SEEPAGE WITHOUT SEEPAGE FLOW NETS - the groundwater flow is Effective Stress – the sum of the vertical generally calculated by the use of graphs components of forces develop at the point of - Combination of number of flow line contract of solid particles per unit cross and equipotential lines sectional area of the soil mass. - LAPLACE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY – governs steady flow condition for a given point in the soil mass.
7.3 FLOW NETS
Flow Lines – a line along water molecules will travel from the upstream to the downstream side in the permeable soil medium Equipotential Line – is a line along which the potential head at all points ia equal.
These two are perpendicular with each other.
SUMMARY 1. For two dimensional flow condition, Laplace equation of continuity can be given as Eq 7.4
2. For Isotropic condition with respect to the
hydraulic gradient conductivity, lx = kx’ Thus
3. Using laplace equation of continuity, flow
nets can be drawn
4. Flow lines and equipotential lines are two
families of curves. When Kx and Kx’, flow lines and equipotential lines are two two orthogonal families of curves 5. The rate of seepage (q) under hydraulic structure (kx = kz = k) can be given as Equation 7.13
Where n = width-to-length ratio of the flow
elements Flow nets are generally drawn such that n=1 and the elements are approximates squares.