RED MEIGEN Q.

IMPORTANTE
11 LEIBNIZ

MINI-CONCEPT PAPER

1) CAPPUCINNO
cap·puc·ci·no | \ ˌka-pə-ˈchē-(ˌ)nō

DEFINITION
espresso coffee topped with frothed hot milk or cream and often flavored with
cinnamon

SUPPORTING DETAIL 1
Cappuccinos first popped up as the 'Kapuziner' in Viennese coffee houses in the
1700s. A description of the 'Kapuziner' from 1805 described it as "coffee with
cream and sugar," and a description of the drink from 1850 adds "spices" to the
recipe.

SUPPORTING DETAIL 2
These drinks had a brown color similar to the robes worn by the Capuchin
('Kapuzin') friars in Vienna, and this is where their name came from.

SUPPOTING DETAIL 3
The word 'Capuchin' literally means cowl or hood in Italian, and it was a name
given to the Capuchin monks for their hooded robes.

SUPPORTING DETAIL 4
Although the name 'Kapuziner' was used in Vienna, the actual cappuccino was
invented in Italy, and the name was adapted to become 'Cappuccino.' It was first
made in the early 1900a, shortly after the popularization of the espresso
machine in 1901. The first record of the cappuccino we have found was in the
1930s.
2) ASSASSIN
as·sas·sin | \ ə-ˈsa-sᵊn

DEFINITION
one who murders a politically important person either for money or from fanatical
adherence to a cause

SUPPORTING DETAIL1
1530s (in Anglo-Latin from mid-13c.), via medieval French and Italian Assissini,
Assassini, from Arabic hashīshīn "hashish-users," an Arabic nickname for the
Nizari Ismaili sect in the Middle Easat during the Crusades, plural of hashishiyy,
from the source of hashish (q.v.).

SUPPORTING DETAIL 2
A fanatical Muslim sect in the mountains of Lebanon at the time of the Crusades,
under leadership of the "Old Man of the Mountains" (which translates Arabic
shaik-al-jibal, name applied to Hasan ibu-al-Sabbah), they had a reputation for
murdering opposing leaders after intoxicating themselves by eating hashish.
Their reputation has spread in Western Europe 12c.-13c.

SUPPORTING DETAIL 3
The plural suffix -in was mistaken in Europe for part of the word (compare
Bedouin). Middle English had the word as hassais (mid-14c.), from Old French
hassasis, assasis, which is from the Arabic word.

SUPPORTING DETAIL 4
The generalization of the sect's nickname to the meaning of any sort of assassin
happened in Italian at the start of the 14th century. The word with the
generalized meaning was often used in Italian in the 14th and 15th centuries. In
the mid 16th century the generalized Italian word entered French, followed a little
later by English.