10) UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS FOR HAND HOLE FLANGE UG-34, C1.2, SEC.

VIII

The minimum required thickness of flat unstayed circular heads, covers and blind flanges attached by bolts causing an edge moment
is calculated as follows:

a factor depending upon the method of attachment of head, shell

c : = 0.3
dimensions and other items
P : internal design pressure = 6.89 bar
S : maximum allowable stress value in tension = 138 Mpa
E : Joint efficiency = 0.55
C : Bolt circle diameter = 260.4
B : Inside diameter of hand hole flange = 209.6
gasket moment arm, equal to radial distance from centerline of
hg : = (C-G)/2
bolts to line of gasket reaction
= (431-209.6) /2
= 25.4 mm
Go : Gasket outside diameter = 257.2 mm
Gi : Gasket inside diameter = 209.6 mm
N : Gasket contact width = (Go-Gi)/2
= (409.7-374.7)/2
= 23.8 mm
bo : basic gasket seating width = N/2
= 17.5/2
= 11.9
Cb : Conversion factor = 2.5 for SI unit calculations
b : effective gasket seating width = Cb*√bo
= 2.5*√8.75
= 8.624 mm
G : diameter at location of gasket load reaction = Go if bo> 6mm
= 209.6
H : total hydrostatic end force = 0.785*G2*P
= 0.785*374.7*374.7*6.89*0.1
= 23761.368 N
m : gasket factor = 3
y : gasket or joint contact surface unit seating load = 69 Mpa
Hp : total joint contact surface compression load = 2*b*3.14*G*m*P
= 2*7.374*3.14*374.7*3*6.89*0.1
= 7821.3844 N
Wm1 : minimum required bolt load for the operating conditions = H+Hp
= 75937.49+11955.35
= 31582.752 N
Wm2 : minimum required bolt load for gasket seating = 3.14*b*G*y
= 3.14*7.374*374.7*69
= 391636.81 N
W : total bolt load given for circular heads = Max(Wm1,Wm2)
= Max(87892.84,598634.9)
= 391636.81 N
d*[((C*P)/(S*E))+(1.90*W*hg/S*E*
t : minimum required thickness for flat head or cover =
d3)]1/2

= 36.162131