Artificial Neural Network for Real-time Characterization of Cancer Cell Thermal Properties
Andrew Jarrett1, Tae-Youl Choi1, Dugan Um2
1Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Suite F101, Denton, Texas 76207, USA,
2 Department of Engineering, Texas A&M Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412
I. INTRODUCTION
There is still no viable way for prescreening of
ovarian cancer. This could be accomplished using a
micropipette thermal sensor (MPTS) to find the
thermal properties of a cell [1]. These thermal
properties can be used as bio markers to identify
cancerous cells.
However, the MPTS is measuring the change in
temperature of a cell; the properties such as specific
heat, density, and thermal conductivity can be
calculated using a partial differential equation (PDE)
of the heat diffusion equation. In practical conditions
such as surgery the calculations could not be done
realistically in that time constraint. Therefore, it was
proposed for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to
be trained to solve for these properties.
II. MACHINE LEARNING
Machine learning makes it possible for machines to
process large amounts of data to accomplish specific
tasks and recognize patterns in the data. This is useful
in applications such as computer vision, speech
processing, and game playing [2].
ANNs use a system of neurons with specified
weights and a bias; this system is known as a
perception. As the system is trained these weights are
altered iteratively to minimize an error equation, this
is known as backpropagation.
II. SIMULATION TO REAL
This process will utilize a sim to real application.
Meaning the ANN that was with data simulated in a
computational solver will be verified against real
experimental data.
This is useful for our training because it allowed for
the training data parameters to be manipulated easily.
IV. TESTING ANN FOR THERMAL PROPERTY PREDICTION
The research covers testing the trained ANN with previous experimental data
of the change in temperature of different propylene glycol concentrations,
with known densities and thermal properties. An embedded computer
programmed with a trained neural network processes the experimental sensor
data and returns identified physics behind the cancel cell heat transfer process.
To that end, we train an ANN with the error between the ground true
parameters and returned parameters via backpropagation.
In order to train the ANN, we collected 100 sets of data with different
combinations of thermal conductivity (k) and heat capacity (cp). Although
there are obvious patterns recognizable by human perception, initial training
parameters for the ANN were not able to achieve convergence. Therefore,
various sets of training parameters were tried to make the ANN converge and
yield the highest accuracy. Figure 1: RMS trend per training epoch
Time series data were normalized for the best ANN training efficiency, this
training result is shown in Figure 1. The ANN started reacting fast and slows V. EXPEREMTAL METHOD
down after the first 10,000 epochs. There was a jump around 47,000 epochs,
but it returned to a normal descent and eventually yielded an RMS error of The proposed experiment is to use the MPTS to
2.843 for two output parameters between ground true and prediction after collect a matrix of normalized temperature data. This
data will then be fed into the trained ANN with a
69,900 epochs. We demonstrate the first 5 classification results after 69,900
epochs that ensures the ANN’s performance after training. forward propagation program to receive an output.
Since ANNs give outputs in a range of 0 to 1, it is
required that ranges for the parameters of thermal
30 Hidden Nodes
conductivity and specific heat are given as shown in
Temp @ time = 0.0 ms
figure 2.
10 Output Nodes
.48-.49
Temperature .50-.51 REFERENCES
sensor K
27 temperature inputs
.52-.53
(thermal conductivity)
Normalized
Temperature
.54-.55 [1] Ramesh Shrestha, R. Atluri, D. P. Simmons, D. S. Kim, T. Y. Choi, “A
data .56-.57 micro-pipette thermal sensing technique for measuring thermal conductivity
of non-volatile fluids,” Review of Scientific Instruments, 89, 114902 (2018)
3800 - 3900
3900 - 4000
[2] Hutter, Frank, et al. Automated Machine Learning: Methods, Systems,
Cp
Challenges. Springer, (2019).
4100 - 4200
(Specific Heat)
4300 - 4400
4500 - 4700 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by CBET-Biosensing grant from the
National Science Foundation (Grant No. 1906553).
Temp @ time = 500 ms
College of Engineering
Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department
Figure 2: Schematic of experimental setup