38 Ledi Hawkein PDF

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OD ; atmif r G e f (jrwf q k r G e f )
earm wó b*0awm t&[awm
or®morÁK'ó
¨ /
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rqkH;Edkif r0Edkifaom cHpm;rIpHpm;rI csrf;omrsdK;awGudk qdkonf
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awmBu;D xJu ruRwrf vGwEf ikd b f J uRo
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armifbdk;MuL&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
oEÅdokcqdkwmuawmh avmbudavomrD;awmufBuD;awG
a'goudavomrD;awmufBuD;awG arm[udavom rD;awmuf
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armifb;kd MuLwdw
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ewfjynfrSmvnf; ewfjynftvdkuf jA[®mhjynfrSmvnf; jA[®mhjynf
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taumif;BudKuf? ESmacgif;t&om taumif;BudKuf? vQmt&om
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(rSev
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vSygbk&m;)/
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(rSev f yS gbk&m;)/
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p&mtcsuBf u;D awGuUJG armifb;kd MuL&JU? (rSev
f yS gbk&m;)/ oEÅo
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rsm;onf 'ku©awmif 'ku©wkH; 'ku©cJBuD;awG[krSwf? odMum;rif;
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umrwPSmBuD;udk olwpfckvTwfNyD; tvdkvdkufxm;r,f
qdrk jS zifh tukeAf u
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(rSev f yS gbk&m;)/
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ojzifh umrwPSmBuD;\ tBudKufchpm;rI pHpm;rI a0',dwokc
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bdk;MuL&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
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urÇmay:rSm taumif;qkH;jzpfavaomaMumifh yxroEÅdokc[k
rSwMf u/ yxroEÅo d ck odaYk &mufvQif y&rf;ywmz&dzk &J ud;k ½d;k um;&m;
uswwfaom 0dedygweab;qdk;MuD;rS wpfcgwnf;uRwfvGwfjidrf;
at;í oGm;&awmhonf/ ¤if;jidrf;at;csufudkyif urÇmay:rSm
taumif;qHk; jzpfavaomaMumifh 'kwd,oEådokc[krSwfMu/
yxroEÅo d ck ESihf 'kw,
d oEÅo
d ck pcef;odYk wef;wef;rwfrwf
qdkufa&mufMuaom olwdkYonf tyg,fi&JodkY usa&mufapwwf
aom 'kp&du k uf aH [mif; teEÅ odeaf ygif;oef;aygif;rsm;pGm ysujf ym;&
avawmhonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;MuD; ESifhvnf;awGUMuHK& usdK;eyfí
ed,w tajctaeodkYqdkufa&mufojzifh bk&m;twGuf bmom
twGufwdkYaMumifh pdk;&drfaEkmifhaES;jcif;r&Sd&/ bk&m;rSef w&m;rSef
oHCmrSef bmomrSefawGESifhom tjrJawGUMuHKMu&avawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh tyg,ab;MuD; 'kpö&dwab;MuD; ememowåm&ab;MuD;
tnbmomab;MuD;wdkYrS jidrf;at;jcif;udk urÇmay:rSm taumif;
qHk;jzpfavaomaMumifh wwd,oEÅdokc[krSwfMu/
cHpm;rI pHpm;rI a0',dwokcbufrS jird ;f at;jcif; oEÅo d ck
bufodkY aygufa&mufEdkif&ef tvkyfudkawmh armifbkd;MuLwdkY
0D&,
d "mwfrsKd ;ESihf aygufa&mufEikd rf mS r[kwyf gbl;uGYJ armifb;kd MuL&J/Y
(rSefvSygbk&m;)/ armifbdk;MuLwdkY 0d&d,wydkif;aMumiform;awGu
awmh rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ rjzpfEkdifygbl;ESifh ,ckaeYxufxd 0d&d,
"mwfMu;D udk vufavsmjh y;D vmcJMY uwm r[kwvf m;uGUJ armifb;kd MuL&JU/
(rSefvSygbk&m;)/ xdkaMumifh jidrf;at;rIqdkaom oEÅdokcbufodkY
raygufra&mufEikd bf EJ iS hf a0',dw okcbufoo Ykd m ,dik v
f eJ pfjrKyjf y;D
aeMuwmuGJU armifbdk;MuL&JU (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
xufoefaom0d&, d "mwfMu;D rsm;twGuf jird ;f at;rIqakd om
oEÅo d ck bufoq Ykd u
kd f a&mufomG ; &yHrk mS awmh vGeaf vjy;D aomtcg
umodwikd ;f Am&mPoDjynfü jA[®'wfrnfaomrif;onf wdik ;f c½dik f
EdkifiHudk tkyfcsKyfjyD; rif;vkyfaew,fuGJU armifbdk;MuL&JU? (rSefvSyg
bk&m;)/ tJ--igwdkYbk&m;tavmif;awmfMuD;uvJ vSnf;rSL;trsdK;ü
jzpfí t&G,fa&mufaomtcg vSnf;ig;&mjzifh ukefoG,ful;oef;
a&mif;0,fa&;udpöjzifh toufarG;jrL&w,fuGJU armifbkd;MuL&JU?
(rSev f yS gbk&m;)/
tJ--waeYoü bk&m;tavmif;awmfMu;D onf vSn;f ig;&m
wdkYjzifh ig;q,fudk;,lZem&Sdaom oJuEåm& c&D;MuD;odkY oGm;Muaom
tcg r&Tifrvef; pdwfyifyef;Muojzifh vSnf;ay:üom tdyfvsuf
pD;eif;vdu k yf gMuonfth wGuf a&mufcsed o
f ifah om t&yfoYkd ra&muf
MubJ rsufpdvnfvrf;vGJjyD; wpfnywfvHk; uEÅm&c&D;cJMuD;rS
rxGufajrmufEdkifMubJESifh wvnfvnfaeonfhtwGif; yljyif;vS
pGmaom aerif;uvnf; ta&SUavmu"mwfu ay:xGufawmh
tcsed af &mufonft h cgrS vSn;f om;awGvnf; tdy&f mrSE;kd Muí rdrw
d Ykd
oGm;vrf;vmvrf;udk pHkprf;aomtcg rsufpdvnfvrf;rSm;aMumif;
odMuonft h wGuf tvsit f jref vSn;f rsm;uf&k yfqikd ;f apjy;D EGm;rsm;
udkcRwfí oJuEÅm&MuD;jzpfaeonfhtwGuf opfyift&dyftm0go
uvJr&dS aeyljyif;rnfhta&;udk aMumuf&GUHMuaomaMumifh rdrd
wdkYygvmMuaom apmift0wfzsmoifjzL;rsm;udk r@yf t&Htwm;
trdk;tumjyKvkyfjyD; pdk;&drfaMumifhMuvsuf ylyefjyD; aeMu&awmh
wmyJuGJU armifbkd;MuL&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
tJ--¤if;vSn;f om;ig;&mawGrmS vJ a&ukecf ef;ojzifh aoaus
ysufpD;&awmhrnfhta&;udk igwdkYbk&m; tavmif;awmfMuD;u
arQmfawG;rdojzifh igonfxufoefaon 0D&d,"mwfMuD;ravsmhbJ
vltaygif;wdkY\ pdwfESvkH; jidrf;at;csrf;omrI&apawmh[k ayguf
wl;udk,lapí pdrf;pdkaomaepmrsufESmawG\ atmuft&yfudk
wl;ap& w,fuUJG armifb;dk MuL&JU(rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ tJxckd PüyifvQif
tawmif ajcmufq,f&t dS &yfoUkd a&mufvQif wpfcak omausmufzsm
MuD;udk awGU&aomaMumifh atmufodkYqufvufwl;azmf&ef rsm;pGm
cJ,Of; av&um;?0D&d,"mwfudk csufcsif; avsmhvdkufMuw,fuGJU
armif bkd;MuL&JU?(rSefvSygbk&m;)/
igwdkYbk&m;tavmif;awmfMuD;onf tvkyftauR; wynfh
i,fudkac:í ]]tarmif? oifonf 0D&d,"mwfudk avsmhvdkufonf
&Sad omf cyford ;f aomvlwo Ykd nf rvSryysupf ;D Muuket f /hH oifonf
xufoefaom 0D&d,udkravsmhrlí þoHcRefudk,ljyD;vQif ausmuf
zsmudk tm;wdkufbdí azmufcGJavmh}}[k apcdkif;vdkufw,fuGJU
armifb;dk MuL&JU?(rSev
f yS gbk&m;)/ tJ xdt k cg tvkyt f auR; wynfih ,f
onf bk&m;tavmif;awmfMuD;\ pum;udk0efcHí a&wGif;odkY
oufqif;jy;D vQif ausmufzsmudk twif;wvMurf; aygufcaJG vvQif
ausmufzsmMuD;onf tv,fü usdK;aygufí xef;vHk;rQ yrmP
&Sdaoma&onf txufodkY w&Sdefwnf;wufvmyg a&muGJU armif
bkd;MuL&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJ xdktcg rsm;pGmaom vSnf;ukef
onfwdkYonf tm;&0rf;ompGm tvdk&Sdwdkif; aomufcsdK;Mu&í
pd;k &draf MumifMh uAsmyg& tyl"mwf a&iwfaomqif;&Jab;Mu;D rS xGuf
ajrmufí jidrf;at;rIbufodkY csufcsif;ul;ajymif;oGm;&w,fuGJU
armifbdk;MuL&JU?(rSefvSygbk&m;)/
tJwm xufoefaom 0D&d,"mwf wefcdk;BuD;twGufuGJU
armifbkd;MuL&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJ'gaMumifh xufoefaom
0D&d,"mwf wefcdk;tpGrf;rsm;onf tvGefaumif;jrwfcsrf;omaom
oEÅo d ck Nird ;f at;rIbufoYkd a&mufonf\tjzpfukd a[mawmfral om
ygVdawmfBuD;udk aumif;aumif;rSwfvdkufuGJY armifbdk;MuL&JU/
(rSev
f yS gbk&m;)/
tudvmokaem 0PÖ yax cPEÅm?
O'*FaP ww¬ yyH t0dE´KH/
{0Hrked 0D&d, AvlyyaEém?
tudvmok 0daE´ [',ó oEÅð/
(Zm?1/1/Zm?|?q/122/)
tudvmokaem=rysi;f r&duek af om vSn;f ukeo
f nfwo
Ykd nf?
0PÖyax=oJc&D;ü? cPEÅm=wl;ukefvwfaomf? t*FaP=vlwdkY\
oGm;&majrtjyifjzpfaom? ww¬0PÖyax=xdkoJc&D;ü? yyH=a&udk?
t0dE´KH=&ukef\? {0Hwxm=xdkYtwl? 0D&d,AvlyyaEém=um,Avç
ÓPAvESifhjynfhpkHaom? tudvmok=rysif;r&daom? rked=ynm
½Sdaom&[ef;onf? [',ó=pdwfESvkH;\? oEÅð=Nidrf;at;csrf;om
rIudk/ 0daE´=&&m\/
tJ ' gygVd a wmf B uD ; ud k armif b k d ; MuLwd k Y w awG t&usuf
rSwx f m;&ef tvGeaf umif;w,fuUJG armifb;kd MuL&J?Y (rSev f yS gbk&m;)?
odt
Yk wGuaf Mumifh xufoefaom 0D&, d "mwfBu;D rsm;udk tm;ay;í-
Ä aMumç jcifç ½dk;ç a&? <uif;avap? ukefap om;taoG;/
Ä toufudkrQ? rñ§m&? or®yÜ"mefav;/
[k wdkYoHcdyfuqdkonfhtwdkif; taMum tjcif t½dk; ta&
rQom<uif;usefapawmh rjzpfvQifraebl;ç rtdyfbl;ç rpm;bl;ç
rxbl;ç roGm;bl;ç rvmbl;[k &Jwif;cdkifrmaom auo&mZm
jcaoFhrif;BuD;uhJodkY aygufaygufa&mufa&muf jzpfajrmufatmif
tm;xkwfEdkifvQif oEÅdokc Nidrf;at;csrf;omrIbufodkY a&mufEdkif
yga&muGJU? armifbdk;MuL&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)? odkYtwGufaMumifh
a0',dwokc cHpm;rI pHpm;rI csrf;omrIBuD;qdkwm qif;&J'ku©BuD;
awG[k jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mawmfrlwmuGJU armifbdkMuL&JU/
,HudOöd a0',dwH tw¬d/ oAÁHwH 'ku©o®ð/
,HudOöd=tvkH;pkHaom? a0a',dwH=a0',dwokconf?
tw¬d=½Sd\? wHoAÁH=xdktvkH;pkHaom a0',dw okcrSeforQonf?
'ku©o®ð='ku©xJucsnf;omwnf;/
tJ-'gaMumifh a0',dwokc umrwPSm udavomtyl
tavmif"mwfBuD;rS Nidrf;at;csrf;omrI oEÅdokcbufodkYa&mufEdkif
xufoefvSpGmaom 0D&d,"mwfMuD; cdkifvkHpGmxm;jyD; twå'd|d
ab;qkd;\OD;acgif;udk tewåor®m'd|d r*¾if0dZÆmÓPfwnf;[laom
aygufwl;jzifh twif;'vMurf;tm;ukefvTJjyD; azmufcGJypf&r,fuGJU
udkif; ,ckna[mMum;cJhjyDaom a0',dwokcESifh oEÅdokc
w&m;ESpfyg; jcm;em;csufBuD;rsm;udk aumif;aumif;BuD; rSwfom;
xm;vdkufMuayawmh/
--------- Ä ---------
tcef; (2 )
aus;Zl;awmf&Sif
v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf
yckuúLjrdKU? e,fydkif0efaxmuf OD;pH&m om;&SifjyKyGJwGif
a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom
vu© P ma&;ok H ; yg; ½I y G m ;yk H y g0if a om
omoe'g,ZÆw&m;awmf
rdr&d ifüjzpfaomom;? olwpfyg;&ifüjzifaomom;udk ESpyf g;
aom tEk*[ ¾ wdjYk zifh jrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfwiG ;f okYd oGwo
f iG ;f
cs;D jri§ &hf aom ukov kd \f tusKd ;tmedooH Bu;D jrwfaMumif;udk tb,f
udkaxmufí odtyfygoenf;[lrl-
yg#vdykwfjynfBuD;udktpdk;&awmfrlaom oD&d"r®maomu
rif;BuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmfü uka#rsm;pGmaom
ypönf;Opömrsm;wdkYudk pGefYvSLawmfrljyD;vQif t&Sifr[marm*¾vd
ykww å ó
d rax&fjrwftm; þokeYd m;awmfavQmufav\/ ]tuREykf f
onf uka#rsm;pGmaom Opömypönf;wkYdudk pGefYvSLygonf/ tuREfkyf
onf jrwfpmG ;bk&m; omoemawmfjrwf\ tarGuckd pH x H u
kd yf gjyaD vm}
[kavQmufav\/ xdt k cg t&Sirf [marm*¾vyd w k w
å ód rax&fu
oD&d"r®maomurif;BuD;tm; þodkYrdefYawmfrlay\/ ]'umawmf
rif;BuD;? jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmfjrwfü ypönf;OpömrQudk pGefYvSL
aomolonf b0*fwdkifatmifykHpkí vSLjim;aomfvnf; ypö,
'g,um[líom qdkxdkufacsonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmf
jrwf\ tarGudkcHpH&aomol[lí rqdkxdkufacs}/
þokdY t&Sifr[marm*¾vdykwåwdórax&f ajzMum;awmf
rlaomtcg oD&d"r®maomurif;BuD;onf þokdY em;awmfavQmuf
jyef\/ ]t&Sib f &k m;? tb,fojYkd yK&aomf jrwfb&k m; omoemawmf
jrwf\ tarGukd cHpx H u
kd yf goenf;}[k avQmufjyefavaomf? jrwfpmG
bk&m;omoemawmfjrwf\ tarGuckd pH x H u
kd af omolukd jyawmrlvkd
onfjzpfí-
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twåaem ykwHå yAÁmaZwd=t,H 0kpw ö d r[m&mZ/ 'g,ma'g
omoeó}
r[m&mZ='umawmf r if ; BuD ; / ta¹m0g=uk H v k H < u,f 0
onfvnf;jzpfxaom/ 'vda'´g0g=qif;&JEGrf;yg;onfvnf;jzpfx
aom/ a,m[d aumpd=tMuiftrSwfr&Sdaomolonf/ twåaem=
rdrd\/ ykwåH=om;ajr;udk/ yAÁmaZwd=&Siftjzpf? &[ef;tjzpfjzifh
omoemawmfwGif;odkY oGwfoGif;csD;jr§ifh\/ r[m&mZ='umawmf
rif;Bu;D / t,H=þoluo kd mvQi/f omoeó=omoemawmfjrwf\/
'g,ma'g=tarGudkcH pH&aomol[lí/ 0kpöwd=qdktyf\ [lía[m
awmfrlonf/
t"dyÜm,faomfum;- 'umawmfrif;BuD;? csrf;om<u,f0
aomolyifjzpfap? qif;&JEGrf;yg;aomolyifjzpf ap? tMuifolonf
rdrd&ifüjzpfaom om;ajr;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmfwGif;odkY
oGwfoGif;csD;jr§ifh\? xdkoludkomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmf
jrwf\ tarGukd cHp&H aomol[q k x
kd u
kd af csonf}[lí t"dygÜ ,fvm
acsonf/
tb,fokdYvQif rdrd&ifüjzpfaom om;ajr;udk jrwfpGm
bk&m;omoemawmfwGif;odkY oGwfoGif;csD;jr§ifhaomolonf jrwfpGm
bk&m; omoemawmfjrwf\ tarGudk cHpH&avoenf;[lrlum;
rdrdwdkYvSL'gef;aom ouFef;ç oydwfç y&du©&mwdkYudk0wf½kHvsuf
&SifomraPtjzpf &[ef;yOöif;tjzpfokdY a&mufMuavukefaom
trsd K ;om;wd k Y o nf &S i f o mraPtjzpf &[ef ; yOö i f ; tjzpf o d k Y
a&mufMuavonfEiS hf wpfjyKd ief uf jrwfpmG bk&m;\ om; awmfjrwf
tjzpfokdY a&mufMuavukef\/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sifr[m
arm*¾vmef? t&SiftmeE´m? tp&Sdukefaom t&d,moHCmawmf
jrwfwdkY\ nDawmfjrwftjzpfokdY a&mufMuavukef\/
&Sif&[ef;tjzpfokdY a&mufMuukefonfESifhwpfjydKifeuf
t"doDvodu©m omoemawmfjrwf\ tarGudk cHpHMu&ukef\/
t"dpw d o å ud m© omoemawmfjrwf\tarGuckd pH x H u
kd Mf uavuke\ f /
t"dynmodu©m omoemawmfjrwf\/ tarGudk cHpHxdkufMuav
uke\f /
ousykwåd, omuD0ifrif;om; jrwfpGmbk&m;\om;awmf
[laom 0denf;awmfAsm'dwf bGUJ wHqyd ef mrH txl;udk &Muavuke\ f /
&SifomraPjyKqJtcdkufüaomfvnf;aumif;? &[ef;yOÆif;jyKqJ
tcd k u f ü aomf v nf ; aumif ; ? &S i f j zpf z d k Y t *F g &[ef ; jzpf z d k Y t *F g
yg&SdjrJjzpfayaom ouFef;ç oydwfç y&du©&mwdkYudk vSL'gef;ol
'g,umwdrYk mS vnf; xd&k iS af vmif; &[ef;avmif;wdo Yk nf omuD0if
rif;om; bk&m;om;awmftjzpfokdY a&mufMuavukefonfESifh
wpfjyKd ief uf ouFe;f ç oydwçf y&du&© mpdu
k x
f w
k cf s;D ajrm§ uf vSL'gef;ol
'g,umwdYk onfvnf; rdrw d \Ykd omraP rdrw d \Ykd &[ef;yÍöi;f rsm;udk
taMumif;jyKí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ aqGawmf&if; rsdK;awmf&if; twGif;
oltwGif;om;tjzpfokdY a&mufMuavukef\/ w&m;awmf jrwf\
aqGawmf&if; rsdK;awmf&if; twGif;oltwGif;om;tjzpfokdY a&muf
Muavukef\/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sifr[marm*¾vmef? t&Sif
tmeE´ m tp&S d a om t&d , moH C mawmf j rwf w d k Y \ aqG a wmf
&if;rsdK;awmf&if; twGif;oltwGif;om; tjzpfokdY a&mufMuav
ukef\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmfjrwf\ trdt&m tzt&m
Ówdrdwåt&mü wnf&jcif; wnf;[laom *kPfaus;Zl;txl;udk
cHpHMu&avukef\/
þuJhokdY rdrdwdkYjyKtyfaom &[ef;aumif;&Sifaumif;rsm;udk
taMumif;jyKí omoemawmfjrwf\ trdt&m tzt&m Ówdrw d å
t&mü wnf&jcif;wnf;[laom *kPfaus;Zl;txl;udk cHpHMu&
onf[k a[mawmfrlayonf/
þuJhokdY omoemawmfjrwf\tarGudk cHpH&jcif;rnfonf
avmuü olaX;ol<u,fç ya'o&mZfç {u&mZfç pMumrE¨mwfrif;
wdkY\ tarGudk cHpH&jcif;xuf tqrsm;pGm omvGefjrifhjrwfav\/
odMum;rif; ewfrif; jAm[®mrif;wdkY\tarGudk cHpH&jcif;xuf
tqrsm;pGmomvGefjrifhjrwfav\/ tb,fhaMumifhvQif avmuü
olaX;ol<u,fç ya'o&mZfç {u&mZfç pMumrE¨mwfrif;wd\
Yk tarGukd
cHpH&jcif;xuf tqrsm;pGm omvGefjrifhjrwf&avoenf;qdkaomf-
xdkavmuDtarGtESpfwdkYrnfonf avmbrD;ç a'gorD;ç
arm[rD;ç ZmwdrD;ç Z&mrD;ç r&PrD;ç aomurD;ç y&da'0rD; 'ku©rD;ç
a'greórD;ç Oyg,morD;[laom wpfq,fhwpfyg;aomrD;wdkY\
yGm;pD;awmufavmif&m rD;pmxif;pkozG,f jzpfMuukefonfjzpfí
xdkavmuDtarGudk cHpH&jcif;onf awbkr®u0#f'ku©oHo&mü
umv&SnfMumpGm epfrGef;arsmygzdkYomjzpfacsonf/ omoemawmf
jrwf\ tarGudk cHpH&jcif;onfrlum; xdkwpfq,fhwpfyg;aomrD;udk
tvsiftjrefjidrf;apEkdifaom tjrdKuf&wem oDwma&csrf;ozG,f
jzpfavonfESifh awbkr®u 0#f'ku©oHo&mrS rMumrwif tvsif
aqmpGmuRwfvGwfEdkifaom Oyedó,BuD;jzpfavonf/
uRwfvGwfMuaomtcgüvnf; t&SiftEk½k'¨gç t&Sif
tmeE´mç t&Sif&m[kvm tp&Sdaom olwdkYuJhodkY aemifyGifhawmfrl
vwåHUaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ aqGawmf&if;rsdK;awmf&if; twGif;ol
twGif;om;tjzpfESifh uRwfvGwfEdkif&maom Oyedó,BuD;jzpf
avonf/ þokaYd omtaMumif;aMumifh olaX;ol<u,fç ya'o&mZfç
{u&mZfç pMumrE¨mwfrif;wdkY\ tarGudkcHpH&onfxuf omoem
awmfjrwf\tarGudk cHpH&jcif;onf tqrsm;pGmom vGefjrifhjrwf
avonf/ þokaYd [mawmfral om a'oemawmfjrwfukd toifEh v S ;Hk
ydkufMuHK;rdMuukefaom w&m;emy&dowftaygif; olawmfaumif;
wdkYonfvnf; terw*¾oHo&mü tvGef&cJvSpGmaom omoe
'g,ZÆ omoemawmfjrwf\ tarGcH ukokdvftxl;udkcHpHMu&jcif;
tusKd ;iSg rdr&d ifüjzpfaom om;ajr;udak omfvnf;aumif; olwpfyg;
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vm;aMumif; tukov kd uf aH [mif; ode;f aygif;oef;aygif; uka#aygif;
teEÅonf ur®0#frnf\[krSwf/
(*) 0dygu0#fqw kd muawmhi&Jw&d pämefNyw d må tok&um,f
[kqt kd yfaom tyg,fav;bko H m;wd\ Yk cE¨muk,d af wGudk 0dygu0#f
qdkonf[k rSwfvdkufuGJU armifpdef&JU/
twå'd|dab;qdk;BuD;ukd tyg,foHo&m\qdkif&m udavo
0#f[lí b,ftwGufaMumifh qdk&ygovJ[k armifpdefwdkYukd tjcm;
olrsm;uar;vQif b,fvdkajzrvJuGJU armifpdef&JU/ ]rajzwwfygbl;
rodygbl;}[líom avQmufxm;vdkufygawmh? 'grSyJat;ygw,f/
rif;wdkYwpfawGu t0dZÆmtkyfpdk;csufudk cHaeMu&aom
t0dZmÆ e,form;awGjzpfae&awmh rodrjrif rxif rvif;Edik af om
trdik w f iG ;f Bu;D xJoYkd oufqif;uReH pfí wjrK§ yx f jJ rK§ yaf ewmud;k uG,hf
armifpdef&JU/ 'ghaMumifh odjrifxifvif;Edkifaom 0dZÆmÓPfpcef;odkY
rqduk Ef ikd Mf ubJEiS hf wayaywawaw jzpfcsiw f wfwikd ;f jzpf? ysucf sif
wwfwdkif;ysufaeMuwmuGJU armifpdef&JU/ tJonfawmh t0dZÆme,f
orm;rSe;f odEikd &f ef bmudb k aJ r;ar; ] rodygbl;} [k ]bl;} udo k mvQif
uefx½dkufcHNyD; a&vJESifhoHk;aeyguGJU armifpdef&JU/
armifped w
f v
Ykd kd t0dZmÆ e,form;awG tajrmuftrsm; &Sad eav
acG;bHak wG 0ufbakH wG MuufbkH iSub f akH wG rsm;jym;Ny;D pnfum;av[k
ezl;ay:rSm vufwifí pOf;pm;NyD;rSwfuGJU armifpdef&JU/ ¤if; acG;
0uf Muuf iSufpaom tyg,fav;bHkwdkYrS uRwfvGwfvdkMuvQif
,cknw&m;a[majymonfh twå'|d v d &kd if; w&m; tcsuBf u;D rsm;udk
ususee aoaocsmcsm rSwfxm;vdkufuGJU armifpdef&JU/ udkif;
q&mawmfu ay:vGifxif&Sm;atmif a[mMum; jyor,f/
twå'd|dab;qdk;BuD;&SdaerSjzifh vlUbHkvlUb0rSm jzpfae&
aomfvnf; atmufwef;usaom acG; 0uf Muuf iSub f b kH 0odo
Yk m
wvnfvnfw0J0J usa&mufNyD; ae&awmhr,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
xdkYtwl ewfbHk ewfb0 jA[®mbHk jA[®mhb0 jzpfae&aomfvnf;
tyg,f a v;bH k t wG i f ; od k Y o m ck e f q if ; usa&muf M u&wmyJ u G J U
armifpdef&JU/ 'ghaMumifh twå'd|dab;qdk;BuD;ukd tyg,foHo&m\
qdik &f m udavo0#f[k qd&k wmuGUaJ rmifped &f UJ / ur®0#fqw kd muawmh
'kp½kdufq,fyg; raumif;aomw&m;BuD;rsm;udk qdkonf[krSwf/
0dygu0#fqdkonfum; acG;cE¨m 0ufcE¨m MuufcE¨mpaom tyg,f
cE¨mawGudk qdkonf[krSwf/
urÇmolurÇmom;awGonf tMuifrQavmufumvywfvHk;
twå'|d ad b;qd;k Bu;D udk ry,frjzwf&ao;? xdrk Qavmufumvywfv;kH
urÇmolurÇmom;awGonf tyg,fe,ftwGif;rS vGwfuif;Edkifvdrfh
rnf r[kwf/ xdkYaMumifh twå'd|dab;qdk;BuD;udk csdK;zJhzsufqD;&ef
tewåor®m'd|d r*¾ifpcef;BuD;odkYa&mufatmif tewå ykwD;pdyfudk
MuyfMuyfBuD;*½kpdkuf&r,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
'kwd, tv,foHo&mBuD;\qdkif&m-
(u) udavo0#f qdkwmu umrwPSmBuD;udk qdkvdkonf/
umrwPSm BuD;udkqdkonfum; rsufpdt&om taumif;BudKuf
rIBuD;wpfyg;? em;t&om taumif;BudKufrIBuD;wpfyg;? ESmacgif;
t&om taumif;BudKufrIBuD; wpfyg;? vQmt&om taumif;
BudKufrIBuD;wpfyg;? udk,ft*Fgt&om taumif;BudKufrIBuD;wpfyg;
þtaumif ; Bud K uf r I B uD ; ig;yg;ud k umrwPS m BuD ; [k q d k o nf /
umr*kPfig;yg;wdkYü om,mrufarmrIBuD; ig;yg;wdkYaywnf;/ ¤if;
umrwPSmBuD;onf NiD;aiGUajcmufaoGUBuD; jzpfaeaomaMumifh
tjyifudkomarmhí arQmfí ae&awmhwmbJuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvS
ygbk&m;)/
tJ umrwPSmonf bmeJUwlygovJvq Ykd akd wmh igwdt Yk xuf
tnmrsm;rSm ajymif;qefç vl;qef xrif;rsm;ESifhwlonf[krSwf/
ajymif;qefç vlqefxrif;rnfonf olcY sn;f pm;ygu rjzpfavmufEikd f
avmufatmif eifíomae\? ysKd Uíomae\/ odt Yk wGuf tjyifu
t&Htwm;awGjzpfaom tcsdKç tcsOfçtpyfç tiefç tzefç tcg;ç
trsdK;rsdK;wdkYESifh wGJzufa&marTípm;rSomvQif jrdefjrdef&Suf&SufBuD;
jzpfEkdifwmr[kwfvm;bGJU armifpdef&JU (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJ'gvdk
rif;wdkYoEÅmef? wdkYoEÅmefrSm tkyfpkd;vsuf&Sdaeom umrwPSmBuD;
onf taz:rrS;D wpfa,mufx;D wnf;omaer,fqv kd Qif ajymif;qef
vl;qef;xrif;uJo h Ykd ji;D awmuf ajcmufaoGU Bu;D jzpfíomaeav\/
tJ'gaMumifhrdkY tjyifu tcsdKç tcsOfç tpyfç tiefç tzefç tcg;ç
tqdrfYç ttDpaom [if;trsdK;rsdK;awGESifhwlaom ½lyg½kHç o'´g½kHç
*E¨m½kHç &om½kHç azm|AÁm½kH [laom tm½kHtrsdK;rsdK;awG rGrf;rH
cs,fvS,fí ay;aeMu&wmr[kwfvm;uGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSyg
bk&m;)/
,ck rif;wdkY yJcl;jrdKUoljrdKUom;awGESifh urÇmay:rSm&SdorQ
urÇmolurÇmom;awG[m umr"mwftyk pf ;kd csuu f kd cHaeMu&ojzifh
terw*¾oHo&mupí ,aeYntxd ½lyg½kHç o'´g½kHpaom tm½kH
trsdK;rsdK;wnf;[laom nTeftdkifBuD;xJrSm jr§KyfaeMu&wm r[kwf
vm;uGUJ armifped &f UJ ? (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh umr wPSmBu;D onf
jiDawmufajcmufaoGUBuD;[krSwf/ rsufpduvnf; rsufpdESifhqdkif&m
tqif;trsKd ;rsKd ;? em;uvnf; em;ESiq hf ikd &f m toHtrsKd ;rsKd ;? ESmacgif;
uvnf; ESmacgif;ESiq hf ikd &f m teHt Y rsKd ;rsKd ;? vQmuvnf; vQmESiq hf ikd &f m
t&omtrsdK;rsdK;? udk,fuvnf; udk,fESifhqdkif&m tawGUtrsdK;rsdK;
wdkYudkom arQmfaeMuwmuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJ-
,cka[majymcJYwJY umrwPSmBuD;[m tv,foHo&m\qdkif&m
udavom0#f [lírSwf/
(c) tv,foHo&m\qdkif&m ur®0#fqdkwmuawmh
onfvrdk w S v
f ukd u
f /YJG rif;wdYk yJc;l olawG yJc;l om;awGu pufoal |;Bu;D
pnf;pdrfcsrf;omrsdK;wdkYudk awmifhwíjyKtyfaom'gerIç oDvrIç
bm0emrIawG? a&TolaX; aiGolaX; ywårsm;olaX; ausmufolaX;
Bu;D awG? pnf;pdrcf sr;f omrsKd ;udk awmifw h íjyKtyfaom 'gerIç oDvrIç
bm0emrIawG? &Gmydik f jrKd Uydik f jynfyikd f wdik ;f ydik f Edik if yH ikd f pMum0Vmydik f
urÇmydifk f pwJY bk&ifrif;jrwfw\ Ykd pnf;pdrcf sr;f omrsKd ;udk awmifw h í
jyKtyfaom 'gerIç oDvrIç bm0emrIawG? ewfoMd um; jA[®mcsr;f om
rsKd ;udk awmifw h íjyKtyfaom 'gerIç oDvrIç bm0emrIwu Ykd kd tv,f
oHo&m\qdik &f m ur®0#f[q k w
kd ,fuYJG armifped &f UJ ? (rSev
f yS gbk&m;)/
(*) tv,foo H &m\qdik &f m 0dygu0#f qdw k muawmh
vlb Y oHk m;ewfjynfajcmufxyf ewfbo Hk m;wd\Yk cE¨mawGukd 0dygu0#f
[k qdk&w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
tb,faMumifh umrwPSmBuD;udk tv,foHo&m\
qdik &f m udavo0#f[í l qd&k ygovJ} [kar;cGe;f &S&d UJ / xdu k mrwPSm
tEko,Bu;D &Sad eaomolonf txufb0*fbrHk mS jzpfaeaomfvnf;
atmufvlbkH ewfbkHodkY w&pf0J0J wvnfvnfom usa&mufí
ae&wmbJuUJG armifped &f UJ ? (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ 'gaMumifh umrwPSm
Eko,BuD;udk tv,foHo&m\qdkif&m udavo0#f[kqdk&wmuGJU
armifpdef&JU/ urÇmolurÇmom;awGonf ]tMuifrQavmuf umv
ywfvkH; umrwPSm"mwfBuD;udk wu,fhokc"mwftaersdK;jzifh
xifa,mifxifrmS ; jyKíaeao;\? xdrk Qavmufaom umvywfv;Hk
urÇmolurÇmom;awGonf tyg,fe,fy,fwGif;rS uRwfvGwfcGifh
r&Edkif} [krSwfvdkufuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
(u) wwd,txufoHo&mBuD;\qdkif&m udavo 0#fukd
½S i f ; vif ; íjyOD ; rnf / txuf o H o &m\qd k i f & m ud a vo0#f
qdkwmuawmh b0wPSmukdqdkonf[krSwf/ b0wPSmqdkwmu
txufaumif;uif bkHrSm½SdaeMuaom jA[®mMuD;wdkY\ oEÅmefü½Sd
aeaom psmeftbdÓPf ormywf[q k t
kd yfaom ur®0#fü om,m
aom wPSmwpfyg;? xdu k r®0#f\ tusKd ;wefc;kd £'ÿd g'fwüYkd om,m
aom wPSmwpfyg;? þwPSm ESpyf g;ukd txufoo H &m\ qdik &f m
udavo0#fqdk&w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
¤if;b0wPSmBuD;onfbmESifhwlygovJqdkawmh bdef;BudKuf
wJw h ½kwBf u;D ESiwhf ol nf[rk wS ?f bde;f BuKd uw f Jh w½kwBf u;D onf rdr\ d
bdef;½SL&ef ajymif;wHud&d,mtpkHtvifESifh wpfa,mufwnf;
tcef;wHcg;ydwfí NidrfoufpGmbdef;½SLNyD;rSdef;aeonfhtcg tjyifu
rNidrfrouf qlnHyGufNyD; *sdK;*sdK;a*smif;a*smif;ESifh uaomif;ueif;
½kef;&if;qefcwfjzpfaomtm½kHawGudk tvsOf;yiftvdkr½Sdbl;whJ
armifped &f ?hJ onfw½kwBf u;D rSm olbed ;f ½SL&ef ud&, d mawG½v dS QiNf y;D a&m?
tjyifu om;r,m;tm½kçH a&T aiGtm½kH paom tm½kt H rsKd ;rsKd ;awGukd
owd&rSma0;pG? olYxHvmrSmawmif trsm;BuD;pdk;&drfaewmuGJY
armifpdefU&JU? tJ'gvdkbJ jA[®mBuD;udktkyfpdk;aewJh b0wPSmBuD;[m
bdef;BudKufonfh w½kwfBuD;vdk psmeft[kef? psmeft½SdefawGESifh
rSed ;f Ny;D t[kwBf u;D xifí rl;arhavsmah eawmhwmbJ? tJonfjA[®mBu;D
awGrSmawmh tjyifu t&Htwm; taz;tr taxmuftuljzpf
aom ½lyg½kHç o'´g½kHpaom tm½kHtrsdK;rsKd;awGudk tvdkr½Sdbl;uGJU
armifped &f UJ ? olUpsmefwefc;kd awGuo kd myk, H NHk y;D tm;ud;k aewmjzpfawmh
tu,fhpsmeokc"mwfBuD; psmefcsrf;omBuD;bJ[k txifvGJNyD; psmef
csrf;omBuD;xJrSm wvnfwnf;vnf wjr§Kyfwnf;jr§Kyfaewm uGJU
armifpdef&JU/
(c) wwd, txufoHo&mBuD;\qdkif&m ur®0#fqdkwm
uawmh yxrpsmefukodkvf 'kwd,psmef ukodkvftp½Sdaom ½ly
ukodkvfig;yg;? t½lyukodkvfav;yg;? þr[*¾Kwfukodkvfudk;yg;udk
ur®0#fqdkw,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
(*) wwd, txufoHo&m\qdkif&m 0dygu0#fqdkwm
uawmh ½lyjA[®mç t½lyjA[®mwdUk \ cE¨mud, k uf kd 0dygu0#fqkd w,fuUJG
armifpdef&JU? ¤if;jA[®mBuD;rsm;onf] tMuifrQavmufumvywfvkH;
b0wPSmBu;D udk okc"mwftaersKd ;jzifrh w S xf if,MHk unftm;udv k suf
½Sad eao;\? xdrk Qavmuf umvywfv;Hk tyg,f0#fusi;f qif;&JwiG ;f
odkY oufqif;usa&muf&rnf} trSefbJuGJU armifpdef&JU/
'gaMumifhr[kwfvm; 0dbif;ygVdawmfBuD;rsm;rSm-
Ou©dwåm yknawaZe?
umr½ly *wð*wm/
b0*¾rÜdp orÜwåm?
yke *päEÅd 'k*¾wð/ (tbd? 0d/ 441)
yknawaZe=rdrdwdkYjyKMuaom 'geç oDvpaom umr
ukodkvf? yxrpsmefç 'kwd,psmefpaom ½lyjA[®mukodkvfwdkY\
t½Sdeft[kefonf? Ou©dwåm=csD;yifhajr§mufwiftyfukefonfjzpfí?
umr½ly*wð=vlYjynfewfjynf[laom umrbkHyxrpsmefpaom
½lyjA[®mbko H ?Ykd *wmydp=a&mufMuukeaf omolwo Ykd nf vnf;aumif;?
b0*¾H=b0*fac:aom t½lyjA[®mbkHodkY? orÜwåmydp= a&mufukef
aomolwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? yke=wpfzef? 'k*¾wð=tyg,fav;
bkH[laom 'k*¾wdbkHodkY? *päEÅd=usa&mufvmMuukef\/
,ck q&mawmfa[majymchJaom oHo&mBuD; okH;aMumif;
okH;oG,fwdkYonf
(1) yxr atmufoHo&mrSm twå'd|dab;qdk;MuD;\
OD;acgif;udk tewåor®m'd|rd *¾i0f Zd mÆ ÓPfwnf;[laom aygufw;l ESihf
twif;'vMurf; azmufcGJjyD;ypf&ef ta&;MuD;w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
(2) 'kwd, tv,foHo&mMuD;rSm umrwPSmokc? tyl
tavmif"mwfMuD;\OD;acgif;udk 'ku©wnf;[laom tajrmuf
pdefajymif;MuD;jzifh twif;eif;wGef;uefjyD; jzdKcGif;acszsufjyD;ypf&ef
ta&;MuD;w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
(3) wwd, txufoHo&mMuD;rSmvnf;yJ b0wPSm
okc"mwfMuD;\OD;acgif;udk 'ku©wnf;[laom tajrmufpdefajymif;
MuD;jzifh twif;eif;wGef;uefjyD; jzdKcGif;acszsufjyD;ypf&ef ta&;MuD;
w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
tJ ,ck½iS ;f vif;í a[mjycJw Y muawmh armifped w f Ykd yJc;l ol
yJcl;om;awG em;vnfoGm;atmif 0#foHk;yg;oHk;vDudk csJUxGifum
jyqdkaewmuGJU armifpdef&JU/
udkif; wpfcgxyfí oHo&m0#f'ku©udk tenf;i,f a[mOD;
r,fuGJU aumif;aumif;MuD;rSwfvdkufprf; armifpdef&JU/ oHo&m0#f
'ku©qdkwmuawmh
1/ Zmwd'ku©wpfyg;?
2/ Z&m'ku©wpfyg;?
3/ r&P'ku©wpfyg;?
4/ aomu'ku©wpfyg;?
5/ y&da'0'ku©wpfyg;?
6/ 'ku© 'ku©wpfyg;/
7/ a'greówpfyg;?
8/ Oyg,mo 'ku©wpfyg;?
9/ tyd,or®a,m*'ku©wpfyg;?
10/ yd,0dyÜa,m*'ku©wpfyg;?
11/ £päm0dCmw'ku©wpfyg;?
þwpfYwpfyg;aom 'ku©tcsufMuD;wdkYudk oHo&m0#f'ku©
vdkYqdkw,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
1/ Zmwd'ku©qdkonfum; armifpdefwdkY urÇmol urÇm
om;wdkY\ tvdkudk tenf;i,fuav;rQvdkufjcif;r½Sd bJ abmuf
aomufavsmufvsm; jzpfay:jcif;tavhoabm½Sdw,fuGJU armif
pdef&JU/ tJ q&mawmfu armifpdefwdkY yJcl;olyJcl;om;awG em;vnf
atmif OyrmajymjyOD;rnf/ wpfckaom awmt&yf|meMuD;ü
rD;aygufrD;yGm;wdkYonf rdk;MuD;½GmouJYodkY tjrJusa&mufjzpfyGm;í
ae&m\/ wpfa,mufaomolonf MuD;pGmaom ,rf;xkyfudkayGU
ydkufí xdkawmtv,fodkY oGm;&m\/ xdkoltm; rcRwfrvGJvQif
'ku©MuD;pGmjzpfav&m\/ tb,fhaMumifhygvJqdkaomf rD;ESifhawGU
cJYvQif xdkol\ tvdkudkriJYbJrvdkufbJ ,rf;\yuwd tvdktm;
jzifh rD;awmufí xdo k u l ykd if avmifav&maomaMumifw h nf;/ udik ;f
þOyrmudk armifpdefu owdxm;vdkufprf;uGJU/
avmuMuD;oHk;yg;onf udavomrD;wdkYudk vGefpGmjzpfyGm;
apEdkifaom Oyg'ged,w&m;wdkY\ terw*¾oHo&mESifhtrQ tjrJ
jzpfxGef;&mXmejzpfí rD;aygufrD;yGm; rdk;MuD; tjrJ½Gmíaeaom
awmt&yf M uD ; ES i f h w l w ,f u G J U armif p d e f & J U ? (rS e f v S y gbk & m;)/
wpf a ,muf w pf a ,muf a om owå 0 gütpOf y g½S d í aeaom
wpfaxmifig;&m udavomtpktcJ MuD;onf xdkolü&ifcGifydkufí
tpOfyg½Sad om ,rf;xkyMf u;D ESiw hf \l [krw
S /f udavomoH;k yg;onf
,rf;yHkrD;us rD;awmufxatmif vIHUaqmfEdkifaom tm½kHawmMuD;
twdjzpfw,fuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ avmbw&m;\
jzpf a y:rI o nf ol a wmf a umif ; w&m; tcsKyf t xd e f ; r½S d y gu
taMumif;tm½kH vHUI aqmfwikd ;f ,rf;yHrk ;D usaygufvw T f avsmufvsm;
jzpfcsiwf wfwikd ;f jzpfaeawmhwmyJuUJG armifped &f UJ / (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/
olawmfaumif;w&m; qdkwmuvJ b0wpf&mrSm wpfcgrawGUvdkY
b0wpfaxmifrmS wpfcgrawGUvdYk tvGeaf wGUMuKH cw J ,fuUJG / urÇmol
urÇmom;wdkYuvJ rdrdwdkY\ yuwdtvdk[lí r&MuukefbJ avmb
"r®\tvdkudk rdrdwdkYtvdkjyKvkyfMuí aygufvTwfvdkufpm;jyD; ae
MuwmuGJU armifpdef&JU/ (a&owå0gç ukef;owå0gç vlUavmuç
ewfavmu tukefarQmfMuav)/
urÇmavmuMuD;xJrSm avmb Zmwdç a'goZmwdç arm[
Zmwdpaom udavomZmwdqkd awmMu;D awGviId ;f xjy;D jzpfcsiw f ikd ;f
jzpfaeMuwmuGJU armifpdef&JU/ udavomZmwdqdkonfum; urÇm
avmuMuD;tv,fü udavomwdkY\ ZmwfxGufrIudk qdkwmuGJU
armifpdef&JU/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ i&Jç jydwåmç tok&um,fbkHwdkYü
a'goa'greó Zmwfxu G rf MI u;D awGonf tvGeMf u;D us,v f w
S muGUJ
armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ a&wd&pämefç ukef;wd&pämefbHkwdkYü
arm[Zmwfxu G rf MI u;D vJ tvGeMf u;D us,o f nf[rk wS /f armifped w
f Ykd
vlavmuMuD;xJrSmvJ tvGefZmwf½Iyfonf[krSwf/ atmufpwk
r[m&mZfbHküvnf; Zmwf½Iyfonf[k rSwf/ txufewfjynfü
avmbZmwf xGufrIMuD;onf tvGefMuD;us,fvSonf[k rSwf/
jA[®mjY ynfwüYkd rmeç'd|Zd mwf tvGeMf u;D us,v f oS nf[rk w S uf UJG armif
pde&f UJ / (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ tJ ,ckjyvdu k w
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vsm; jzpfjcifwwfwikd ;f jzpfay:&wmuGUJ armifped &f UJ ? (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/
armifped w f Ykd wawG[m r&Pvufeufab;Bu;D usa&mufvu kd v f Qif
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acG;Zmwdç 0ufZmwdç EGm;Zmwd ponf tcsufra&G; xGufcsifwwf
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b,f j yd w å m rsd K ;um;rjzpf [ k r&S d / tok & um,f r sd K ;wG i f b,f
tok&um,frsdK;um; rjzpf[k r&Sd/ i&JBuD;&SpfxyfwdkYwGifvnf;
vlUjynfrS pkawvQif b,fi&JBu;D ürjzpf[k r&S/d terw*¾oo H &mü
owå0gtaygif;wdo Yk nf pkawonfraS emufü ur®oum uHypfcs&m
[k rdrdwdkYudk,fcE¨mudk tpOfxm0& aygufvTwfxm;Mu&wmuGJU
armifpdef&JU/ tJ xdkenf;twl ewfjynf jA[®mhjynfrS pkawMu&mü
vnf; tukefarQmfav/
0d y guf c E¨ m wd k Y \ Zmwd a b;BuD ; onf tb,f r Qavmuf
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toduk tf tkBH u;D us,yf ?Hk i&J jyw
d må tok&um,fwüYkd touf&n S yf ?Hk
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Zmwd 'ku©paom oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS uRwfvGwfjcif;udk edAÁmef
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xdkoHk;rsdK;wdkYwGif-
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qdk&w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/ (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
3/ wwd,edAÁmef qdkwmuawmh ½lyjA[®mç t½lyjA[®m b0
tqufquf[kqdktyfaom txufoHo&mMuD;\qdkif&m 0#f
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wwd,edAÁmef[k qdk&w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/ (rSefvSygbk&m; )/
armifpdefwdkYcE¨mü tewåÓPftjrifaygufí twå'd|d
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uka#aygif;rsm;pGm tukov kd u
f aH [mif;uHopfwrYkd v S nf; wpfcgwnf;
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wdkYüvnf; xdktwlomrSwfayawmh/ xdkyxredAÁmefü wnfaom
olonf ykxZk OftjzpfrS uRwv f w G íf t&d,mtjzpfü wnf&av\/
avmuDbHkom;tjzpfrSuRwfvGwfí avmukwå&mbHkom;tjzpfü
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(rSefvSygbk&m;)/ twå'd|dMuD;½SdaeMuaomolwdkY\ oHo&mü
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ukefw,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/ jzpfav&m&m bkHb0üvnf; avmuD
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xm;&ef &Sw d ,fr[kwv f m;uGUJ armifped &f UJ ? (rSevf yS gbk&m;)/ wdvYk ,fwD
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jzpfay:&awmh'gyJuUJG armifped &f UJ ? (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ acG;awGç 0ufawGç
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armifpdefwdkYwpfawGu olaX; ol<u,f ya'o&mZfwdkY\
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wlw,fuUJG armifped &f UJ ? (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ Zmwdç Z&mç r&Pç aomuç
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tJonfawmh rif;wdyYk cJ ;l olawG[m tykw"f mwf td;k pd;k vsuf
&Sad om vif;wBu;D rsm;ESihf wlaew,fuUJG armifped &f UJ ? (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/
vif;wBuD;rsm;[m olwdkYtem;oGm;jyD; ]tarmifvif;wBuD;a&?
b,fawm b,fawmifrS tausmfpHyg eHYomu&ruf tarT;tMudKif
awG tvGefaygwmuvm;} [kajymvQif vif;wuMudKufrSmr[kwf
bl;uGJU armifpdef&JU/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh vif;wqdkwJh taumif
rsdK;u tykyf"mwftkyfpdk; aewmjzpfawmh tarT;tMudKif "mwf
awGESifhqdkvQif uefYvefYqefYusifbufjzpfaewmuGJU/ 'gaMumifh
tarT;tMuKd i"f mwfqv kd Qif vif;wu rsuaf Mumwnfrh mS r[kwb f ;l uGUJ
armifpdef&JU/ vif;w oabmusudk ajymr,fqdkvQif ]tarmif
vif;wa&? b,fawmb,fawmifrmS raumif;aom acG;aoaumif
ykyaf wG 0ufaoaumifyyk af wG tvGeaf ygrsm;wmuvm;} [kajymvQif
tvGefoabmusrSmyguGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJonf
tykyf"mwftkyfpdk;vsuf&Sdaom vif;wBuD;rsm;ESifh armifpdefwdkY
yJcl;olawGESifh wlaew,fuGJU/
umrwPSm tylttdkuftykyf"mwfBuD;awG tkyfpdk;csuf
BuD;rsm;udk cHaeMu&aom armifpdefwdkYyJcl;olawG\em;rSm ]wwd,
edAÁmefBuD;onf cE¨mig;yg;t<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfjidrf;&awmh\/
cHpm;zG,fpHpm;zG,f toG,foG,faom tm½kHawGvJ tukefcsKyf
aysmuf&awmh\ h } vdaYk jymvQif oabmusrmS r[kwb f ;l uGUJ armifped &f UJ ?
(rSefvSygbk&m;)/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh armifpdfefwdkY yJcl;olawG&JU
oEÅmefü avmbudavom tylttdkuf tykwf"mwfBuD;awG?
a'goudavom tylttdu k f tyky"f mwfBu;D awG? arm[udavom
tylttdkuf tykwf"mwfBuD;awGu pD;eif;tkyfpdk; vTrf;rdk;jyD;aewm
jzpfawmh cHpm;rI pHpm;rIawG r&Sad wmhb;l vdq Yk v
kd Qif uefv Y efq
Y efu
Y sif
bufjzpfí rsuaf Mumwnfrh mS r[kwb f ;l uGUJ armifped &f UJ / armifped wf Ykd
yJc;l olawGoabmusukd ajymr,fqv kd Qif avmbudavomawGEiS hf
qdik &f m cHpm;rI pHpm;rI a0',dwokcbufu rsm;onfxufrsm;atmif
BuD;onfxufBuD;atmif &Trf;&Trf;pdkpdkBuD;ajymrSom rsm;pGmoabm
usuek rf mS r[kwv f m;uGUJ armifped &f UJ ? (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ wwd,edAmÁ efü
rSwf&eftcsufBuD;rSm 'd|dç rme xlajymMuukefaom ½lyjA[®mbkH
t½lyjA[®mbkH tvkH;pkHwdkYrS tpOfxm0&vGwfrIuRwfrI jidrf;rI
csKyfrIBuD;ukd wwd,edAÁmefqdkw,fuGJY armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
xdkwwd,edAÁmefwdkifatmif aygufa&mufEdkifMuukefaom olwdkY
onfum; &[EÅmtppfjzpfMuukeí f umrbkçH ½lybkçH t½lybk[ H al om
bkHokH;yg;wdkYrS tpOfxm0&vGwfMu uRwfMu jidrf;Mu csKyfMu&ukef
w,fuUJG armifped &f UJ / ,ckb0wGif y&deAd mÁ ef0ifMuavuke\ f [lv/kd
¤if; wwd,edAÁmefü b0wPSmBuD;udk y,fjzwf&ef ta&;
BuD;vS\/ odkYtwGufaMumifh jA[®mhcE¨mwdkY\ 'ku©tcsufBuD;wdkYudk
xifjrifatmifMunfh½I&m t&[wår*fudk&ojzifh xdkb0 wPSmBuD;
onf t<uif ; tusef r &S d uRwf v G w f c sKyf j id r f ; &awmh w myJ u G J U
armifped &f UJ ? (rSev
f yS gbk&m;)/ tJ ¤if;b0wPSmBu;D csKyjf ird ;f onfEiS hf
wpfjyKd ief uf jA[®mtjzpfuakd y;Edik af om ukov dk u f r®b0wdEYk iS hf jA[®m
cE¨mtqufqufwo Ykd nfvnf; wpfcgwnf; t<uif;tuserf &Sd uRwf
vGwfcsKyfjidrf;&awmhwmyJuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
'kw, d edAmÁ efü a[mjycJah omOyrmESit hf vm;wl Oyrmwpfck
a[mrnf aumif;aumif;rSwfvdkufprf;uGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSyg
bk&m;)/ zGJaowåmBuD;wpfckonf&Sdav&m\/ xdkzGJaowåmBuD;\
jyifyü teDt0gpaom aq;trsKd ;rsKd ; jc,fv, S v f su&f \
dS / twGi;f ü
rSmrlum; zGJMurf;awG tjynfh&Sd\/ bDvl;BuD;o&JBuD; obufBuD;
ok;H aumifonfvnf;&S\ d / tqdyx f efaoma>rqd;k uif;qd;k trsKd ;rsKd ;
vnf;&Sd\/ raumif;aom zGJMurf;awGudk pm;aomufíaeaom
ydk;trsdK;rsdK;vnf;&Sd tjynfh&Sd\/ þOyrmü ½lyjA[®mç t½lyjA[®m
BuD;wdkY\ cE¨monf zGJEkzGJMurf;wdkY jzifhjynfhaom aowåmBuD;i,fESihf
wlw,fuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ wPSmç rmeç 'd|dokH;yg;
wdkYonf/ aowåmwGif;ü&SdaombDvl;BuD; o&JBuD; obufBuD;
okH;aumifESifh wlw,fuJGU armifpdef&JU?(rSefvSygbk&m;)/ xdkrSwpfyg;
aom udavomw&m;rsm;onf aowåmwGif;ü&Sdaom tqdyfxef
aom a>rqdk; uif;qdk;trsdK;rsdK;ESifhvnf; wlw,fuGJU armifpdef&JU?
(rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ Zmwdç Z&mç r&P 'kur© sm;onf xdak owåmwGi;f ü
zGJEkzGJMurf;wdkYudk pm;aeMuaomydk;rsdK;ESifhwlw,fuGJU armifpdef&JU?
jA[®mcE¨mBuD;rsm;onf zGJEkzGJMurf;wdkYjzifh jynfhaom aowåmBuD;ESifh
wlykHrSm zGJMurf;rnfonf b,f[mrStokH;rus ydk;pmrTm;pm rD;pmrQ
omjzpfwmyJuGJU armifpdef&JU/
xdtk wl þowå0grsm;onf terw*¾oo H &mü b0cE¨mudk
&cJMh uonfrmS teEÅ&MdS uavjy/D odaYk omftyg,0#f'u k © taygif;wGif
,aeYxufwikd f tb,f'u k w© pfcu
k rkd Q y,fjzwfEikd jf y[D k r&Sad o;bl;uGUJ
armifped &f UJ / Z&mç r&P rD;pmrQomjzpfí ukeq f ;Hk cJah v\/ xdak Mumifh
jA[®mcE¨monf tokH;rusaom zGJMurf;aowåmBuD;ESifh wlw,fuGJU
armifpdef&JU/
1/ yxratmufoHo&mBuD;csKyfjidrf;jcif;udk yxredAÁmef
[krSwf? tewå ta&;BuD;onf/
2/ 'k w d , tv,f o H o &mBuD ; csKyf j id r f ; jcif ; ud k 'k w d ,
edAÁmef[krSwf? 'ku©ta&;BuD;onf/
3/ wwd , txuf o H o &mBuD ; csKyf j id r f ; jcif ; ud k wwd ,
edAÁmef[krSwf? 'ku©ta&;BuD;onf/
tJ'gaMumifh b0wPSmOD;pD;aewJh jA[®mBu;D rsm;[m psmeft&Sed f
psmeft[kefawGESifh aysmfykdufrl;½ll;jyD; rdrd\xGufvrf; vGwfvrf;
uRwfvrf;udkrS rarQmfrawG;bJESifhom tcsdefawGtvum; jzKef;ypf
wmuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ zGJaowåmBuD;ESifhwlaom
jA[®mBu;D rsm;\ bkb H 0udk pufqyk &f &HG mS Muí b0wPSmBu;D udk 'ku©
vufeufBu;D jzifh wpfcgwnf; emvHrxEdik af tmif twif;jzKd zsuyf pf
&r,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
tJ - ,cka[majymcJhjyD;aom edAÁmefokH;&yfrSmvnf;yJ
Ak'b¨ mom omoemawmftwGi;f ü yxroHo&mBu;D \ csKyjf ird ;f &m
yxredAÁmefudk&jcif;iSg tvGefta&;BuD;w,fuGJU armifpdef&JU/
xdkedAÁmefudkvnf; ,ckvlYb0üaomfvnf;aumif;? ewfjynfodkY
a&mufí ewfb0üaomfvnf;aumif;? &Edkifaom tcGifhumv
&Sw
d ,fuUJG armifped &f UJ / armifped w
f w
Ykd awG[m bk&m;omoemawmf
jrwfBuD;ESifhawGMuHKygvsuf þyxredAÁmefudkrQ r&cJhonf&Sdaomf
vdk&if;tusdK;udkr&bJ vGJjcif;BuD;vGJoGm;&rSmawGuGJU armifpdef&JU/
,ckumvBu;D xJü urÇmolurÇmom;wdo Yk nf rdrw
d uYkd ,
kd u
f kd
,ckbk&m;omoemawmfwGif;rSm edAÁmefudkr&EdkifMuukefjyD aemuf
t&darawå,sjrwfpGmbk&m; omoemokdYa&mufrS &EdkifMuvdrfhrnf
rSwfxifvsuf &SdaeMuukefwmuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ xdk
rSwfxifcsufonf ed,wAsm'dwf&jyD;aom yk*d¾KvfwdkYrSom rSwfxif
csuftwdkif; &EdkifMuukefvwåHU/ ed,wAsm'dwfudk r&bl;aom
armifped w
f vYkd kd ted,w urÇmol urÇmom;wdrYk mS rlum; rSwx f ifcsuf
twdkif; &EdkifMu&ef tvGefcJ,Of;vSwmuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSyg
bk&m;)/ cJ,Of;ykHrSm onfvdkrSwfvdkuf/
,ckbk&m;omoem uG,fvGefjyD;onfhaemuf arawå,sjrwf
pGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrl&mumvuvJ tvGefa0;uGmvsuf&Sdao;w,f
uGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ vlYb0aygif; ewfb0aygif;
odef;aomif;rsm;pGm usifvnfMu&aomfvnf; xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;
omoemokdY a&mufEdkifMurnfr[kwfbl;uGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSyg
bk&m;)/ pyfMum;üvnf; omoemy trdu k af wmBu;D xJrmS usiv f nf
Mu&vdrOhf ;D r,f/ twå'|d d ab;qd;k Bu;D wif;xif;ESihf xdt k rduk af wmBu;D
twGi;f rSm b0aygif;rsm;pGm usiv f nf&onf&adS omf tyg,fbw Hk iG ;f
okYd b0aygif;rnfrQus&vdrrhf nf udk rodEikd Mf uaybl;uGUJ armifped &f UJ ?
(rSefvSygbk&m;)/ tJ---tyg,fbkHodkY wpfMudrfwpfcg uscJhjyefvQif
vnf; atmuft0Dpw d ikd af tmifpek q f if;wwfaom cEÅm"r®wmvrf;
BuD;twdkif; tyg,fe,fwcGifrSmyif b0aygif;odef;aygif;rsm;pGm
usifvnfíae&onf&Sdaomf xdkjrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmfESifh
awGMY uKH &efta&; ta0;Bu;D a0;uGmí ae&vdrrhf nfukd rodEikd b f ;l uGUJ
arawå,sjrwfpGmbk&m;onf ,cktEÅ&uyfukefí aemuf
tEÅ&qkwfuyfwGif vlwdkYtoufwpfodef;wrf;ü yGifhawmfrl vdrfh
rnfuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ omoemawmftESpf ESpfodef;
okH;odef; wnfxGifjyD;í uG,foGm;vdrfhr,fwJh armifpdef&JU? (rSefvS
ygbk&m;)/ tJ ---tESpEf pS o f ed ;f ok;H ode;f qdak omumvonf i&JbüHk
wpfb0 ESpb f 0rQom [krw S Mf u/ arawå,sjrwfpmG bk&m; omoem
uG,fonfhaemuf þurÇmrSm yGifhvm&ef bk&m;r&SdawmhbJ trdkuf
awmhBuD;txd jzpfjyD;aeawmhrSmuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
tJ---þurÇmukefí aemifvmrnfhurÇmawGuvJ oknurÇmawG
omrsm;pGmvmukefí tarSmifawmBuD;twd trdkufawmBuD;twd
jzpfMurSmawGuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
,ck igwdaYk *gwrjrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfwiG f vlUtjzpf
&SiftjzpfudkMuukefaomolwdkYrSm aemufbk&m;omoemESifh tvGef
tcGio hf ifah vsmí
f tvGepf cef;qdu k w f u kd o
f nf[rk w
S Mf u/ vlUtjzpf
uk&d Muaomfvnf; &if;ES;D &ef vuf&b dS &k m;omoemESihf uRwv f wG &f ef
aemufbk&m;omoemeD;vSpGmudk tvGefMuHKMudKufcJvS\? ,ck
MuHKMudKufMuayjyD/
,ckomoemawmfwGif;üjyK&aom 'geç oDvç bm0em
ukodkvfaMumifh ,ckb0rSpkawí omoemwnfxGef;&m vlrsdK;rSm
jzpfvQifvnf; ukokdvfyg&rDw&m; yGm;rsm;cGifh&MuOD;rSmyJuGJU
armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ txufpwkr[m&mZf rSmjzpf&vQif
vnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;om;awmftppfjzpfMuayukeaf om aomwmyefç
ou'g*grfç t&d,moljrwfw\ Ykd tv,füjzpfí bk&m;*kPaf usZ;l ?
w&m;awmf*kPfaus;Zl;? oHCmawmf*kPfaus;Zl;? eufeJaom
owdy|mef or®yÜ"mefpaom w&m;pum;wdkYudk Mum;emí aeMu
&OD;rSmyJuJGU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/ wm0wðomç ,mrmç
wkodwmponfwdkYrSmjzpfvQifvnf; xdkYtwlrSwfMu/
,cktcg ewfjynfajcmufxyfwdkYü bk&m;omoem pnfum;
qJ pnfum;wkef;yif&Sdao;w,f/ tpdk;&jzpfaom ewfrif;BuD;
odMum;rif;BuD;wkYduvnf; bk&m;om;awmftppf t&d,myk*d¾Kvf
awGuvm;uGUJ armifped &f UJ / (rSev f yS gbk&m;)/ ,cktcg pwkr[m&mZf
ewfjynfrSm bk&m;y&dedAÁmefpHí t&ufav;q,fausmf ig;q,fcefY
rQom &Sdao;w,f/ wm0wðomrSm t&ufESpfq,fausmfcefYrQom
&Sdao;w,f/ ,cktcg bk&m;omoem ewfjynf jA[®mjynfrsm;rSm
xGefum;qJ xGef;um;wkef;yif &Sdao;w,f[k rSwfMu/
bk&m;vufawmfü&SdMuaom om0w¬djynfol &mZj*dK[fjynf
oltp&Su d ek af om uka#ode;f oef;ru rsm;vSpmG ukeaf om rZÑrd wdik ;f
olwdkif;om; bk&m;om;awmf orD;awmftppfjzpfMuayukefaom
olwo Ykd nf ,cktcg pwkr[m&mZfrmS tjynf?h wm0wðomrSmtjynf?h
,mrm/ wkwdomrSm tjynfh&SdMuukef\/ tJ --- arawå,sbk&m;
tavmif;awmfvnf; wkow d mrSm&Sad eao;onf/ bk&m;y&deAd mÁ efpH
awmfro l nfah emuf tESpEf pS qf ,fausmcf efY twGi;f rSmjzpfMuukeaf om
rZÑdrwdkif;ol wdkif;om; bk&m;om;awmf orD;awmfwdkYvnf; ,ck
ewfjynfrSm tjynfhyif&SdaeMuwmuvm;uGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSyg
bk&m;)/
xdkYaemuf oD[kdVf (oD&dvuFm) odkY omoemawmfa&mufí
oD[Vkd rf jS zpfMuukeaf om bk&m;om;awmf orD;awmf tppfwv Ykd nf;
,ck ewfjynfrSm tjynfhyif&SdaeMuukefonf/ ,ck armifpdefwdkY
wpfawGrSm 0domcg temxydPftp&Sdaom olwdkYudk pmqdk pmawGU
ESiohf m vGr;f aeMu&wm r[kwv f m;uGUJ (rSev
f yS gbk&m;)/ ,ckb0rS
aoí ewfjynfodkYa&mufMuvQif 0domcg temxydPftp&Sdaom
bk&m;vufxufawmf&dS om0w¬jd ynfo?l &mZj*Kd [jf ynfol tp&Sad om
uka#odef;oef;ruaomolwdkYESifh ewfjynfodkYusrS Zmwfaygif;
Mu&vdrfhrnfuGJU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
xdktcgolwdkYudkMunfndKtm;usí tqkH;trudk cH,lí
aomwmyefvnf;jzpfEdkif\/ ou'g*grfvnf;jzpfEdkif\/ xdkodkY
rjzpf&aomfvnf; ,ckb0üjyKMuaom 'geç oDvç bm0em ukov kd f
aMumifh ewfjynfro S nf vljY ynfü? vljY ynfroS nf ewfjynfüqufum
qufumjzpfí arawå,sjrwfpmG bk&m; omoemawmfEiS hf awGUMuí
twkr&Sdaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ teEÅbkef;awmf wef;cdk;awmfwdkYudk
udk,fwdkif'd| zl;jrifMu&í tuRwfw&m;udk {uefrkcs&Muayvdrfh
r,fuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;)/
xdaYk Mumifh ,ckb0 bk&m;omoemawmfwiG ;f ü pcef;aumif;
udkxdkifrdvsuf tcsufMuíaeonfudk ÓPfrsufpdjzifh Munfh½Ií
odMu&r,fuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSygbk&m;) þuJhokdY pcef;aumif;
tcsufaumif;uaeí 'geç oDv tpxm;í tedpö0dyóem
'ku©0dyóem tewå0dyóemodkYwdkifa&mufatmif raerem;
tm;xkwyf gG ;rsm;MuygvQif yxredAmÁ efç 'kw, d edAmÁ efç wwd,edAmÁ ef[k
qdktyfaom okH;wefaom vrf;rSef pcef;rSefBuD;okdY rauGUraxmifh
tajzmifh{uef qdkufa&mufMu&vdrfhr,fuGJU armifpdef&JU? (rSefvSyg
bk&m;)/ udkif; -----,ckaeYn þwGif&yfqdkif;í w&m; wpfxkH;ydkif;
vdu
k jf y;D /
--------- Ä ---------
tcef; (7)
ouú & mZf 1270-jynf h E S p f ? waygif ; vqef ; (8)&uf a eY
aus;Zl ; awmf & S i f v,f w D q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ;
yk o d r f j rd K U? [d k u f p ul ; ausmif ; BuD ; wG i f
a[mMum;awmf r l a om
rD;ajcmufyg;w&m;awmf
avmabm a'gaomp arma[mp?
rmwmydwmp ylZdwm/
',Sem Ek*¾[a|e?
qaVaw t*¾dor®wm/
avmabmp=avmbonf v nf ; aumif ; / a'gaomp=
a'goonfvnf;aumif;/ arma[mp=arm[onfvnf;aumif;/
rmwmp=rdcifonfvnf;aumif;/ ydwmp=zcifonfvnf;aumif;/
yl Z d w mp=yl a Zmf x d k u f a omol o nf v nf ; aumif ; / qaVaw-
{awq=xdkajcmufyg;wdkYudk/ ',SemEk*¾[a|e=avmifjrdKufwwf
aomteuf/ csD;ajr§mufwwfaomteufESpfyg;aMumifh/ t*¾d
or®wm=rD;[lí orkwftyfukef\/
tdk ---vlrsm;taygif;wd?Yk avmbç a'goç arm[ç trdç tzç
ylaZmfxdkufaomol[kqdktyfaom þajcmufyg;wdkYonf avmif
jrKd ujf cif;? cs;D ajrm§ ufjcif;udjk yKwwfaomaMumifh rD;ESiw
hf o
l jzifh rD;[lí
rnfuek \ f /
t"dyÜg,fum; rD;üoabmESpfrsdK;&Sd\/ ESpfrsdK;[lonfum;-
(1) ¤if ; ud k yrmPjyK vpf v yf a ygh w ef p G m jyKuk e f a om
olwdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? ¤if;wdkYESifhpyfqdkifaom Opömypönf;wdkYtm;
vnf;aumif;? tuRrf;avmifjrdKufwwfukef\/ aq;vdyfaomuf
½laomolonf aq;vdyfrD;udk tav;rjyK*½krpdkufbJaevQif
tzdk;xdkufwefaom ¤if;\txnft0wfudk rMurDavmifjrdKufap
vdrfhrnf/ rD;jcpfqHü wnf&SdaomrD;"mwfonf tenf;i,fyifjzpf
aomfvnf; ¤if;\ tpGrf;owådrSm BuD;us,faomwdkufwm tdrf&m
jrdKUjyjynf&GmwdkYudk jymjzpfatmifuRrf;avmifapEdkif\/ rD;jcpfqH
wpfcük &Sad omrD;"mwfonf ZrÁL'Dygü &So d rQaom taqmufttk[ H l
orQwu Ykd kd tuketf pif ruRr;f avmifEikd [ f í l rqdrk ajym&m/ ¤if;ESihf
eD;pyfvQif wpfcrk useu f ek cf ef;atmif avmifuRr;f apEdik \f / þpum;
&yfum; rD;\',Sewåoabm? avmifjrdKufwwfaom teufo
abmwnf;/
(2) xdkrD;onf rdrdu tav;*jyKí apcdkif;vQif tvdkqE´
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íaeaom þolukd vsijf refpmG oGm;í ig\tmPmawmfEiS yhf gatmif
ac:cJh&rnf[k apvTwfawmfrl\/
apvTwftyfaom rif;csif;vkvifonfvnf; vsifjrefpGm
oGm;ví a&onfa,musfm;\ tyg;odkY uyfjyD;vQif ]tcsif;
a,musfm;? oifhudk igwdkY\ocif bk&ifrif;jrwfu trdefYawmf
rSwfojzifh ac:cJh&ef vmcJhayonf/ odkYtwGuf ,ckyifigESifhtwl
eef;awmfBuD;odkYvdkufcJh&rnf} [kajymavvQif rdrdydkufqHESpfjym;
,l&efudpöu ta&;BuD;vSojzifh a&onfa,musfm;u jyefíajymjy
onfrSm ]cspfaqG ---ighrSmvGefpGmBuD;us,f aqmif&GufzG,faom
ta&;udpörsm; ½kyfw&uf vwfwavm ylylaEG;aEG;qdkufa&mufí
aeygonf/ ighrSm wpfpkHwpf&m jypfrIjypf'Pfvnf; r&Sdyg/ rif;wdkY
&Sifbk&ifvkyfaom oludkom ta&;BuD;í rvdkufEdkifaMumif; igrSm
vdkufonf[k jyefajymavawmh} [kqdkav\/ xdktcg rif;csif;
vkvifu þolonf wpfpkHwpf&mrif;wdkY\ pdwfoabmudk rod
onfjzpfí þodkYqdkykHvu©Pmwlonf/ þrQavmuf awmus
½dkif;pdkif;aomoludk twif;yifac:iiftHh[k MuHjyD;vQif a&onf
a,musfm;\ vuf½kH; vufarmif;rsm;udk twif;udkifqGJí ]tcsif;
a,musmf ;? &Sibf &k ifqo kd ul kd tb,foYkd rSwx f ifbo
d enf;? vlwum
wd\ Yk toufO;D qHuykd ikd í f owfEikd jf zwfEikd f aoapEdik af om tmPm
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aoonfhwdkifatmif owfvdrfhrnf} ajymaomumvwGifrS tu,f
rsm;aoíoGm;vQif ol\r,m; a&onfrESifh eu©wfobifudk
roGm;&rnfudkpdk;&drfvSaomaMumifh &Sifbk&ifxHodkY vdkufOD;rSawmf
vdrfhrnf[kMuHjyD;vQif eef;awmfodkY vdkufívmcJhav\/
eef;awmfBu;D twGi;f cif;tyfaom &mZyv’ix f ufüaeaom
bk&ifrif;jrwf\ a&SUawmfodkY a&mufavvQif raMumufr&GHUbJ
&J&ifhaompdwfjzifh ]t&Sifrif;jrwf? owfvdkíyif uREkfyfudkac:
awmfrloavm? odkYwnf;r[kwf csD;ajr§mufaxmufyifhvdkíyif
ac:ygoavm? taMumif;ESpyf g;udk jcm;em;pGmrdeaYf wmfryl g/ uREykf rf mS
jyKvkyfaqmif&GufzG,f udpörsm;onf tm;BuD;pGmylyefvSojzifh
umv&SnfMumpGmae&ef tcGifhtcgr&Sdyg/ vsifjrefpGm rdefYawmfrlyg}
[k avQmufwifav\/
xdktcg &Sifbk&ifjyKvkyfaomoluvnf; tjcm;olr[kwf/
&SiftmeE´m\tavmif;awmfjzpfavojzifh a&S;a&S;aom tpOf
tqufu qif;oufaygif;pnf;ívmaom yg&rD"mwf\ ESKd ;aqmfrI
aMumifh xdt k avmif;awmf a&onfa,musmf ;udk jrifpuyif cspcf if
&Tiv
f ef;aompdwf El;nHah ysmif;aysmah ompdwf &Sad wmfro
l jzifh ]a&onf
a,musfm;? oifhudk rif;jypfrif;'Pfjzifh aoap&ef ac:awmf
rlonfr[kwf? oifhtm; ar;jref;vdkaom ta&;wpfckaMumifhom
ac:awmfrlonf}[k qdkíatmufüyg&Sdaom *gxmjzifh ar;jref;
awmfrl\/
O'¨H wywd tm'dapöm?
ta"m wywd 0gvkum/
tx *g,od 0w¬med?
e wH wywd tmwayg/ /
O'¨H=txufaumif;uifu/ tm'dapöm=yl&Sdefxefjyif; &Sifae
rif;onf/ wywd=ylavmifíae\/ ta"m=atmufajr tjyifu/
0gvkum=oJjyifBuD;onf/ wywd=ylavmifíae\/ tx=xdk
odkYjzpfygvsuf/ 0w¬med=t0wfykqdk;wdkYudk/ ed0odwGm=0wfqifí/
*g,od=oDcsi;f oDqEkd ikd bf \ d / wH=oifu h /kd tmwayg=txufuaeyl
atmufoJylonf/ ewywd=rylbJyif&Sdygoavm/
t"dyÜg,fum; m;- tcsif;a,musfm;? ,ck oifoGm;aomtcsdef
onf yl&edS 0f if;0if;awmufavmifaom tcsed af ywnf;/ vltrsm;udk
rqdkxm;ESifh aus;iSufwd&pämefrsm;yif ysHoGm;vl;vmaom tcg
r[kwfay/ txufaumif;uifu aerif;onfvnf; twif;ylí
ae\/ atmufajrtjyifüwnf&Sdaom oJuEÅm&BuD;onfvnf;
jymylrD;wrQylyefvS\/ xdkodkY tylESpfyg;n§yfíaeaom uEÅm&BuD;
v,facgifrSm xD;ESifhzdeyfrsm;udkrS raqmifbJ oifoGm;vmí ae
bd\/ oif\EIwfuvnf; wpmpmwat;at;ESifh aw;oDcsif;rsm;
udyk if &Tiv
f ef;pGm oDqEkd ikd b
f \ d / txufuaeylEiS hf atmufu oJajr
uEÅm& tylrsm;onf oift h m; rylEikd b
f &J ydS goavm/ oif\ud,
k rf mS
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av&mwGif vsijf refpmG xí atmufuyg&Sad om *gxm ud&k w G qf íkd
avQmufMum;av\/
e rH wywd tmwayg?
tmwyg wy,EÅd rH/
tw¬m [d 0d0d"m &mZ?
aw wy,EÅd e tmwayg/ (Zm? 1/ 180/)
&mZ=rif;jrwf/ tmwayg=txufaeyl atmufoJylonf/
rH=ighu?kd ewywd=rylapEdik yf g/ tmwyg=tuREyfk \ f vufiif; ylyefí
aeaom ta&;udpö tyltavmifwdkYonfomvQif? rH= tuREkfyfudk?
wy,EÅ=d raeomatmif vGepf mG ylyefMuapuke\ f / [d=xdpk um;rSepf ?G
tw¬m=tuREfkyf\ tusdK;pD;yGg;wdkYonf? 0d0d"m=tvGefwpf&m
rsm;vSygukef\/ aw=xdktuREkfyf\ tusdK;pD;yGg;wdkYonfomvQif?
wyEÅd=ylavmifapukefyg\/ tmwyg=aeyloJylwdkYonf? e wyEÅd=
rylapEdkifukef/
t"dyÜg,fum; ]vlwdkYocif eef;BuD;&Sif ,ckaEGtcgumvü
ylaomaeylEiS hf oJuEÅm&tyluav;rsm;onf tuREykf u f kd rylEikd yf g/
xdxk ufyif jyif;xefpmG ylavmifvsuaf eaom uREykf \ f ud, k af &;udpö
wdoYk nfomvQif xufjrufpmG ylyefMuygukeo f nf/ ,cktcg uREykf üf
vufiif;ta&;Bu;D íaeaom pD;yGm;a&;rsm;onf tvGew f pf&mrsm;
vSygonf/ xdkpD;yGm;a&;wdkYuomvQif aeyloJylrsm;xuf ylyefvSyg
onfygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;av\/
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axmufí jyKvkyfzG,fudpörsm;onf aeylponfwdkYxuf omvGefí
ylyefapEdkifaMumif;udk odom&ayonf/ xdkodkYavQmufxm;aom
pum;udk jynfh&Sifrif;BuD; Mum;awmfrlavvQif xdkol\udpöonf
vGefpGmBuD;rm;onfrSm rkcs[kwfvdrfhrnf[k awG;awmawmfrljyD;rS
]oif\vufiif;ylyefíaeaom pD;yGm;a&;udprö sm;udk ightm; ajymMum;
yg}[k rdeaYf wmfral v\/ a&onfa,musmf ;u ]t&Sib f &k m;? uREykf \ f
pD;yGm;a&;udpBö u;D rsm;qdo
k nfrmS tjcm;r[kwyf g/ ,cktcg wpfjrKd Uvk;H
tkef;tkef;uRwfuRwf pnfpnfum;um; aysmfyg;zG,f&mjzpfaom
0domcgeu©wfobifBuD; jzpfaeaMumif;udk t&Sifjrwfvnf; od
awmfrlvdrfhrnf? xdk0domcgeu©wfobiftcgBuD;rSm uREkfyfwdkY
ZeD;cifyeG ;f ESpaf ,muf vufcsi;f wGí J aysmyf 0JG ifMu&ef ta&;udpBö u;D
jzpfay:íaeygonf/ xdkodkY eu©wfobifyGJodkY oGm;aomtcg okH;
pG&J ef uREyfk jf rK§ yEf í
HS xm;aom bPfwu kd Bf u;D zGi&hf ef ,ck uREykf o f mG ;qJ
udpöBuD;rsm;jzpfygonf}[k avQmufxm;av\/
xdt k cg bk&ifrif;jrwfu xdak &onfa,musmf ;\ Bu;D us,f
aom pum;udk Mum;odawmfrlvQif vGefpGmrsm;jym;aom b@m
&wemwdjYk zifjh ynfah om bPfwu kd Bf u;D jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ xdo k jYkd zpfvQif
iguyif ppfonfAv kd yf grsm;udk tultyHah pvTwf wl;azmfí ay;awmf
rlt[ hH í
l MupH nfawmfrí l arjref;awmfro l nfrmS ]tcsi;f a,musmf ;?
toif\ bPfwdkufBuD;qdkonfrSm b,fae&mXmeü wnf&Sdyg
oenf;? b,frQavmufaom a&TaiG&wemwdjYk zifh jynfv h QyH akd rmufí
pdefausmufbPfwdkufBuD;jzpfygoenf;} [lí ar;awmfrlav&m
]t&Sifbk&m;? uREfkyf\bPfwdkufBuD;onf þjrdKUawmf\ ajrmuf
rsufESm jrdKU½dk;BuD;ESifhwpfpyfwnf; wnfvsuf&Sdygonf/ uREkfyfonf
ESpfaygif;ESpfq,fausmf okH;q,feD;eD; a&a&mif;ukrÜPDBuD;zGifhí
vkyfudkif&mrS ydkrdkaom b@mpkrSm wpfyJ0ufac: ydkufqHESpfjym;
jzpfygonf}[lí avQmufxm;av\/
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aomif;aomif;uRufuRuf &,f&TifMujyD;vQif oem;Muifemjcif;
&Sad wmfral om bk&ifrif;jrwfu ]tcsi;f a,musmf ;? þydu k q f EH pS jf ym;
twGuEf iS hf tyltjyif; qif;&Jcí H roGm;avESi?hf iguyif ay;awmfrl
vdkufrnf} [k rdefYawmfrlav&m rdrdOpömtwGufESifh tmom rjzwf
Edkifaom a&onfa,musfm;u ]t&Sifbk&m;? t&Sifay;oem;awmf
rlaom ydkufqHESpfjym;udk ,lygrnf? jiif;y,fvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg?
odkY&mwGif uREfkyf\ ydkufqHESpfjym;udkvnf; oGm;í,lyg&ap}[k
avQmufwif\/
xdkodkYavQmufwifvQif ]roGm;avvifh? wpfyg;aom b@m
udk igay;awmfrlrnf} ponfjzifh rdefYawmfrlygaomfvnf; ]t&Sifay;
orQuv kd nf; ,lygrnf? uREykf \ f ydu k q
f EH pS jf ym;udv k nf; ,lygOD;rnf}
[líom txyfxyf wifavQmufav\/ xdkodkYwpfqifh xuf
wpf q if h w uf í ay;oem;awmf r l & m wd k i f ; awmf j ynf a wmf u d k
wpf0ufcGJí rif;jyKbufjzpfaom tdrfa&SUOy&mZm\ pnf;pdrfawmf
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wdik rf yS if rdryd u
kd q
f EH pS jf ym;udk vdck si&f ufom;ESiv hf Qif tEdik Ef ikd w
f if;wdrf
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a,mufsm;onf tdrfa&SUrif;\pnf;pdrfudk &av\/ a&onfronf
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jzpfav\/
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axmifwmAdkvfxkESifh xdkajrmufjrdK;½dk;Mum;ü odkxm;aom ydkufqH
ESpjf ym;udk oGm;a&mufxw k ,
f al v\/ xdaYk emuf bk&ifrif;jrwfBu;D ESihf
twlwuG O,smOfawmfodkY xGufMuav&m xdkt¹rmou tdrfa&SU
rif;\ aygifay:wGif rif;BuD;OD;acgif;xm;í pufawmfac:av\/
xdt
k cg a&mifw h ufavmfrmaomwPSm\ ESKd ;aqmfcikd ;f aprIaMumifh
wdkif;jynfBuD; wpfckvkH;udk vdkcsifvSojzifh a&onftjzpfu tdrf
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bk&ifrif;jrwfBu;D udyk if taoowf&ef MupH nfjypfrmS ;vsuf ok;H Murd f
wdkifwdkif oefvsufjzifh csdef&G,frdav\/
odkY&mwGif bk&m;avmif;jzpfonfhtwGuf owdynm&Sdol
jzpfaomaMumifh rowfjzwfbJ oefvsufudk ½kyfodrf;Edkifavonf/
oefvsufudk½kyfodrf;csxm;í rif;BuD;udkxapí ajcü0yfvsuf
]t&Sifrif;jrwf? tuREfkyf\tjypfudk onf;cHawmfrlyg} [k½dkaopGm
awmif;yefavQmufav\/ rif;BuD;vnf; ]igüMuL;vGeftyfaom
oiftdrfa&SUrif;\tjypf wpfpkHwpf&mwdkYonf r&Sdacs? xdkodkYtjypf
r&Sb
d v
J suf tb,fukd igonf;cHtehH nf;}[k qdak vaomf rdrvd eG Mf uL;
rdorQ MuHpnfrdorQwdkYudk avQmufxm;av\/ xdktcg rif;BuD;
uvnf; ]tdk--taqG? tb,faMumifh ighudkowf&tHhenf;? þxD;
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tdrfa&SUrif;jzpftHh} [k qdkavvQif? t¹rmourif;onf ]t&Sifrif;
jrwf ay;oem;awmfral om tdraf &SUrif;\ tjzpfuv kd nf; tuREykf f
tvdkr&Sdawmhyg? tuREfkyfonf umr\tjypfudk aumif;pGm jrifjyD
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tjypfpum;udk azmfjya[mMum;vsuf O'gef;usL;av\/
t'óH umr aw rlvH?
ouFyÜg umr Zm,od/
e wH ouFyÜ,dómrd?
{0H umr ea[[dod/ /
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usatmif rkcsMuHx [,fumr/ aw=oifumr\/ rlvH=t&if;
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Yk m; w&m;
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t¹rmou Zmwf[í l ac:\/ **FrmvZmwf[í l vnf; ac:onf/
þZmwfawmfudkaxmufí Amvkókuúwnf;[laom A[d'¨
tyl"mwfwdkY\ ESdyfpufxdk;usifhyHk? xdk Amvkókuúrsm;onf aeyl
oJylwdkYru ylyefapEdkifaMumif;udk odom&ayonf/ xdkYjyif wPSm
w&m;onf ajrm§ ufyifrh nfo h &l v
dS Qif a&mifw
h ufcsiw
f ikd ;f a&mifw
h uf
avmfrmyHrk sm;udv
k nf; þZmwfawmfjzifh xif&mS ;pGm odomvSonf/
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