MathS4EVvervonie.con oreo WORK IBOOIK aI TRANSFORMATIONS ‘There are four types of transformation to consider at GCSE: TRANSLATION Described by: the vector Vector is (?) REFLECTION Described by: the mirror line Mirror line is x= 6 ROTATION Described by: j 90° clockwise the angle and the centre same Centre at (6, 1) ENLARGEMENT Described by: the seale factor and the centre Scale factor =2 Centre at (1, 2) or2345678 9101 **Note that the ‘new’ shape, which is the result of the transformation, is called the ‘image’. © 2017 Maths4Everyone.comMaths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve + Succeed TRANSLATION ‘A translation is described by a vector. The following table shows some of the translations from the grid above: Mapping _| Description 4 Toa Translation, by vector | > 0 TtoB Translation, by vector | ¢ 6 Tw Translation, by vector | ¢ } -9 ToD Translation, by vector | _} 9 DwT Translation, by vector |Enjoy + Improve * Succeed SPEED ACTIVITY 1 ‘The diagram shows several translations of triangle T: 1. Complete the table to describe the translations: Li] | it Maths4Everyone.com P| a LSD» (3 TontoE AL Tonto F ( ! ) -6 - *) Tone ( ey Tonto -s : (2 2. Onthe grid: (a) Translate triangle T by the vector ( 4 Label the new triangle P 4 (b) Translate triangle T by the vector || © | Label the new triangle Q 3 (©) Translate triangle T by the vector Label the new triangle RMaths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve * Succeed REFLECTION the other side of a mirror line. Reflections are described by stating the equation of the mirror line. Note that in GCSE the mirror line may vertical, horizontal or at a 45° slope: Vertical line Horizontal line Shape flips upside-down Diagonal line — Difficult to describe — almost certainly a | sometimes looks a bit like yex 45° line a rotation, but it’s not! REFLECTIONS IN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINESEnjoy + Improve + Succeed Maths4Everyone.com The following table shows reflections from the grid on the previous page: Mapping Mirror line TtoA Be amen TtoB [x=7) 2 TwC feel ToD y=3) *2= Loraw THE Muck LINES ON The GRid/ REFLECTIONS IN THE AXES AND IN THE LINE Y= X. The following table shows reflections from the grid above: Mapping _| Description TtoL Reflection, in line|x = 0)(aka ‘the y-axis’) | TtoM Reflection, in line\y = O\(aka ‘the x-axis’) --- TtoN Reflection, in liney =x w Coeaw Tie Mien CiNes oNTO ThE Gk]Maths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve + Succeed SPEED ACTIVITY 2 Look at the diagram: 1. Tonto A y=é TontoB mel Tonto C WY > se TontoD a =F 2. Onthe grit (a) [Reflect trapezium A in the line Label the new trapezium E. Label the new trapezium E, _ (b) {Reflect trapezium B in the line x =—4 Label the new trapezium F. (© _ | Reflect trapezium B in the line md | Label the new trapezium G. (@) | Reflect trapezium A in the axis Label the new trapezium H.Enjoy + Improve + Succeed Maths4Everyone.com, ROTATION ion of turn and Rotations are described by the angle turned, the di ZTHNGS | Mapping Description (TP) Rotation, 90° anti-clockwise Tog] Rotation, 90° clockwise [TioR| Rotation, 180° LE ithe digection | T USE TRACING PAPER TO HELP YOU WORK OUT ROTATIONS |Maths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve * Succeed More example: ‘The transformations above can be described in the following ways: Mapping _| Description [TtoU| _| Rotation, 90° clockwise, centre (5, 6) [TtoV] _| Rotation, 180°, centre (5, 6) t eithEs Rotation, 180°, centre (-2,7) ) Dig eerion! Rotation, 90° clockwise, centre (-2, 7)Enjoy + Improve + Succeed Maths4Everyone.com SPEED ACTIVITY 3 Look at the diagram: | sam oS j 0) &) 6 | 4 | 2 |p 2{[4[«f[s || 1. Complete the table to destriBe the rotations: Tonto B 40° ANTI-Cladiwdé| (5,5) Tonto€ 136° Nla (-1,6) Tonto 130° Nia C43 TontoE 0° CLOCKWISE a, +) 2. Onthe grid: (@) Rotate trapezium C 90° anti-clockwise about the point (~6, 6). Label the new trapezi (b) Rotate trapezium B 90° clockwise about the point (10, 3) Label the new trapezi (©) Rotate trapezium C 180° about the point (-5, 6) Label the new trapezium) @) Rotate trapezium T 90° clockwise about the point (5, 6) Label the new trapezium|S,Maths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve * Succeed ENLARGEMENT i Although we usually think of an enlargement as making a shape bigger, an enlargement could bea, Rien tener An enlargement is described by its seale factor and the point from which the shape enlarges (dxnown as the centre) eee we THINGS Example 1: “we: “Things, baud it deade ld | LA LI t-te tte td at s[] [Pot tT pis ty ojos When a shape is enlarged, the original and the enlargement are said to be ‘sim © the angles stay the same; ‘the sides all increase by the scale factor; * the distance of each of the vertices from the centre increases by the scale factor. ‘The transformations in the grid above can be described in the following ways’ Mapping _| Description [rto¥ | | Enlargement, scale factod2, centre (0, 0) [TtoZ) _| Enlargement, scale factor\3} centre (0, 0) 10Enjoy + Improve + Succeed Maths4Everyone.com Example 2: ‘The transformations in the grid above can be described in the following ways: Mapping | Deseription TtoA Enlargement, scale factor 2,/eentrd (17, a] Enlargement, scale factor 3,Jeentrd| 0,3)Maths4Everyone.com SPEED ACTIVITY 4 Look at the diagram: Pere Enjoy + Improve + Succeed Is 1. Complete the tabl le to describe the enlargements: (14, le T onto B T onto Tonto A 3 2 | (Girne) O-S (13, 16) 2. Label the new shape X. Enlarge shape T with scale facto 2 and centre (16, 13), (b) Enlarge shape T with scale fet nd centre, (7, 12).| Label the new shape Y. 12Enjoy + Improve + Succeed ‘Maths4Everyone.com MIXED TRANSFORMATIONS DESCRIBING TRANSFORMATIONS SAMPLE QUESTIONS 1 1. The diagram shows some shapes on a coordinate grid: 15 pti LI 0 | s | |Y.7 0 [as [2] Describe fully each of the following transformations (reifieriber to state the type of transformation): (a) |Ttoa ) \TwB| (c) \Stoc (© |\Tws © (DoT REFLECTION, Miggor LINE I ac= S REFLECTION, MIRROR LINE IS Y= 6 ? RoTATION, \GO", CENTRE IS (13,8) ROTATION | AP ANTI-CLockWiSé, 3 cane is (18,5) TRANSUATION | VER WS ( 8) RoTATION, 0° clockwise, cenTRe IS C13, 8) 13Maths4Everyone.com 2. The diagram shows some triangles on a coordinate grid; . s [Tv a Describe fully each of the following transformations: s ® aMANSLATION , VECTER IS ( 3) () (XQ REFLECTDN, MIRROR LINE 4S y=6 © (XR REFLECTION, MIRROR LINE IS 2 * \ @ Xto$ ENLARGEMENT, SCALE FACTOR IS 2 CENTRE IS (0,15) () XoT ROTATION Qo® antl~ Cro CWE centage 1S (6,6) Enjoy + Improve + SucceedEnjoy + Improve + Succeed Maths4Everyone.com DRAWING TRANSFORMATIONS SAMPLE QUESTIONS 2 1, Below is a coordinate grid showing a triangle: | 15 On the grid: (a) \Reflecthriangle $ in the lingy — 4 Label the new triangle A (b) [Reffect langle S in the tinekx = 6 Label the new triangle B (©) [Rotate briangle ${90" clockwise around the point(14, 6) Label the new triangle C (@ [Translate briangle $ by the vector ( 8 Label the new triangle D (©) (Reftectriangle S in the lingy = x | Label the new triangle E © [Eatrgehronse s witha factor 2Jand centre\(6, 4)] abel the new triangle 15Maths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve + Succeed 2. Below is a coordinate grid showing a quadrilateral: | 15, ‘| | 10} y | f 5 + i] z TT | | of | 5 On the grid: (a) {Reflect uacrilateral Q in the liney =x] Label the new triangle R (b) [Reflect quadrilateral Q in the line|y = 10) abel the new triangle S (© (Enlarge|quadrilateral Q with(scale factor 3Jand centre (0, 6)| Label the new triangle T (4) (Translate quadrilateral Q by the vector || !5 Label the new triangle U 6 (©) [Rotate quadrilateral Q|90" anticlockwise)around the point(13, 12) abel the new triangle (8 (Reflect quadrilateral Q in the line} = 12 ‘abel the new triangle WEnjoy + Improve + Succeed Maths4Everyone.com, a (@) On the grid enlarge triangle! P|with a scale factor 3|and|centze (3, 4) Label the new triangle Q. (©) On the gridtranslateeiangle [Q)by the vector ( 4 } Label the new triangle R. 8 (©) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle P’onto triangte R. ENURGEMENT, SCALE FACTOR 3, CENTRE C 159) (4) On the grid {reflect triangle Qhin the lin = 9 Label the new triangle S.Maths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve + Succeed 4, (a) On the gridreflect friangle|P in the lind y= 11 Label the new triangle Q. (©) On the grid {reflect{trianglePlin the linely =x / Label the new triangle R. (©) On the gridj rotate triangle Q|through 90° clockwise|about the poink (8, 12)] Label the new triangle S. (€) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle Wonto triangle S RetATION, 1$O°, CENTRE IS (4,10)Enjoy + Improve + Succeed Maths4Everyone.com 5. oY jl Describe fully the single transformation, which maps triangle Pronto triangle Q. Rotation , 0° ANTI-CLocluwiSé CENTRE (0, 0) (© | Om the grid franstate|tiangle|Q hy the veetor (4) Label the new triangle R. (2) (c) Describe fully the single transformation, which maps triangle P onto triangle R. ROTATION, AO? ABNTI~ CLockuisé , CENTRE (3,1) \@| On the grid, enlargeltrianglelP With scale factor 2 bnd centre! (1, -5) a= Label the new triangle S. On the grid] rotatetriangle{Q through(180" About the poin{(2, 1)] Label the new triangle T. 19Maths4Everyone.com Enjoy + Improve + Sueceed 6. | | «| — > (a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle P onto triangle Q. REFLECTION , MiRROR WWE 1S Ysoe — Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle P onto triangle R. ENLARGEMENT, SCALE FAcToR LZ CENTRE (0,3) (©) On the grid [reflect friangle R jn the y-axis. Label the new triangle S. (@), On the grid{rotate triangle P(90" anti-clockwisé about the poiné (-1, 3)) Label thenewshapeT. A shape, P, islenlarged|by scale factor 3 to give shape Q. Which of the following statements are true? False The angles in P and Q are the same. The lengths in P and Q are the same. Shapes P and Q are congruent. Q\o|ala7 oO qyqjo Shapes P and Q are similar. 20