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    Aip Handbook Section4l

    Uploaded by

    Misum Ali

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 27
    41. Heats of Formation and Heats of Combustion RRNA F IWORINSKT 4 1) RANDOLPH ¢. WILHOIT Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University ‘Lables 41-1, 4b-z, and 41-5 ist values of the enthalpy of formation, affJ", and enthalpy of combustion, AHe*, of pure elements and compounds in their standard states at one atmosphere pressure and 23°C in units of kilocalories per mole. Data on “key” substances, which play important roles in evaluating the data on other compounds, are collected in Table 4I-1. Enthalpies of formation of elements and inorganic com- pounds are given in Table 4l-2. ‘They are arranged in a standard order, based on the order of elements in the periodic table. The organic compounds in Table 41-3 are arranged first by standard order of the elements of which they are composed and then by classes which have certain common molecular structural features or funetionsl groups, - 4i-1. Sources of Data. All reported values were derived from published experi- mental measurements, and most of the data were selected from the following com pilatious: (1) Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: part 1, VS Tech. Note 270-1, 1965; part 2, VBS Tech. Note 270-2, 1966; (2) Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, am. Petroleum Inst. Research Pryj. 44, Thesmvdynauivs Research Ceuler, Tessa A&M University, College Ete: tion, Texas (looseleaf data. sheets, extant 1967); (3) Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds, Thermodyn. Research Center Data Proj., Texas A&M Uni- versity, College Station Texas (ooscleaf data sheets; extent 1067 ‘These sources were supplemented by information in the files of the Thermody- namics Research Center at Texas A&M University. Data in all three tables are internally consistent, and, wherever neceseary, original data have been converted to the units and conventions listed below. 41-9, Symbols and Units calorie the thermochemical calorie defined as equal to 4.184 joules (exactly) mole a unit of mass equal to the formula (molecular) weight in grams, calculated from the 1961 table of unified atomic weights based on carbon-12 standard state for condensed phases, the specified erystal or liquid form at one atmosphere pressure; for gases, the hypothetical ideal gas at one atmosphere pressure gas liquid crystal aqueous (water) solution enthalpy, H = U + PV, fora change from an initial to final state, AH = H(final) — H(nitial), which 1s equal to the heat absorbed by the system at constant pressure £316 mg ote HEATS OF FORMATION AND HwAYS UF CUsBCSTION 4-317 sup the heat of formation of one mole of compound or element in its standard stato from the olemente in their reforenee state. [For an organic oxygen compound this corresponds to the chemical reaction, aC(graphite) + $bH2(gas) + $cO,(gas) — CaThO,(standard state). Reference states for elements are identified by 2 zero enthalpy of formation in the tables.) He, gross the heat of combustion of a compound with excess oxygen gas to produioo rire, thermodynamically stable products at 25°C and one fimosphere, with all components in their standard states. [The products of combustion are: COs(gas), H:O(liquid), HI(gas), Ch(gas), Bre(iquid), Ie(orvstal), H,SO,(tiquid), and Ne(gas), as appropriate for the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction.] ‘AHe*, net the heat of combustion of a compound with excess oxygen to pro- Anon the following products: CO. (eas), H,0(gas), HF (eas), Cle(cas), Bra(gas), Is(gas), 8O2(gas), and Na(gas). (These are the principal products formed when a compound is burned-in an open flame in the air.) 41-3. Uncertainties. ‘The nuraber of significant figures used in reporting a value of AH/° or AH? is related to the estimated uncertainty according to the following scheme Estimated uncertainty in AHf? or AHe®, kcal mole! Value written to (0,005-0.05 0.001 0:01 ou L 431g ‘Tapur 41-1. Hi Substance name Water. Hydrogen fluoride...... in © H0..... Hydrogen chloride, in @ Hi0.... Hydrogen bromide. in H.0. Hydrogen Iodide. Sulfur dioxide... Sulfurie acid in © HO in 115 HO... Orthophosphoric acid. in HO. Carbon dioxide Butanedioic acid (cuecinie acid) Benzoie acid........ i Carbon tetrafluoride (tetra- ‘Muorometiiane) p-Fluorobenzoic acid ‘eya,ce-Trifluoro-m-toluic ‘acid. Carbon disvifiae Thianthrene (diphenslene disulfide) N-Benzoylamingetianoic acid (hippurie acid) Borie oxide. ‘amarnhons Boron trifluoride Silicon dioxide quartz, cristobslive tridymite, amorphous. Silicon tetrafluoride. COse CHOew, CiHiOne CHOse, CHO2e cre CiH.O.F.¢ CaH.OLF sc ce nar Heats or Compustion or Key Compounns eal mole? at 25°C Mol : weight aaa ane Crave Net az.u6| 6.830 25.46 | 16.50 40.49 | 27.77 4.010 | “4a 94.051 | | 118:090 | -106:8 | i | =22a.80 | | 123-126 | Srol19 | | : | ~#2:o8 | ss.009 140.118, 720.22 | 699.19 190.129 | -259.08 | zor.as | 750.92 76.139 | | cesters | soaioo: le | [tis j 216.820) sae | 1544.80) =15.49 | 961.05 = 30420 03 Laiziar | 217.37 | le | =215:05 | 104080 | ; 385 HRATS OF FORMATION D HEATS OF COMBUSTION 4-319 — ‘Tantr 4l-2. Heats or Formation or Evewests anp Ivorcantc Comrounps eee eS a Formula cas | tiewia | soi Capen and Fpdroaen ——————————— Oxeen. ai.00 | 0.0 Stone fom | 31 Bogen aie oats | -44.08 atoges Phone... 2.901 Chowne 40.903 | Chet sco age Choate Bonin. oa Dichiorise monoid 6.003 Perehorte a Helo, | 100-458 -0.70 Eilorter wenodeide. | Ge pa Chlorine ivr] Cl 48 -44.3 Benes aerate br 1Bi.8is 0 Bromine ponoide022°7| Bro 8s Bromine Ati Bo, | attaoe ne Bromine ‘edu. Bees | 130.4 =a Bromine yenatuorde. Bree | 174.804 A's Bromine hince bri tb dee Ea r Ba.e00 0.0 Toa ai fio. | sen 35.0 Todine monoorige 200-2 3s 00 Toitne pentaforde 0 Ie 2896 =200.7 youl kepaege 200 1 Besse Todi monosaride. | 1C 1o2.38r ws] -s4 Tote these] Ch 253.265 uy] aes eS Weenie 7] Te mosis | "376 | 233 | | Bol ———————————— Balinese ‘2.008 | ot shone wf ee NS oo ones fee 08 sui “ai j8e | satu Sees | Se Salo oi Sobor | ~O4.ss | 205.41 | 208.03 Hyvoqen sles 00. Seoso | as 83 Sie eramur 0000] roses | -168 Balu beuthorde. Holose | =288. Disulfur dichloride. 136.034 | -4.4 | —14.2 Barn tere ibiaes | 308) T3833 Si chia esse | care | ene bromide. aist| 3 | Titers aS een [00] 0.0 Misnise ‘o.t0n | at sr Nitoweaosdeso 000! iim | "i Meo ieee Pe 4-320 HEAT Tanur 41-2, Heats oF Formation or ELEMENTS AND Iwonganic Compouxps (Continued) Substance name Nitrous oxide. Nitrogen trioxide Nitrogen tetroxide. Nitrogen pentoxide. ‘Ammonia Hydrazine : Hydrogen azide... Nitrous acid, Nitsie ecid.sssc Hydroxylamine. Ammonium hydroxide... ‘Ammonium nitrate Nitrogen urtuyride. Nitrosy] fluoride Ammonium fluoride, itrogen trichloride Itrosyl chloride. Ammonium chloride, . Hydrazine hydrochloride ‘Ammonium pereblorate. Nitrosy! bromide Ammonium bromide. ‘Ammonium iodide Ammonium hydrogen sulfide Sulfamie acid Sulfamide... 0.77 Ammonium hydeogen sulfate....... Ammonium sulfate Phosphorus ce mhive ‘lini, ed bisck amorphous, red. enospnoras. Phosphorus... Phosphoris trioxide Phosphorus pentoxide Phosphine.."- a Metaphosphoris weld.” Pyrophosphoric aid Phosphorus trifworide Phosphorus pentatuoride Phosphorus oxy fluoride Phosphoris trichloride Phosphorus pentachlorida Phosphor oxychloride Phosphorus tribromide Phosphorus pentabromide Phosphores envbremide. Formula Mol. weight AHP, keal mole"! at 25°C Gas__| Liquid | Sotia Nivapon (Got) NO 44.013 19.61 | N80 | $88] BAL] tee No, | son | “et | 2288] No fun) 2] SS wns Se trea | ae | Nae 32.045, 22.80 12,10 ie | Bios | os] Bu No. | fan | -ise mison | Ss:oin | an Rico | Sbone | 00000. | "saa Mitinos | soloue [0000 ) EES) eran Mie 8 | aa Nok 85 | 18.3 Sor Oe |e eee | —nt0.s0 geo | |e 2 88 | ia 8 |. Naiic 303 BiG. | ates NGO SAR | ice Nise | “seas | te NHI | uatsis NHws | 51.11 Bakar | Soe Sensi. | Bb.ts sateo. | 5.28 : Hos | ES Fron HEATS ur FORMATION AND UDATE OF commusTION 4-291 ‘Tanur 41-2. Hears oF Forsarion oF Euements AND Substance Phosphorus triiodide ‘Ammonium dibydrogen phosphate Ammoninm hydrogen phosphate... Ammonium phosphate Boron. ‘amorphous Diborane, Borie wcid Boron trichloride, Silicon amorphous si Silicon monoxide, Silane. Disilane. Metasilie acid Ortivslie aid Silicon tecrachloride...- Silicon tetrabromide Silicon tetraiodide. ‘Tetrametnyisiue. Hexamethyldisilosane. Beryllium. . Bervllium oxide. Bersilium fluoride Beryllium chloride Sodium, Sodium oxide. Sodium hydride Sodium hydroxide Sodium fluoride: Sodium chloride. Sodium carbonate: Sodium formate. Sodium acetate, Potamiuin.. Potassium oxide: Potassium hydride Potassium hydroxide Potassium fluvride. Twonoasie Compouxns (Continued) ‘GHP, Keal mole? at 25°C Mol Formula weicit (Ga, OT Phosphorus (Cont.) Ph | ans.o07 | | 10.9 i i .| NHALPO. | 115.026 = 345.98 (NH) HPO. | 192.057, = 387.50 (NH PO." | 140,087 | = 30916 7 oro To TT 7 [a Prost | cee |e 0.0 ye wed 0.9 Bile | eo] 8.5 U1] HBO. | 61833 |. .. | 261.55 | Bc | uriizo | "90.50 | —102.1 nee ee Silicon | 0.0 ! \ io | 284.1 | 354.0 -45.3 SueHa. don | 3818 | 08 [(CH.):8i},0 | 162.382 | — 185.88 | —194.8 ! ———— Bervtiium, Sodiom, Potassium ] Be 9.012 | 78.0 [ows | 08 Beo j aso | 30-2 1) -145!0 tere Sioa | ~ 189. | Doar Tous | 85.7 ates 22/900 | 25.0 0.0 1.979 |... 9914 gsiuns 725.88 | 13:7 | 39.007 : -101.72 | Sviess | S704 = 136.6 | secag | 43-7 98.5 185.380 ui | “ao8'8 6s TIP INIIS | 188-00 22 : | =100's, 30 0.0 a =s0.4 go.110 | =i8'6 | KOH | 50.100 10152 | xP : i rrwi igo | ae Potassium chloride. . 4-399 mar Taper 41-3. Heats of Forwarion anp Hears oF Cousustion or Comrounns oF Cannon Keal mole"! at 25°C Formula Substance name and state Mol. | weight | | age | Gross | Net Carhan and Carhan-Oxrgen ~aHe Carbon, 12.011 | 171.29 | 265.34! 265.34 graphite : 0.0. | 94.08) “9405 diamond... ; 0:45 | 94°50) 9450 Carbon | "4 199.03 | 387.13) 87.15 Carbon monoxide. Carbon suboside. 28 26.42 | 67.64] “67.64 =29°0 | o8a'oR| 980'08 | =28.03 | 254.12] 254.12 Methane... Clee Ethane, 2.111 Cline Propancsscersiliil! Cate CHA neButane...... CBs Citta 2-Mettylpropane (isobutane). GHine | Cater m-Pentane Cahier Cums etnyibutane (lsopentane)..) Culling Ciel 2,2-Dimethylpropane (neopen- | Cys, tane) Cathe n-Hexane. seeeeeseee] Cabling | Cait 2-Methylpentane, . Caius cat 3-Methylpentane........ Cave Celie 2,2-Dimethylbutane..........] Clee CHa 2,3-Dimethylbutane..........| Cling Cai n-Heptane. CHHieg Cithe Cer 2-Methylhexane. 3-Methyllexane 8-Ethylpentane. 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,8-Dimethylpentane. . 2,4-Dimethylpentane. BEATS OF FORMATION AND HEATS OF COMBUSTION ‘Tamun 41-3. Heats oF Formation anv Heats oF Comnvstion oF Compounns oF Cannon (Continued) ‘Substance name 3,3-Dimethylpentane.. ernimemytbuvaue. n-Octane ‘2Methylheptane.. 3-Methylheptane.. 4-Methylheptane. 3-Bthylhexane. 2,2-Dimethylhexane.. 2,3-Dimethylhevane. 2,4-Dimethylhexane. 2,6-Dimethylhexane. 3,3-Dimethylhexane. 3.4-Dimethylhexane. 2-Methy1-3-othylpentane. 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane. 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane, 2,2,4 Trimethytnantane. 2,3,8-Trimethylpentane: 2,0,4-Trimethylpentane 2,2,3,8-Tetramethylbutane 2,2-Dimethylheptane. 2,2,3-1rimethyhexane: 2,24-Trimethylhexane... Formula ‘and state Mol. weight aur Gross 4-323 eal mole"! at 25°C | ~aHe Carbon-Hydrogen, Alkanes (Cont.) Te ee T Cine Hil Coil Callies Cine Cis Cth Chis Crise Celis Cillise Cust CiHiee Cian 56. Shi) SR. = 56: -59) 100.206 | —48. 49. 32 | 1,156.75 05 | 1,148.83 92 | 1:155.96 61 | 13148127 79 | 1817-45 TL | 1,907.53 a7 | vais 77 296 | 1,306.28 80 | 1316 32 | 1:306 66 | 11316. 15 | 1,307, 37 | 1,316 11307 0 | 13304 10 | 1,316. 15306: ysis. 11305: vad 1308, Vid 13208. 11316. Va07 ‘04 1316.79, 1307.58 1/315 .88 1130680, 1314.66 1308.83 1131369, 130329 1318.5 1306-68 11315.30 45300.28 1313.28 11308.08, 1,475.05 1305.99 1470.87 1460.76 1472.02 1462.05 | 147176 1146208 02 63 84 4 304 wRaT ‘Tanur 41-3, Heats or Forwarion anp Heats oF Comesti Substance name Formula and state Carbon-Hydrogen, Alicanes Cont.) 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane....- {-rnimetnyinexane 2,8,5-TrimethyThexane.....+.+ 24,4-Trimethythexane 3,84-Trimethylhexane 2,2-Dimethyl-S-ethylpentane 2,4-Dimethyl-B-ethylpentane. n-Decane. Cong. CoHenl carting. | CoHst CHa G Cyelopropane. ‘Uyeloputane Cyclopentane. ‘Methyleyelopentane Ethyleyclopentane. 1,1-Dimethyleyclopentane. . 1 -cis-2-Dimethyleyclopentane. Atrans-2-Dimethyleyelo- pentane L-cit-3-Dimethyleyelopentane, L-trans-3-Dimethyleyelo- ‘pentane n-Propyleyclopentane. n-Butyleyclopentane. n-Pentyleyclopentane. n-Hexyleyelopentane. m-Heptyleyclopentane. | CHes Cut Cults Cie Cullens Cuial 128.200 | 1381260 128.200 142.287 os 70.185 | “a8!i90 a8!) 981190 | 168335 ] | 128.260 100 | rhon-Hiydrogen, Cyeloalkanes < oF Compouxns oF Carnon (Continued) Keal mole“ at 25°C. ~aHe AHP 10.30 | 100.241 Tee:8e | Pasec ee | Sons Tenis | Monae | 1357 94 57/91 | 1471.70 | 1,366.51 67/81 | 1,461.80 | 1,356.61 66.87 | 1462.74 | 1.35755 = 56.20 68. 66.83 = 55. = 65.17 359.25, 54130 | 176.31 | 1,370.12 = 4"42 | 1405°19 | 1,360.00 59/04 | 11652.54 | 1:510-63, 71192 | 1,620.06 | 1,504.35 12.78 | 27 O76 Lisa I 8 laa =30:83 MEATS OF FORMATION AND HATS OF COMBUSTION 4-325 ‘Tapue 4/3, Heats of Forwarion ano Hears oF Coxpustios or Compounns oF Cannon (Continued) z ‘Substance name Carbon-Hydrogen, Cycloalkane: Octyleyclopentane.....--++-| CnBbeg . CisHesl a-Nonyleyclopentane. Cutting Cullen s-Deeyleyclopentane | Citing | CigHaa Cyclohexane.. o| Cetin Called Methyleyclohexane «| CrHier Cru Ethyleyelohexane, Clhieg Cosel 1,1-Dimethyleyelohesane. Cities t 1-cie-2-Dimethyleyclohexane Coie L-trans-2-Dimethyleyelo- hexane Citas | Sins Limpeaintveel | ae sein Bnateeohea.-| Clue Limpetinaisisele | See we [eae [Sat | Cyelooetane | CBee | ot Cyclotetradecane...-+. Bitieue (ethylene) Propene (propylene). 1-Butene, : engczesguene. trane-2-Butene. 2.aetloropene Geobatee)..| Ci 1-Pentene.. cate | | ca eal moe! a 25 Mol : weight oa ane Gros | Net vs2.as2 | 00.90 | 200.67 | s.014.12 vee 962 | Asien | Boas. | 1808-30 soacans | TEES | Soest | Sa a ieore | _3tts | Boi a | 20m. 18 0400 | ea"¥s | Baes-t0 | 2007.98 AO) Zeb [Snes | 2180-90 : $e | suear | srat0 600 | a0.88 | 00°98 | 1.035 88 | Taecs8 | oonsa3 | one 30 uiscsig | THR | bee ihe Lio 0 | 12us 28 | Tee 08 jigtait | Tigize | passae | Lane at LBB | Uaan-es | 1359 09 iiscsis | TREE | SESE Ta es BOT) Tebcea | ragean | tes 10 112.217 | —42.98 | 1,255.95 | 1,171.80 TENG | Leer | 02 dizer | T4tck2 [BREE | he 5898 iieiait | TR iis sid | ins | 1380.78 Tins | 12er ao iiasait | Taking | 1254 35 aio | Top-a6 | ide 30 | TERE | tome oo vigcait | Toi | es na T3055 | ane 38 33 | Tan'8 | Bate. 78 | 2ort-a0 TEESE | Bebe | Bo: bs i 054 12.50 | 337.23| 316.19 Set] 3B) SCS | es Me) oor | exea0| air ar e108 | ees | oanab| beat aaa | =17@5 | 647-81 | 605.73. Se) TES) EE] 00:88 side | Tales | ease | aoe ts TESS | Gar'ss) 30:50 selies| Tie | Ste]. ans 38 vie weet | ge | Soe 38 fois | aan | Sins] tet28 SESS) So0se8 | Soe 4-326 ‘Tape 41-3. Heats oF Formatioy HEAT ap Heats oF Comnusrios oF Compounns oF Carson (Continued) Substance name cis-2-Hexene. srans-2-rexene.. cia-d-Hexene... trane-3-Hexene. 2-Methyl- 3-Methy pentene -pentene 4-Methyl-I-pentene. 2-Methyl-2-pentene.. 3-Methyl-cis-2-pentene. -butene. T | Beal mote at 25°C 24 ced” | Mou. | ~ane oe | 1 | aur t 7 1 | | Gross | new ot 1 Carbon Hydrogen, Alienes (Cont) | cittwe | 70.135 | 0.40] g0s.s4] 752 eae | A888 | BES) 38 cal 8) SEB | het] Hs cla, | a0.i88| ecen ) foscar| 60 caret kee | Gone | Fa eat | 53% | Gacer | tae: Sree | satias | Tok | Sess] 8 | CsHiol, 1 ao 16.68 | 795.15] 742. | | ieation | “eten|| geciael|| sere pe) Si | aeeae | cae, | avian | CGB) serst| aes cant te | soect0| Sor cat 33 | S09] oe Gite | aciea| Tiras] sees] So eat | HSS | o8e'38 | Soe cae | saiiaa | THER | RE] a [each | 200% | Zao | “asec | so | CHiag | 84.163 | 16 | 960.04) 896.: sae | alli gecies | aoe edie | siase| T88) SHE] Be cant 0 | oss.o8| son Gute | 8iciah |

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