hakTaMH HH OHOTO HHAOERpOTIelicKOrO ssbika. Oxonanne *-¢ mpesicranieHo B rpeseckoM rlepipekTe, ero cyies{bI HAXOAAT HB ATHIHH; *-0 — a xertckom Meguonacenme cnpaxxeniia Ha ~/i, OKOHMAHNA KOTOPOTO, Ho OOULEMY MHeHIIIO, oTpaxaroT HMeHHO HHgOeRponelicKnit mepiext. Kpome Toro, B ApeRHerpevecKoM 1 ROCTOUHO- Gautuiicxom Tematu4ecKom npeseuce, KoTOpEAii Takase CBAIAN ¢ MepieKTOM, 3.41. CH. 4. TAKE oSuapyaunaer napuaui, He CBaIaHHLLe C BpeMeNLOii ONMOIHUUeli: rpes, -<1 VS. MT. -a <*-o. Hane, nponcxoxsenne Meauanbunx ipaeKcuii 11 nephextauix BorbinaeT CepbesHEIe CO MHEHHS KaK ¢ (pOPMaNbHOii, TAK H ¢ CeMAHTHYECKO! TOKE spent. To MHeHIIO Hos (CM. TAKKE [Neu 1967; 1968a; 1968b]), npeseHTHEti Mennit oOpasonartes oF npeseHTHOrO NepdeKra, 1 10- oTomy ero (hiexeun Butta KaK *-(m)ai, *-sai, *-tai (rpe4. -jal, -eat, -Ta1, ap.-uHN. -e, -se fe), a HenpexentHstii — or nperepHTanbitoro Mpetexra, NOSTOMY OKOHaHHe 2 4, BRITAAANT KAK *.s0 (rpe4. -00, Ap.-1WA, -Sa), a 3.31. — *-fo (-to, -fa). Wrak, He COxpaHNMBuittes B nepdiekte, TeM- Hopaabiaa ONNOSHUNA HATAANA B MPOHIBOANBIX (POPMAX MeAHA, HTO caMO 0 CeO HECKO:IEKO crpanno. J[pesrenuauiicKoe -se, -fe MOxeT ROCXOANTS KaK K *-sai, *-tai, TAK WK *-soi, *-toi. '* Hienpasuis rlontyrio HeKoropste HeTouHocTH 8 crucke Beuweucra: rpeu. £5ct ‘oH ect’ Bosce ue activum tantum: 8 arruveckow amaexre ropaso Gonsite pacnpocrpaxeno Mesnabtoe Aopar; Tem Gonce He x RETR BETA AKTHBHBIM 2Ip.-neL, Caron dadati ‘nanare": B Puree mpestcrantenbt Mesastosbte bOpMEt dhatte, dadhate, dade. Tlepsaa osnaaer, Kax mpapiLto, “npuELMaTs, npHOOpeTaTs’, sropax — *coxpansTs (rre-mi60)', TpetbA — Sorte AamEM’, Taroxe rpex. Eropica “creAORATD, onMOKOPeNMOMt Maron K sp. sacate, Nat. Sequor, IPHBOAMMBIM BeHBeHHCTOM, HMCET AKTHBHBIT aHANOr Ares “xHOTOTATS, OBIT IAHATHIN” (ipanita, He Bee oTHMOOTH YOeRteHI B PosteTBE ITHX 11ArOLIOB).K. 1. Kpacyxnnt 1 B apesnerpeseckos ake Hapaay € -rai uMceTea apxano-KUNpeKas iexcua -ro1, Oua oraHMactea OT MpetepHtanbHOit TomBKO HamHHEM MapKepa npescHca -1. HMeHHO TlosTomy M. C Pynmepec [Ruiperez 1952] npeanonoxwsl, 410 axeiickHe ANAsIeKTHI COXPAHITH HCKOHHOE OKOHMAHHE MEI abstoro sasiora. Hepes rox OMLAH pacumn>ponaHl KPHTO-MIIKEHCKHe TAMIAMI, Fe B LIbIKE XV w. 20 H. 9. MenHii BuIpawxaries HeKMOHTeTBHO uleKcuelt -f0 (-ro1). Holi osaraer, ‘110 9a haieKcHa PASBHTACK HS -rar GArOAAPA NlOCsIEAOBATEMBHOMY CYACHHIO PTACHBIX B APKALLO-KHMPCKHX JHa- sIeKTaX, I MPHBOAWT KHNpCKHit onTaTHE kenoitu (= genoitu, OGmerper. yévorro) “MyCTs craneT’, apKax. oveoavey = évijoavro ‘oun moors”, B apyrux quaieKrax cysuBuIneca Facute Zi ‘ToHra Nepeulm B NeperHHii pa: OOmerperecKoe -ra1l, -vrai > GeoTHiicKoe ~9/-ry, -VIy/-vEI, heccasmitcKoe -re1, -vre1. JleiicTBHTENBHO, CTAEHME 0 > UB AXEIICKHX AMAsIeKTAX 3ACBHACTET5 crBoBAHO: apKAd, dit), MUKeHCKAaN UpucTanKa apu — oGurerperecKoe did. Ho nepexoa ai > of Kak GyATO Hit B OAHOM AMaTeKTe He Orparkext. B axelicKux (aPKALO-KUNPCKOM H MUKEHCKOM) JIt- AueKTaX SACBILETEMBCTBOBAN HHC>HHNTHB MeAMONACcHBA -oGar M AOpHCTA -al, XOTA, COTsIACHO noctyamporanHoMy HoeM mporteccy, on OKHDE GBUTK OBI BRITIAIETE KaK *-a801, *-c01, Bo- Sue, nepexog o> u RORCE He MpeAHOsAraer anaxorMsnoro ai > oi: cp. aut. lypos > lupus, Ho aquai > aquae. Taxa o6paiom, nce Rospaxerna Hoa nporun HcKoNHOCTH axeiicKoro -ro1 ne RBITHIAT YOoHTeENBHO. 2.1L, Tak xe comuutenen 1 apyroii Teac: Meauabuas diexcust npouexoauT 3 ep*extuo! (On BOCKOAHT K BBICKASBIBABLINMCA & Haase 30-x rr. XX 8, Cranrom [Stang 1932] m Kyprsios- em [Kurylowiez 1932] mess 0 Tom, 4To Meauti — 970 «trepipext B npeseHce» (TO ECT HacTO- auyee BpeMs 1 ocoGas craruaHas uaresa), Ho 9To yrepaseHHe HELOCTATOAHO MoTHBHpORAHO. Tepipexrio-npexenriiie rarosist XopoMlO HaRECTHAL B repMAHCKHX H3MIKAX, OHM AeMicTAITEsIHHO oGosHAKAIOT, Kak MpABILIO, BHYTPeHHee COCTOsHHE CYGDEKTA (B ITOM CMBICTE HX MOAHO HA3BATH HocHTeIMH «rephekTHOli AHATesKM»), HO HX MopdosorHs HUYerO OGuIerO He HMeET ¢ MemHO- naccinom. To Ke MOAHO CKa3AT HO NATHMHCKNX H rpeveckHX perfecta tantum, oGosnayaIoMUX Mpouece HIM COCTOAHHE OTHECeHHOE K HacToAMeMy: rpeu. ofda ‘sHaI0’, dveoya ‘npHKasbIBAIO’, sar, memini ‘nomi’, odi *HenaBHny’. Cemanrnka Means BONCe He OrpaHHnRaeTcH HeMepeXOAHOCTHIO H CTATHAHOCTHIO: jaxKe na npuMepe media tantum Mul BHHM, 4170 970 He conceM Tax. Hanpornp, Gonee oGocHORAHHOT npestcransHeTes Ta TONKA 3peHHA, ComacHo KOTOPO! MeN OGOsHaYAeT, NPexNTe BCerO, saMHTepe- conanHoeTh cyObexTa B JeliCTBHH: 9TO H CaMoHATpaneHHoe JeiicTaNe, HIM MpsMO-BOsBpATHOATt aanor (9.uolace = #4010 ceba), relicTAMe, CoRepIaeMoe B cROIO NoMBAy (Fper. Zovopal rs yetoas ‘a Mow ceGe pyxu’), nelicrRHe, oSosHauatomce ycToiiuHEBi npH3HAK cyGpeKTa (ueTOseK pyzd- emes; Kypuya necemcs; rper. koArrebonat ‘Obit LPAKAAUHON’ B OTMIMUE OF AKTHBHOTO OArTEBeD “xurb p nonuce’). F. Xupr [Hirt 1907] verso noxasaa, sro meauii OOpaxonaut 13 aKtuBa nocpes- CTROM nepesMINKeHNA akeHTa C KOpHA Ha NocaewuMi raacHEAii dneKcun (*-t vs, *-16"). Dro yaaphoe oKoHYaHHe 1 crano Gax0ii MezuaabHoi napanurnbl. A. Ipxapr [Erhart 1975; 1989], P.Lllremmexs [Stempel 1996] # abtop orHx erpok [Kpacyxnu 1987] casas 970 rlepeaBinKeHtHe ¢ Gaxonoii CemanTuKoli Mesa: nbiparKeHe jlelicTRHs, N KOTOPOM aanlHTepeconalt CaM cyGueKT”. Meautii na *-16 ne nponcxogut m3 nephexra, a cOmmnKaeTCa ¢ HIM B HeKOTOpHIX dpyHKnHAX (O60- sHayeHne HenepexouHBIX THAPOs1OB Ht FHATOIOR COCTOALHS). Takum o6pazom, um Mopdouorns, un ceMaHTHKa uNAOeRponeiicKoro MeauA He HeceT KaKIX-TO crenuceckHx OTMeUATKOR AKTHBHOTO CTpos. [IponexoxneHne ieKcn *-16 13 *-1 Cp. ap-aia. Spndti ‘casimars’ — synuté ‘npwenyumparses’ (indro dhuinim ca cimurim ca dambhdya chraddhamanasya spnute dabhitaye (RV X 113, 9) “Vnapa, Jxyxm (asmanteroca) n Uymyps coxpymras, x JlaGxuru nprenyuntaetes’); dcer ‘on HaGmonan’ (vadd samarydm vi aced Fghava (IV 24, 8) “Kora oH, Heucrossili, Bstaanyar Ha GutBy") — cité “noKastiwacren” (cité tgiid vam surddhasa ratih sumatir asvind (X 143, 4) “Tloxassiaeres na, meapste Amysitest, ap n Gnaronoaenne”). 2 OGsop acelt npoGemarnKH npartHAoesponelieKoro MeaHH yBes Ost Hac CHIIKOM AasIeKO. CM, OMHMO yrasanntix B rexere, paGorn [Ilepesbmyrep 1977; 1995; Fox, Hopper 1994].R Bonpocpt s3n1kosHaniis 2017. No2 nomUMO Haraaquoctu onnosHuun tuna ddhdt/ddhita (¢ 4ersoii napasaeasio B GeotuiicKom avede (rpex. £9er0), MOATREPANACTEA Ht HECOMHEHHOIT MaparemBIO C HMeHTBIME cydpHRCANT, TE +1 oGosnasiaer uMs aesTens, *-6- — eTpaaarenbuoe npiactue (érndti “cambuuarn’ —devasriit ‘caymtatomuii Gora’, Srutéh ‘casmumii’). OTMeTHM Take pas REChMA YAaHBIX, Ha Hall BATALI, NOMITOK NOABEPrHYTs KPHTHKE PEKONCTPYKUNHO 9prarHBHOTO Crpoa B MpanaocEponelicKoN. Tak, A. PaMen nosaraer, 470 nosHoe OrcyTeTBHe 9prarHBHOl! KONCTPYKIWH B OONDINHHCTBE HH AOCBPONCTICKHX AIKIKOB CBUACTCAIKCTBYET O TOM, NTO CYOBCKTHO-OOLEKTHHE OTHOIICHHA BIPA- 2KAIHCH COREPIIEHHO HHAMe: OpssIKOM ca1oB (ypoHeHD pes uTOoxeHHs, phrase level), cobcraeHHO Mophonorneit (yponen cnona, word level), Dprarupnas Ke KOHCTpyKUMs MpezTonaraet co- TracOBAHMe Ha ypoBHe cHHTarMbt (clause level); cale0B 9TOFO B HEsIOEBPOTTETICKHX s3bIKAX HET [Rumsey 1987: 315]; em. rawxe [Villar 1990]. 3. 3akio4uenne Hrax, cymmupyem. Bo-nepanix, 8 npanioenponelicKoli peKoHeTpykuIH HeROIMOKHO Bb SHITE 2ABHCHMOCTS cyGneKTa MpeAAOKeHHS OT THTA Taro, BO-BTOPHIX, B HEKOTOPEIX HOBBIX MiLLOCRPONHCKHX sIBIKAX PASBHLIACH PACIICNsICHHAS IpraTHBHOCTs Ha Gave MACCHBABIX NPUsa- cruii nepdexra, ¥ro uazo cantare no3quHM smncuueM. BerpeTbHx, 9praruBHBIe 4eprbl XCTTCKOrO ABLIKA JONOILUO CROCOOPAIHEL, HO UX HELI NPOCUUPOBATD Ha HpauneBponelicKuii ypoBents. Takum oGpasom, He HaijIeHO OCHOBAHMT LIK BOCCTAHOBNEHHA HCHOMIHATHBHOTO CTPOR & HHILO- esponelicxom npeaiowenmn” B saxmovenne ormeruM, uTo cyMecTHYer HOMBTKa HpeXCTaRHTs NpeLIOKeHUs ¢ cyGHEKTOM B KOCREHHOM Majlerke, HMEIOULNEEA HO MHOFHX HILOeBPONeHCKHX sIMKAX, KAK AHAON HTH Ha cieaHe akTHBHOTO ILI 9prarHBHOTO eTpos MpeALTOReHHA, ITO! NpoGIeMe, a TaKKE reHesHCy OprarHBHOTO CTPOS MBI HAsACEMCs MOCRATHTH cHeUMAIBHYIO NyGANKAWUO. CMMCOK COKPALMEHH AS — aGcomoris RG) —apraras INsTR— nHeTpymenrasne PRET — mperepnt suB — cyGneKr (noKasaTens cyGbexTHoro cnpsxeHtia) CHMCOK JHTEPATYPbI / REFERENCES Baxep 1989 — Banep ®, Paexcnn curmariecKoro aopucra // Hopoe » sapyGexnoii mmrsnetaKe. 1989, Bun, XXI: Hosoe sapyGexHoii uuzoesponencraxe. C. 331—350. [Bader F. 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