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Estudio de Coordinación de Protecciones Diesel y Red Eléctrica PDF
Estudio de Coordinación de Protecciones Diesel y Red Eléctrica PDF
Abstract - Overcurrent protection of electrical systems in Oil on-site generation, as the system of own generation, the
& Gas industry is a priority for the security of the system; power can flow in both directions, which produces changes in
electrical failures involve great economic losses. The electrical the operative conditions of the system. Those changes are
protections are configured according to studies performed reflected in the loss of coordination and malfunction of the
under the premise of a radial system. Problems in setting and
power system overcurrent protection [2].
coordination of those protections arise, when various power
Because traditional schemes of protection are fixed
sources are connected to supply the demand. In this paper the
schemes, they cannot react and protect the power system
authors present a methodology that utilizes digital protective
relays to solve the lack of coordination in overcurrent protection under changes in the operating characteristics, product of the
when the supply grid and on-site generation are used in the swap between power grid and on-site generation, even more,
oilfield electric distribution system. Using ETAP®, an those schemes do not consider the protection of the power
overcurrent protection study was performed on an oilfield system when both power sources are working together.
electric system. As a result, an adaptive overcurrent protection This paper presents a methodology for overcurrent
scheme was elaborated and proved to fulfill the requirements of
protection in an oil field distribution system, in which
electrical protection without regard the power source to which
electricity is obtained from the grid and from on-site
the oilfield is connected.
generation, inducing then three states of operation:
The Oil & Gas industry is usually divided into three major The adaptive overcurrent protection scheme was elaborated
sectors: upstream, midstream and downstream, these and proposed for implementation, supported in the
activities depend to a large extent, on the electrical power advantageous features of digital protective relays.
systems and their reliability and security. Those power The paper is structured as folIows. The case study is
systems have to ensure the operation of the industrial described in section 11. The coordination problem found in
facilities even under failure conditions caused by overcurrent. the case study and the methodology for solving it, are
The oil and gas industry has to face great economic impacts, presented in section III and IV respectively. The result of
when power systems are not correctly protected against applying the methodology is presented in section V. Finally
electric failures. When an electrical failure affects any point in section VI the conc1usion of the study.
00-1.1'. sl4lP1yarid
ISO M'I.uc
2,5 Y Z,s y 2,5 Y 2,5 MW Y
��
MCC!I-i) MCClI-B) HCC8-9) HC�""el�)
Gl/f-fBOv.c 1 1 1 0
1 00 ft
I)
L
MCCB-'
TX-l TX-'
6'6 6� 7 ""
�,:�4,16 kv 34.5/4,16 )r.v
6,7S Z 7 ,.
52-4 52-5
Open N.O.
BM1-116Dvao --1-------:-:---,---::-:-+-
---::-:-.-
52-0 52-1 52-2 52-)
JJO ft
n:7Ii�48
820 ft 820 ft 820 ft
T
6� 'V
5,75 '!Z
"'CB-5 )
l ""fc:-�, � : _� �
HCC-'9OVo.
",es-O
l)
c . ' )
I) 500
I
:CB_' )
I I
SOO SOO 500 ::B-4 ) SOO ft �ioo HP
M2
2000 HP
Hl
2000 HP
"dtex Ifit1n lnjecUon PtltpM
..
TABLE I.
SYMMETRICAL THREE-PHASE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS OF THE SYSTEM. 2-6
50,,"
Momentary Duty (1/2 cycle)
On-site Generation Power grid Parallel
Device ID (kA rms) (kA rms) (kA rms)
Gen-480 Vac 68,7 0 111,8
SWG-4160 Vac 6,1 14,4 15,3
Primary TX-2 0 2,5 2,8
Primary TX-3 5,5 8,9 10,1 52-5
0,,"
MCC-480Vac 18,0 22,4 24,1
Load BI 6,9 7,5 7,8 52-1 52-2 52-3
Load B2 6,9 7,5 7,8
Load B3 6,9 7,5 7,8
Auxiliary Services 0,7 0,7 0,7
Load MI 4,5 7,1 8,8
Load M2 4,5 7,1 8,8
TX-J
1,5 MVA
-�-I
-'1 -'�' , �,�'�' .�" �'.::�'
a) Scenario 1; Connection to On-site generation (base "
case) and sie at the MCC-480Vac bus
... :- ...:�,:� .:.": "
The sequence in Fig. 3 presents an appropriate
Auxiliary SystelDS '" ":.... ":.... '"
coordination of the overcurrent scheme for the case base. As 10 'VA
!la HP !lo HP !la HP
!la HP
an example, when a short circuit failure occurs at the MCC- Injection Boo.ter PtIIp.
B4
",,,,tu
Stand by
This scenario presents the result of using the base case's -:r;' 1,5 MVA
I I I I 'l,Jl.ll410
system is connected to both power sources (parallel state). I1<c-48OV"
",,,-a HZ M3
The operation sequence for this case is presented in Fig. 4. "'''-' ) 2 03<:,,,,, "",:a
Basically the introduction of another power source to the
;:j:tion ..:."rx: HP
480Vac bus, the MCCB-5 was not the flfSt but the third Fig. 4. Scenario 2; Performance of the base case's overcurrent protection
device to operate, being R5 the flfSt relay in opening the scheme when a failure occurs at the MCC-480VAc bus and the oilfield is
breaker 5 2-5. connected to both power sources.
This lack of coordination bring as a consequence: This lack of coordination exposes that the base case's
1. The failure is not c1eared by the primary protection protection scheme does not provide selectivity when the
at the point where it occurs. power grid is connected to the system. This serious error
2. A zone of the power system without failure is produces an interruption in the operation of the oil field
isolated from the system. because the activation of R5 is isolating the grid and cutting
off the power supply to the water main injection pumps.
For this scenario when the only power source is the supply
grid, the operation sequence shows the same problem of
non-selectivity presented in the second scenario. When the
6
Rating and setting of protective relays tor
each n-state of operation, and coordination
simulation of short circuit is run, the first protection in study following the procedure in
operating is the relay R5 at the secondary side of TX-2; it IEEE Standard 242-2001, eh 15. , 15.7
appropriate for each state of operation. system using the software adjustments
provided by the relays (if necessary)
The solution to the problem of overcurrent protection that ca" be programmed in the
digital relay.
4000
appropriate overcurrent protection schemes for each
RELAYID ANS/SO ANS/51 ANS/SO ANS/51 ANS/SO ANS/51
operation state of the power system. Then those schemes are Ipickup(A) Ipickup(A) Time Dial Ipickup(A) Ipickup(A) Time Dial Ipickup(A) Ipickup(A) Time Dial
RO 146 0,51 6!XXJ 146 0,84 6!XXJ 146 0,97
programmed into the digital relays which in operation
Rl 4800 280 0,19 7200 280 0,19 8800 280 0,01
activate the adequate protective scheme, depending on the R2 4800 280 0,19 7200 280 0,19 8800 280 0,01
R3 4800 208 0,19 7200 280 0,19 8800 280 0,01
operation state of the power system.
R4 500 0,18 OFF OFF 265 0,97
R5 OFF OFF 800 0,2 1260 6
R6 OFF OFF OFF 2550 105 0,21 1600 161 6,48
V. RESULTS VALIDATION
The hlghllghted boxes show the relays settings that change accordlng to the state of operation In companson wlth the base case
Applying
overcurrent
the
protection
methodology
sm·416OViJo -F..:.:...------,..---!.f''-''----,.-
As an example, the failure presented in the second scenario 52-1 52-2 52-3
VI. CONCLUSION
Due to the utilization of various power supplies, different Esteban Bravo A. graduated in Electric and Electronic Engineering from
Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia, in 2012. His research interests
operation states of the oilfield distribution system need to be
include overcurrent protection, and microprocessor-based relays. (email:
considered when making a coordination of overcurrent relays. e-brac@ieee.org)
In each operation state the magnitude and the direction of the
currents utilized to coordinate the overcurrent relays change, Esperanza S. Torres received the BSc. and MSc. degrees in Electrical
Engineering from the Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia, in 2004, and
and consequently it is necessary to coordinate the overcurrent
2006, respectively, with a Management Minor, and BSc degree in Electronic
relays for each operation state. If it is not considered, Engineering in 2005.
problems in coordination and selectivity of the overcurrent She is currently a Part-Time Lecturer in the Department of Electrical and
relays affect the operation at the oilfield when electrical Electronic Engineering at Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia. She teaches
classes in Electric Power System Protection, and Electric Distribution
failures occur.
Systems.
The proposed methodology in this paper presents a simple She is involved as a Facilities Engineer in the oil and gas industry.
and effective solution for coordinating overcurrent relays in (email: estorres@ieee.org)
power systems such as the case study. Thanks to the
Gustavo A. Ramos L. (M'04) received a degree in electrical engineer
capability of digital relays to be programmed with different
(1997) from Universidad Nacional, Manizales, Colombia and M.Sc. (1999)
overcurrent protection settings groups, the coordination of and PhD (2008) in electrical engineering from Universidad de Los Andes,
overcurrent relays can be guaranteed for each operation state Colombia. Currently, he is Assistant Professor at the Department of
at the oilfield. The methodology used to coordinate Electrical Engineering at School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes,
Colombia. His research interests: Industrial electrical systems, power
overcurrent relays covered a specific part of an oilfield, but it
electronics and power Quality. (email: gramos@uniandes.edu.co )
can be extended to the entire oilfield's power system.
Finally, the methodology presented in this paper improves
the security and reliability of the oilfield's power system; it
allows technical efficiency in operation and diminishes the
probability of economic losses. Based upon results obtained
from the case study, it is recommended to apply the
methodology presented here when coordinating overcurrent
relays in electric distribution systems with on-site generation.