THE MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATION

I. Questions for Assignments and Discussion

1. Discuss and explain the different levels of management.

➢ There are three levels of management: Top level, Middle level and Lower level.
o Top level refers to the owners or stakeholders in big companies who may compose the
Board of Directors, the Chief operating officer, the Company President, or the General
Manager in smaller organization.
o Middle level refers to the one who is directly in-charge with the operation of the line
departments or divisions. The responsibility and authority are subordinates to the top
level.
o Lower level refers to the operative level who are directly in contact with operating
employees. They are the front Line managers who directly deliver the productive output
of the organization.

2. Give the functions at the different levels of managements.

➢ The functions at the different levels of managements are the following
Top Management
- mainly concentrated in the
conceptual role of
developing strategic plans
and programs of the
organization
- Prepare strategic plans and
programs for the
enterprise.
- Lay down policies and
strategies to accomplish
goals and objectives.
- Prepare targets and
budgets to carry out
strategies.
- Appoint people to carry out
the program activities.
- Develop control measures
to ascertain performance.
- Develop linkages with the
different business
environments.
- Responsible to Board of
Directors in the case of
corporations.
Middle Management
- carry out the operation of
the business under the
direction and control of the
Top Management
- Prepare operational plans
and programs in their levels
of accountability and
responsibility.
- Supervise and coordinate
the accomplishments of
programmed activities.
- Ascertain that policies and
objectives are properly
disseminated, explained,
and interpreted to the lower
levels.
- Motivate employees in the
accomplishment of
assigned task.
- Evaluate performance of
subordinates according to
specific guidelines.
- Prepare periodic reports as
required by management.
Lower Management
- refers to the supervisory
level of junior executives
whose functions are
directly related to the
immediate operational
activities of the enterprise
- Assignment of specific
tasks and work to line
workers.
- Supervise and control the
quality of performance and
output.
- Communicate and
coordinate to the second
level of management the
operational problems and
the appropriate
recommendations.
- Maintain good relations
with workers and motivate
them to excel in work
performance through
training and group
interventions.
- Attend to employee needs
and grievances and make
recommendations to
management for immediate
solutions.

3. Explain briefly the different management principles.

 ➢ The principles of management are the activities that plan, organize, and control the operations
of the basic elements of people, materials, machines, methods, money and markets, providing
direction and coordination, and giving leadership to human efforts, so as to achieve the sought
objectives of the enterprise.
➢ That is why management should have a working knowledge of the basic theories and principles
of management. The following are the different principles:
o Division of work- segregating work in the workforce among the worker will enhance the
quality of the product. It improves the productivity, efficiency, accuracy, and speed of the
workers.
o Authority and Responsibility- Authority facilitates the management to work efficiently
and responsibility makes them responsible for the work done under their guidance or
leadership.
o Discipline- Without discipline, nothing can be accomplished. It is the core value for any
project or any management. Good performance and sensible interrelation make the
management job easy and comprehensive.
o Unity of Command-This means an employee should have only one boss and follow his
command. If an employee has to follow more than one boss, there begins a conflict of
interest and can create confusion.
o Unity of Direction-Whoever is engaged in the same activity should have a unified goal. This
means all the person working in a company should have one goal and motive which will
make the work easier and achieve the set goal easily.
o Subordination of Individual Interest-This indicates a company should work unitedly
towards the interest of a company rather than personal interest. Be subordinate to the
purposes of an organization. This refers to the whole chain of command in a company.
o Remuneration-This plays an important role in motivating the workers of a company.
Remuneration can be monetary or non-monetary, however, it should be according to an
individual’s efforts they have made.
o Centralization-In any company, the management or any authority responsible for the
decision-making process should be neutral. However, this depends on the size of an
organization. There should be a balance between the hierarchy and division of power.
o Order- A company should maintain a well-defined work order to have a favorable work
culture. The positive atmosphere in the workplace will boost more positive productivity.
o Equity- All the employees should be treated equally and respectfully. It’s the responsibility of
a manager that no employees face discrimination.
o Stability- An employee delivers the best if they feel secure in their job. It is the duty of the
management to offer job security to their employees.
o Initiative-The management should support and encourage the employees to take initiatives
in an organization. It will help them to increase their interest and make then worth.
o Esprit de Corps- It is the responsibility of the management to regularly motivate their
employees and be supportive of each other. Developing trust and mutual understanding will
lead to a positive outcome and work environment.

4. Discuss the skills that managers must possess.

The following are the three most important skills of Managers:
• Technical Skills- it refers to the knowledge of manager and his proficiency in solving process
problems.
• The Human Skills – These are the abilities of the manager to interact effectively with people. It
refers to his capacity to build strong teamwork.
• The Conceptual Skills – It deals more on the long range and strategic planning activities of top
management. It deal with ideas, vision and program of long-range development.
 5. How can you be an effective manager of organization?
➢ Managers to be effective must have varied skills in handling operational and human problems
including skills in planning and decision making.
➢ To become an effective manager of an organization, he must have the following skills:
o Technical skills
o The Human Skills
o The Conceptual Skills
o Communication Skills – it refer to the ability of the manager to communicate effectively
orally and in writing. He must be able to make logical presentation of his ideas. He must
listen carefully and make empirical analysis before making comments.
o Decision-Making Skills – it pertains to accurate response to problems through careful
analysis. The manager applies problem solving approach by looking the situation
critically. Manager should not panic in making crucial decision or facing crisis.
o Computer Skills – A manager with technical knowledge in computer operations has
greater advantage because technology changes so rapidly and it is often difficult to keep
up with the changes. Most business and other organizations use computers and other
advance technology that manager has to adapt to this changes in the work environment.
o Time Management skills – time must be managed effectively due to the various task of
the managerial position. This requires allocation of time to different projects and
activities.
➢ Aside for that skills a manager should show trust in their employees, set a good example and
protect the team.

II. Write T if statement is correct and O if statement is False.

1 T 6 T
2 O 7 O
3 T 8 T
4 O 9 O
5 O 10 T

III. Enumeration
A. Give at least 5 important functions of the top management.
1. Prepare strategic plans and programs for the enterprise.
2. Lay down policies and strategies to accomplish goals and objectives.
3. Prepare targets and budgets to carry out strategies.
4. Appoint people to carry out the program activities.
5. Develop control measures to ascertain performance.
6. Develop linkages with the different business environments.
7. Responsible to Board of Directors in the case of corporations.

B. Give at least 5 responsibilities of junior managers or supervisors.

1. Managing workflow.
2. Training new hires.
3. Creating and managing team schedules.
4. Reporting to HR and senior management.
5. Evaluating performance and providing feedback.
6. Identifying and applying career advancement opportunities.
7. Helping to resolve employee issues and disputes.
IV. Write the letter of the correct answer

1 A 6 D
2 B 7 C
3 A 8 A
4 C 9 D
5 B 10 B