Racism is the belief that one race, ethnicity or certain physical

characteristics are superior to others.

Racism can manifest itself both at the individual level and at the
institutional level, through policies such as slavery, the holocaust, among
others.
Although racism is associated with prejudice against blacks, it can
manifest itself against any race or ethnicity, whether Asian, indigenous,
etc.

Individual racism is expressed in individual discriminatory attitudes,

through stereotypes, insults and rejection of a person who does not have
the same ethnic characteristics as yours.

Institutional racism is that exercised by institutions, such as the State, the

Church, private and public companies, in which certain ethnic groups,
such as blacks or Indians, are marginalized and rejected, either directly or
indirectly.
One of the greatest examples was apartheid in South Africa, when blacks
were prohibited from going to the same places as whites. Likewise, in the
United States, there were laws of this type, which prevented blacks from
studying in the same schools as whites, for example.

Cultural racism results in the belief that there is superiority among existing
cultures, in the broad sense that "culture" encompasses, religion,
customs, languages, among others.
Cultural racism has been used as a justification for colonizing and
dominating territories since antiquity. In modern times, this type of racism
can include elements of institutional and individual racism.

Some racist movements around the world today are the neo-Nazis and
skinheads. These groups harass, beat and kill people considered to be
different, whether by race, color, culture or even sexual, religious
preferences, etc.

It is important to clarify that racism takes place within a specific historical

context. Thus, not every insult - although it is always a condemnable
attitude - will be considered racist. The reason is that, in the modern and
contemporary world, whites were not subjugated, nor treated as slaves.
Likewise, they are not treated differently in a systematic way in
environments such as advertising, colleges, and workplaces in general.

In conclusion, racism can lead to isolation, sadness, depression, physical

and psychological violence on the part of those who attack, and growing
anger on both sides.