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ARTIFICIAL INT (AI) AND ITS FUTURE

PROSPECTS IN PAKISTAN AND PAK ARMY

1. Intro. AI is a software that observes and learns from human

data in order to mimic human behavior / responses. AI refers to the
progms replacing a human job completely through patterns based
& recognition-based learning. It is a critical part of modern warfare
which is capable of Inherent decision making and provides efficient
self-con and self-actuation. It has put huge impact on mil tasks and
planning. Mil realm have created more expectations and concerns
on legal ethical ops and strategic planning.

2. Aim. To discuss of AI, it’s various lvls of dev and give future
prospects for Pakistan Army.
3. Defs of AI
a. ““A branch of cptr science dealing with the simulation of
intelligent behavior in cptrs or the cap of a machine to
imitate intelligent human behavior”
Merriam Webster Dictionary

b. “The ability of a digital cptr or cptr-controlled robot to

perform tasks commonly associated with int beings. The
term is frequently applied to the proj of dev sys
endowed with the intellectual processes chars of
humans, such as the ability to reason, discover
meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience”
Encyclopedia Britannica

4. Lvls/ Types Of AI
a. Artificial Narrow Int (ANI). At this level, computing
systems are given access to info repositories and are
trained to perform specific tasks involving data collection
and analysis on their own, taking over the tedious calcs
and relieving their human counterparts to do complex
tasks that involve a high degree of abstraction.

b. Artificial Gen Int (AGI). The second lvl of the revolution

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for achieving human int in machines is called AGI. AGI
intends to enhance the learning ability of algorithms to
accomplish a large number of tasks that are basic in
nature, but part of the overall human int.

c. Artificial Super Int (ASI). The third and final destination

of AI revolution is named as ASI. It is the point at which
machine int exceeds human int both qualitatively and
quantitatively.

5. Types Of AI
a. Reactive Machines. This type of AI incl machines that
operate solely based on present data, taking into account
only the current sit. Reactive machines can’t form
inferences from data to evaluate their future actions.

b. Ltd Memory. Like the name suggests Ltd Memory AI,

can make informed and improved decisions by studying
the past data from its memory. Such an AI has short lived
or temporary memory that can be used to store past
experiences and hence evaluate future actions. Self-
driving cars is the example of this type.

c. Theory of Mind. The Theory of mind is a more adv type

of AI. This category of machines is speculated to play a
major role in psychology. This tpe of AI will focus mainly
on emotional int so that human believes and thoughts can
be better comprehended.

6. Appls of AI
a. Online Ad Industry. AI has become so successful in
determining our interests and serving user ads of their
interest.
b. Navigation and Travel. Navigation svcs are all using AI

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with interpretation of real time traffic data.
c. Banking and fin apps on mobile phones for customer
service and fraud protection.
d. Security and surv for object recognition and facial
recognition.
e. Smartphone is the most indispensable tech product
interacting with AI.
f. Semi-automatic dream cars by Tesla Motors.
g. Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram etc.
h. Music and media industry.
i. Video game industry is one of the earliest adoption of AI.

7. Threats and Risks. AI augments human int resulting a

constant fear of machines taking over the humans. AI in wrong
hands can create havoc and may lead to mass destr
a. High Cost
b. Not Replicating Humans
c. No own Creativity
d. Resultant Un-emp

8. Mil uses of AI and Their Employment In Contemporary

Armies

a. Mil Appls
(1) Suvr
(2) Threat Evaluation
(3) Cyber Security
(4) Comd & Con
(5) Recce
(6) Mine Warfare
(7) Int

b. Weaponization of AI. The reality today is that artificial

intelligence is leading us toward a new algorithmic warfare
battlefield that has no boundaries or borders, may or may
not have humans involved, and will be impossible to
understand and perhaps control across the human
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ecosystem in cyberspace, geospace, and space (CGS).
As a result, the very idea of the weaponization of artificial
intelligence, where a weapon system that, once activated
across CGS, can select and engage human and non-
human targets without further intervention by a human
designer or operator, is causing great fear. The thought of
an intelligent machine or machine intelligence to have the
ability to perform any projected warfare task without any
human involvement and intervention -- using only the
interaction of its embedded sensors, computer
programming, and algorithms in the human environment
and ecosystem is becoming a reality that cannot be
ignored anymore.

c. Autonomous Wpn Sys

(1) Autonomous wpns systems are lethal devices that

have been empowered by their human creators to svy
their surroundings, iden potential enemy tgts and
independently choose to attk those tgts on the basis
of sophisticated algorithms. Such sys req the
integration of several core elements: a mobile cbt
platform, such as a drone aircraft, ship or ground
vehicle; sensors of various types to scrutinize the
platform’s surroundings; processing systems to
classify objs discovered by the sensors; and
algorithms directing the platform to initiate attk when
an allowable tgt is detected. The U.S. Dep of Def
describes an autonomous wpn system as a wpns
system that, once activated, can select and engage
tgts without further intervention by a human operator.

(2) Few weapons in active svc presently exhibit all of

these chars. Many militaries employ close in naval
def wpns such as the U.S. Phalanx gun sys that can
fire autonomously when a ship is under attk by en
planes or mssls. Yet, such sys cannot independently

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search for and strike enemy assets on their own, and
human operators are always present to assume con if
needed. Many air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles are
able to attk human-selected tgts, such as planes or
tks, but cannot hover or loiter to iden potential threats.
One of the few sys to possess this cap is Israel’s
Harpy airborne anti-radiation drone, which can loiter
for several hrs over a certain area to search for and
destroy enemy radars

(3) Examples. Fol are the few examples of wpn sys.

(a) X-47 B drone (Autonomous aerial refueling)
(b) Proj Maven (Incorporated AI in int, surv and
recce appl)
(c) Sea Hunter (Anti-submarine veh)
(d) Swarm Drones

d. Utilization of AI in Warfare. AI can possibly be integrated

in fol domains:-
(1) Drones / quadcopters – B fd transparency, surv, tgt
acquisition & engagement
(2) GPS - Digital mapping, ease of nav in all terrains
(3) Motion detector sensor – seizing initiative, E wng of
tgt mov, monitoring AOR
(4) Electronic jamming – seizing hostile digital/ elec
activities, interfering comm and making on own
comm safe by digital encryption and freq hopping
(5) Social media for profiling of the population

9. Sit of AI in Pakistan. Progress on AI in Pakistan, is very

bleak. Govt is plans to invest $3.3 million over three years. For
the first time in the history of Pakistan, the government is taking
interest in quality and revolutionizing tech education and cutting
edge technologies. At this time, to be able to full participate in the
4th Industrial Revolution (IR) of the world, the government is trying
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to develop quality human resources who can actively participated
in the 4th IR and boost development of Pakistan. There was a
launching ceremony of PIAIC (President’s Initiative for Artificial Int
& Cloud Computing) at Global Marquees banquet in Karachi on
9th Dec, 2018. Under the supervision of the President of Islamic
Republic of Pakistan Dr. Arif Alvi, President of Pakistan. PIAIC is
about to include Augmented Reality, UI/UX designer, Mobile
development, Design Thinking and Entrepreneurship and many
more in pipeline. PIAIC is about to announce the course Quantum
Computing.

10. Sit in Pak Army. Currently Pak Army is using AI in the fd of

Sml based trg which incl:
a. Anti-Tk Wpn Firing
b. Small Arms Firing
c. Comm Sml
d. Msl aiming / firing
e. Mine Sml
f. Tk Gunnery
g. AD Gun Firing
h. Flight Smls

11. Future Prospects of AI in Pak Army

a. Prediction of events
(a) Forecasting of Suicidal/ IED attack
(b) Military transport accidents
(c) Weather patterns & changes
(d) Detection of social media trends

b. Int Analysis
(a) Int image tagging
(b) Tgt recognition in UAV feeds
(c) Decision sp tools
(d) (C4I based sys)

c. Robotics
(a) Wpn delivery by using AI-driven drones

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(b) Depl of
(c) autonomous robots in battle fd

d. Guerilla Warfare
(a) Wpn delivery by using AI-driven drones
(b) Depl of
(c) autonomous robots in B fd

12. Concl. Artificial int is a science and tech based on

disciplines such as Computer science, biology, psychology,
Mathematics & Engineering. A maj thrust in AI is in the dev of
computer functions associated with human int such as
reasoning, learning and problem solving. Out of these areas
one of multiple areas contribute to build an intelligent sys.AI
can be usefully utilized to integrate C4ISR caps and work
towards deeper fusion of sys across all domains of warfare.

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