(Onna) FEM can be actly ted To obits uchole beetiy fin) system / l & Aided tlw Seat elements whore chermaeteri ane studied ant athe rebuilt the onlafinal systero Jroo such Smutl elements fh onder lo Under stared! ane behaviour of tre entwe Sytkere: + Efnite Camown elements ) Element Crype of Elements) Methets (Different elements re adopt) + Complex (ov) Frregular ecrmetries cind shapes fe dif{feult +o onabyxe So fk ut be Converted Frito known shaped pieces analyse the qportized pouscle tp obtain fiml sol” | St ethaliing over “the cEreumberence of the CBrele- * Procedune of Fem t- > pierfifzation of poate: " (E means Afuidire, the bealiy frto OD of finfte. elerments hich equbvelent egstero pprowireake element | associated rodes ard choose the a Aype to observe. most elnsely “the ackual phpteat behaviour of -the medel . ; : é @ternent = reckonale r srotal elerrants = S eqotal nodes = 15 | Scanned with CamScannershe dba hliked boady efter crealect wHtD “TE Mest, green pregram (n) Fre process? progres quatlable te the UWlers: Ffqe shows 4 example of creatthg a {ihe clement rea lor a can ttevey beams the bear f& trade of sect supports & gonsentyated toad at ts free nde P seledion gf dteplacerent damier” Step® fivelves choostt dteplacersernt function vstth rx, eretabch element ithe qunchoo defred wth the Necal values bf -the elemart. fo the elernent 7 Lnearry quadratte cube polynomials oe frequently weds Becauee they atraple “to tears Formation of skijken Mace 4 Govern’ ise Ghettalty the develepract of eesfners mart F To" eq’ cae. bared wn the Concept of stiftners fof uence tore ffieient vohich preprocess he background fr structure analysis. @ Check Equilibrins Methed , ky SHY a ol 4 {4 A > Aaeecmablg tl clament Malic foto Guoble _rrederin apply. boundasy conditions t keateree [ ] | ies =f | EXS Scanned with CamScannerwhere Ke Stih{ners cnetrtx & = Dreplacernent F = Fovee ke [RN Ka Ris Ku Kis] (4) 4 ®t th fea Ky be | fa | | He) tgs Kea Ky Has | | Kat kus kus Kau Ks] dy s Kt kya tea Ky Ss) (45 ke Ve. " F ~> Solve for etntnoren degrees ef freed After ary 4 athe ho! of Sfmulattinesus aleporate eqpaie solved ust Goselfrndhattor method: > tnterpret the ~eautts the final step fe te pe the Sol? and rreaults dhtained fron te. preufous Stepte meike sthe detiary dleastefon: torelitfon. the set deppplicattons of FEI te cfurl Cragg Boots of thmuts ,frames » folded pleter, brid en y arms eben, = & Afrerapt Analysis A ofreratt-strucheres 9 TA, Structures vets | Spice cratt } infesile. struckyres B Mech: design — stress af of plates » dempositel’! = prakerlals s Links. 4-qears > press-venely Pistons ete © He etIT —spemperarbine’ chibtyisaltey fh wie wiectS) analysts of tins te Scanned with CamScannerpb: Electrfeat Mach?nes 4 electro: magnebirs — rorabae of Sumeronnud Af Faclire-ton role » eddy currents and tostes fh electrical role. 6 tiyclraulic ¢ Weer yesource érnaq - ‘fnalagsts of potenttal flow fee Sunface {lone , viscous tone ¢ resists of hydravlte Shructuves: F- Nucleay rag ee ot nuclear pes: versels of shuckeres 8 Geo Methanfer — Steis analysts to eorls q tourdaltow te of Epes soy balls 4: Bfo~ Medical = skress of heart-versels etc-y teeth » Mechantes Abe Ocean ona — besfgn of ship structeres » TC eines ete * Potential Eoegy and tquilierue the total’ pe of ain elastic & defined os the cum of the total Strain Enesqy Work potential Ae vtWwe For Lect elarte materadls the shawn Enero Stored rene fool pet ont volume & ele et lal stot 2 & qiren key : [rds rend | Work potentfal = Werk potearat NPS Sutendn~ fattde Bute Fat athe total PE tor ‘he genesal el extn fs fo" by ¥ Scanned with CamScanneret ° Ra |r TeAdt— fede a eee ctr ce — i... fet 1 ene’ ' : a ote aor Port tod x Panella K mip Ret ‘ For the conser valve stems of att tre Kinemabitally adenisalale al& placement fretds these cervespancting te trink 6+ IF the . tee tate & stable ty “the wuitlibriun © 4 nm tne equitioriun s extrem tone? mfnfrow Boo mtr potential Enevay { s +A Spi maw Suter . . 7 4 Tei au ae gs og SGD == Berle eB : Let Kyks be stif{nes of the Sponge mW yrdF be the Afeplacerment of the Springs at pedes (23° 8% be the deflections of 2 springs for equiltrives Conelibrons ee enay mechanes Concept + 9g Fico 3 element Using tree becly dingron = Break FE 1 oo We! > KBr=S 1 a ee _ te / : bw We =F H Ro : & Bot! d= 438-Y —— Scanned with CamScanneroie ee | SR Tat 7H Cre?” ty he Ga- “= As) elo oO. Be °° 759; (3 eilgi-b) ths a-42)"> Pra) *° GD 4 > y &(3s lyre Vs by 4a “pP ~F43)2° itt <4 O we ger ' OF Th 24-42.) re —-® ® > EK 2641-2) 6) Hh Gs - 4t-1 DB Cha-de Jt ke (452¢y) OF | 3k Gimqod - & Gy que = mae > Rr aitgz (ERD tga 20) 67 3% 2095-43 )- rie fe 2 (a, poder —é6 Now wet Hira tre 2 a. & mabtx tho Kock) ob oe s ; Oy -k,) Ro “d sve ' ie O ke he i wy Is F on canee ots equilibrtine <4? + Uk}g JRY= i Scanned with CamScannerFrbduansogss ep FeMs - Medlsltng ot Erreguterr Shaped bodies is eoay - tp handle general Wwad torclitions wt thowk 7 anyrolty. = Easy to mectel loodiier ustth abibhe metertols = bosy to voly the element Stac to wie Small elements whenevel mecersary. = easy *o etter the finite element methodlen rredel+ — Gosy t Enelude dajrerrnfe eh ects ~ Easy te handle none lneat lbehavinut: Hofeduantagerts Wfthout echtvoare packeuges Sul) provers fe wen long» FE consure, move time — to order to anche reany nor oC, elements Cormputer packages cue erential. Reduce only Approwimnete sol” . - Enowtedge Pm morte cblgebra 7 aihferentrakion q totegralcon & eq + etheds 2b Sapg “Ocak ‘there que 3 iff: methods ate usually adopted dor onalize « products: ca a “1 Ee For) yf vourable! J Fic dono © experimental Methed e exack ey! metretes © rnetly tical Ms io Llinent eal ered Ghowwn. fo the §7g- wrth ody force fs ee Tird stern at any point & “Ue re Est sacl ie s fea (397 dx eau) oh By vatng Rov lenynr wt Metheel sure aly bets Consider q polinerntadt ex? Ueartyx tas? ——f ' te should satiohy. the following conel'tions of aso pure 7 Ae PUES og at betindauy ton” tr <4? © aA ay azo) eAal0) £0 , Plug at Be to eg? | Okg (24a? =O > 42d, =O [esa] , Us 0-Qaa Was. = Qasr ar es acl Sus asst Cire) a e g (aglre2x ») i = a5 (21-2) # + a3 (170) Scanned with CamScanner> at | B-3 fee Bas tr-ry Fate 1243 i ae =s if er Uar(atPaln +243 a > ft : = Mass , OP rart ian t20, 3 2 2. = Bag? | 2 _ g ° Ee afas, 2 5 aae fe oo , 3 [$-a +2] #03 #403 (2-uas Frans tel PEER REE sthig method & eroptoyed ty ob approrimate eq? 4p Ureat arc ron Unrest atftperentral eqns Uf we use ths methal the finite Suh domaty he 3. beast Squcre 4 Galerkin Method. + Glarkins Meiped's to this meth Berefl Lunt yoo ¢ t-selh & Coneide vec) - 28 vserg ting fanaron- her sthe clomaio fotegrol ot the product of traft equal te KELO+ vw et Wwe tdKe the fund ett the weridual f% then Set fuvetrardda Jrnnetecat de #0” D ' h sete ae ferro fs represented "4 1 by ! S egeMEAS war Noval Serato = ele nena \ ‘ ; Orta ral Length — Scanned with CamScanner(ut 24 Fa) (x -u)) nan = = Wr BH ele +A% ig | a one: straio ey Matin) For Unear elastic Son te eta athe Stren stain . For gelakton comes fea ite qprekaiised stHoakke’s haus otrmpiz materials, the tr00 mottertal’ properties “4e Young's Modulus (E) ard possion's vatio (ou wut?) &= RY Bey a ev eye % av i ee me ie 0 CLP IW ay B= ER 4 Se c qte Scanned with CamScannerom (a= 3] where Gs Medlus of vigretty ® = ghearshen 5 7= shearstra Pay = Geng Tye = ote S © Te Ge = sam) Sx 4 te = (2) Gat tre) TAYE = ES (ect) +m = | ' jay (ot Gt )-—A —6 | how from eq” © | fe = Se & Ely) @ is <4” ® in er O 2 “= [Fay Gee) - n] We ee ary Oot Gy & -% EO = Ley. exs em Fayette) N é. % TEST = x tat ggy Contgyeee) 2 (t +Py)& ‘easy Ceyere) - bate. Srey a ae “ray Gy ter) Scanned with CamScannerje ecw) (avyeeav) i lav ipa yt) ie En Ven Te ee iios [erwyent yt) Woy eZ [ves Cowreyt vee) 1 © 4 Qevytev) b iE ely ¢ Cv br ae Feat lP “ie ) Now from eq” 6) we get Mass) x! Che : Mey “4, ~ataw) 7 . 2s [iar oles Qe aw) S ty) 7 YW Tye = geweawl STA). YO. Ta a faite av? p= bx] e ©6 Ro ferro of Matt EV) a, Voy. 42, © S dv oy % v Cv o &: 6 &y Y ov bw) oo ° fe Me oe o;9 0 Woo ' a, Tavlirv) a a “4 0 0 po oto Hy =- Tye 20 0,08 0 9 o Sl pm Teed, 2 xt ee oR} trex) = PO dence Ser Scanned with CamScannerJavan] Cre vey + ee] Bo Ad ae Ee, bor) Ge ek Plane strafy ON Os Core“ Te +0 but Tyg = Ter? oa t ty Ss Ex et Fuvlaw we 9) sdf § Case-@ Plato stress Wao p tye = % 20 : me Low 0. & 2 sal “ws ws ie er bison Ae Sy aa coleta£e C8) Nbtett, léSplacement- at point P (8 Sbaty fy Sach element 7.27 itm chess ey (fh) Reactors at redes 27S Dy = Quorn 5 C= Ox Nimes by go0gam®) 3 Exe 00x10” NIraine? Scanned with CamScannerBP operttection (eHs} E Connectivit Element Corns eoy ele Nod. 4 fa alae element Shines: Mate ke Mat a = Quoox sox of! 7 Boo ts t © Goox 20x15" Pv g F Hoo 1 1 Clement ae Wee i fr frond, > fa= R00 HTN 6 Scanned with CamScanner| Gebel sttness gett (k) a kew fos ee 8 Ree ee —3\/> os 82. tobal Lov Gieteldterce vector | F290 aooxto” of Gieee! ésplasemnent vector tet Gasasda be the displacement at nodes H2Es- Ni + Qlobol lis placement vector . T Re 4) 1429 1Y gquélibrure gy> [eI ZQY= Fey A BG ~ Sk O uy © -s6 SES = pox i 0 8 Sa 6 4 Seely Beuendaiy tonditions: eliméncitfon approach Methed , boundary Conclitions are U9 F Jaro. So, sete Corre sporchiny j Dws ¢ Colurnns then (86 r105)4, e200 xo Scanned with CamScanner(rr) strafe Se Each Element? [e=ea] | where B-> elernent strain Aes plecernent roabio et fy 23 Stel, 182} ©, L-0-23 Oo f Coe HSHTSNIS . ‘= (Rt) shes fo each: Elewent * Ve €e T= Ger . Loe = | = FORK FEX 10 Ue $23Niom> f tensile E %] HOG : = 200 xt -SaexI 7 [EUSA] compres Scanned with CamScanner(Wu) Reaction toxees R= KQC-F) At node 4% a tee g 56 0)%0 psy? R = chase ee 3 wD 3 sIfen) ~D . Ee BFA this bar of tengts Sdorem Subjected toad of Sten as Shown tn by Find) the eloyation of tre ber neglecks Seth weight « tate C2 QKIONImm> Clg, crea = B00rmnss Consider elements: and , | : to ananial (cats nodal etesplacement: (i) 6tratns € stresses aha peor? ib Element Sponectivity aA r 8p0 ra) Scanned with CamScannerowe PH 4h tat i = BOOXIRIY y ot uoo fet 7 ks thes| 1 ) Ab FEE mos R= 08] FR = tos : [: ie je bs oy wf * properties ane Same) ; k €lerment force v rector on a lel 7] ' Bxlo Gihal elgivens mabe of bs -bg 0 Ke iu tp Soete ige o tS #5 Global force vector DAA TOS a Re Ld der tay us ksi, 8 uN © to A eS opie Fhe 4 o do ts OE] | 43 axe : elirefnation approach methecks 5 Condens Ge oy 20) 4,20 .90 elelete convesperting * ant tolumn* tren : roundlary: Cos xi) =x? Cn Scanned with CamScanner(8) Reaction fynce3 : At node 427 Ris : . AFA hip bar of length Boley & subjected to anandal toad of Sen as Shown Tr be Find the elogation of ttre baw neglecting Self weight - Fate £2 2K10Nlrom = Cle, cise. = Sporn? s Consider Qelements and . (F) cat: nodal Jesplacementy za (i) Sbratns ¢ stressed : ae... bw Déeribizeliog tticalion [sf Element Conne Hetty reat w~ Scanned with CamScannerelement ehbrers obit Ae fy tr [-t ‘") 2 monn al 400 toe i prpertres ane Same) €lement force vector mann UE VA Fed 8 fa 6zaxwN mal 3x10” Girkal ok}pners: maby prs aks, 6 Kk = to AUS hs eS eS FhS lobal vector shat tere acco A Re Lae Bota) vs oS ODT, © oF rs 3 WSL Ashe 4 Dts re 3. Bx frofration | seb nets 9 bouneS i elirefration approach me ’ oo Condit Che Gy soy g,20 «90 delete corvesprtty ard telumin tren Cos xt08 Jey; = 3 x16? | Scanned with CamScanner(®) strato fh each element? AAR wn Aa E=ee coat Ay eigl 1184 Ero eatefrnd font S Osb2 Yoo { & = sxwS WF) Stress fp gach element + We Ge , Bs5G. -S ns? = OK2 xO ater (ee) 1 at ® = we tH the bq The plate AK consider @ +thin plate shot hes uniforen “thickness. -L> t theh es aorid® per 8 2028 36 tbe io addition te ‘thi Self vseight -tne plate f% Salofected to a print toad PF took’ ab tke mictpts cal.. (@) Model the plate Tito & {irtte elements [f) Wrete clown “the exprersion for elemint Sti{tners rmeabrices 4 body fore vectors: (f) Assemble the Stuehual Sifters mabte KF Fees tocid vector CE) (fu) Everluicte stve § veaction torces at Support-.« s Scanned with CamScanneral @) Ol criti nakion Zz Ca) + Ar = A = tlemunt Connectivity wen Element| nocle © | tote O \ af 2 2 2 3 (f) Clement six}tners matrts mere Stes meee tol = Mg ft —1] _ Sasegont (cy) wef i fa (! ' y= poxiet sas ~ 2S Nay lew Gas = yk 2fae(t 1] pe BASAEREO ( 7 [IQ tt 4 = aout [3% 3S a tS BA Scanned with CamScannervy ' %) Becay force vector : GArd 01 For = er) Foo = bats ' = 0288 pos ] a= O2BSER il t } B13" _ (63¢7 1 “for -{® mabe Fost Yeats [WA global Strvetual ctfteers Mate Boxe Say ser 6 loses 4 BAF o SS BAT Ke CH Global tees YREERY RR 88 BB B43 1638-1 = 43 16-38-ttOd aieat 68, 7 $38. We Strexsey Wann Tk3fay= 1 ey Bono’ [ sas Sar 6 5: = Ss Say 0 a 293) Sea oe 4a\ = huss) was sas] fg, e038 climinetion approach method apply the Be 1 ito. i conditions j.c., YES So delete -the: row ¢ Colum c Kes s 3" | 11S 4 sty ay 4 iat = FIA F; 3 a) © Fa. = q.ae x56 A, ke Scanned with CamScannerte Faces® TE BR 0 Te anvil te t ano tf. 1 44 ios f oh Tae Bortoey t fa 4 Jercee a 4 ‘ geri = bast), (O Reagkfon texees Re kal) oO fi > ae ‘Ts s Jone ‘ -$93 EVE AE — A024 Ab y De alee ae BO ISN lm As =Go0MMMD F Ey =AOOKIO SIN oor uatag pene ty expprroach tor handling bou Baar Conditions de -the foltowtrg « i W Determine nodal clreplacemen (ft) Strener fr each element” (72) Regckton forces’ R Sf Gafeqyefey a se -s¢ 0 \C%Y Ss “Wise g6 3% P= 4.200%! o - 3 As, a bo ‘S00 M Scanned with CamScannerciter penatty approach acted mar] edlxto! -to the corner oUiegonet element. of Stiffness mehr Px Max leqleret s (3-6 x105 [x107 236 x107 roe [Ser SGxIo4) -s6 o Nm & a. B86 NDE Noo ° -3 3466x004 | F. 6 tos [[s-etreno'4/)- SL}. tOxYe]° 0 oe [-s« qiteeqs aq 32200210" 05 | o4,-399 4 (atb- /@ty =[6 -Qlo)) XBT = x lo '@ve) eae now Duy +m = oy * © 3 er emp) BI? (ontenrip nel =fuyts XB wid! = fure +eUd43 ]xiB! (ae ® yeaniet Scanned with CamScannert pw LX 430241222) 11S, Oe us (aque )8° Fond xy eq 4 xa ® cu 3 SNe Ge ay (an2esng— 2) 18 ce Efex tuextd” ie > 1b @ Jane Gee oy 06 nde : 3 €g = a8 22 (Aa+3%412%g) xIe =Gatiae? - vo c Dd (hoe 1Sxto — = 2H 4.2 Fag = a MSR > o| 3 (a2ewaas >) Be laxtsa xa) ie = Un 2nd? (aei23. ME = (2x53) tar9 is? . i] Scanned with CamScannerylatg di K Shape tunck’oo the fant which velates ere field tes with fn the element -to the field %, catted “shape jun! bs also fast mutable at any pt variable of nodal pes cetted ay fr lation fun OY appront mnccke © Broperties of ‘Shape funts~ (tt conterins oy geometry: node @the ne A shape fun%.tn any glernent % equal to ae 4 4 Ore Susp of “the Shape qu’ equal to 4" CENFET) g Yano: of races: NtNos | > ber etement Ny tet Nye! —rhrciane what Element: one shape jut value Ne’ E 4 at th node ant Oatalt ? other _nocles- %K Inbias® Cov Naberal coordinate ppsen pe sransformation of Cartesian Coordinate Sphere “4 a athe Coordinate aaa the & 4, Py (my g ate)! ge i Ger! =H ty %y cue -the wasfable and && fired bo 14 4 eS mate @® “*rpty Bo Conclit”. @ Ninde 4S aya, $ Fer! Space Coorebfrettes and depends x Scanned with CamScannern= Tay te ——— @nodes Sara ¢9e*! Be p= May te & = Stet sove ef? ©4© Buk _ta-ay7-4 Sma 4 (8) eng the ye a Se ook qqel Bas Clemgob f ueo-atar ie 29 ee get! : 4, S gee ! Roel Moca el Ni a Ny eCi-é) Ne Fe ltt) an s Bic: Brcstes $ wierd 8+! @uode2. Suhel ¢ Fest! pecan) Cet) AUAS NreLl-§) eek p| Bees to the fe; fo the pbs | |) euatuake Gr N, Gna at potnt-p = () If 4, = 6-003 f $q, <0-00sfo yetermine he v o€ the Ad placement ‘q! ak pt ‘ph ene) ie eee ay 220% tp = B6 0 Scanned with CamScanneralt (€ oF. (xem J (ay -%) “w (reat w) : pote ths OHS O- DORM O25 A 0-005 BX U = 8la5 x16 7% a AA, ie Pha He shape tun’ Quads meer = 5 A ) ano \ d Beat ao i BK ym et AR B24 Boo gon 'ge! qe ay Niet) Ng co) Nyro Ny e0) Myo, Neel Scanned with CamScannercd “Tempszature ettedts 6 fry = the ah +f 4 “a rt = force beet. f temp of the sthe force vectw due te chang Ss pony Fret Whee AS C/s aren at = Teg stern: « = Coeff- of thetmal expansion E= Usa p Mectules: > strafo fn tne elemant fs given by [= Be-aar] | > Skress % she element quer by T = EBR — EXAT AFAn anal toad Ob axiwy % applied at s0°-to tre wecl ax cheer ty fg: the temp & then yaised +e 60% calls ( Netal dlisplacement qo 2 : Qi) Stress & each element UH Reactors af nodal point, KS} B88 2a = (000M rm aoe tstormme ey = OSEKIO'N rope? 5 = QE Nirone Oh, eadamo fo. 5 oe rwrid fe , io Scanned with CamScannerA> : ss | = see 7" 300 ! > ey) AT = as¥RY ‘ 3S XIb a kee to> to ; U Kio | te ky = tod (33 ~3e 3s ay ' 5 west fPS ah © ~ST IST ~1d oO td fe 2 Sf) - kre A ty ] fe ona ] Element forse Yectoy : a of, eh - gp Bechet ii } AT = 60-8 =30% = 1 ES usaoo) vy = 105 prowss oss Ay 2 Ao, at = wsDe tek = WS tae Le Gola torte vetee apes Fs tos ae pls load - OUS 3 -vOS los 4 Stok 2 TOES B.us3 roe Scanned with CamScanner[ . Gicbal aieplaccrnsol: WEES (e353 fey aso3y o | C4 a § Nat) | a5 ge -t0] 44, 8 ap | v Lto to) 14s . = tod [" oh : 4 3453 bog 3 “Apply Be by eliinaing Approach method 4952 So clelete tervyet pratian 4 columy 1ySq5 5 3US bier] ~* 9 "8 pee fo bos 65m WW strem + , are TP EBR, Guar TOROS Ll 4 1 Asoo i 1975 FROM pond 3 = Bs (-1 a} 402 T= GRR FaGAT = ante tr 199 oa aeeFevariabea0 ' Be = Scanned with CamScanner