BBA 39A

SUBMITTED BY: SAIQA BIBI

AREEJ CHOUDHRY
ADEENA KIRAN
ITBAH BATOOL
MARIYUM EJAZ
SHAHGUFA

SUBMITTED TO: MA’AM MADIHA IQBAL

COURCE NAME: PHILOSOPHY
PROGRAM: BBA (BACHOLRS OF BUSSINESS
ADMINISTRATION)
IIUI (INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD)

Era Of General Pervez Musharraf:

Pervez Musharraf is born 11 August 1943. He is a Pakistani politician and
retired four-star general of the Pakistan Army, who was the 10th President
of Pakistan from 2001-2008.
THE AGENDA points set by General Musharraf :
THE AGENDA General Musharraf set a long policy agenda for himself.
He announced his seven-point agenda.
• My dear countrymen, he stated on national television on October 17,
1999, our aims and objectives shall be:Rebuild national confidence and
morale.`Strengthen the federation, remove inter provincial disharmony
and restore national cohesion.
• Revive the economy and restore investor confidence.
• Ensure law and order and dispense speedy justice.
• Depoliticise state institutions.
• Devolution of power to the grass-roots level.
• Ensure swift and across the board accountability.
• He also promised eradication of Islamic extremism and sectarianism. In
subsequent statements, he pledged to undo General Zia`s radical
legacy by transforming Pakistan into a moderate Muslim state.
But General Musharraf`s policies were full of paradoxes.
Achievements of President Pervez Musharraf and his
Government:
Achievments Summary:
• Empowerment of people through devolution at grass roots level.
• Empowerment of Women at all tiers of government / legislature.
• Legislation against honour killings. Women Protection Bill.
• Empowerment of younger generation by reducing voter age from 21 to
18 years.
• Empowerment of economy through wide ranging economic reforms.
• Record allocations for science and technology, education and health
sectors. Emphasis on human resource development.
• Free, Fair, Transparent and Peaceful Elections
Economic Achievements:
• During his years in power, Pakistan pursued consistent and favourable
policies of liberalization, deregulation and privatization.
• Growth of large scale manufacturing which was 3.6% during 1999-00,
registered an average increase of 11.31 % per annum during the period
from 2000-07. Growth of this sector was highest in 2004-05 i.e. 19.9%.
• Exchange rate remained stable despite widening of trade and current
account deficits, clearly indicating strong inflows of external resources.
Foreign Exchange reserves have crossed US$ 16 billion mark
• and the increased reserves can now finance more than 31 weeks of
imports against only 10 weeks in 1998-99.And Per capita income had
increased from $ 526 (1999-00) to $925 (2006-07)
GDP:
• GDP growth which was 3.9% in 1999-00 grew at an average rate of 6%
per annum during the period from 2000-07.
• Total GDP which ranged between Rs 769.7 billion (1988-89) and Rs
2,938.4 billion (1998-99), registered an enormous growth during the last
8 years and ranged between Rs 3,826 billion (1999-00) and Rs 9,970
billion (2006-07).
FDI:
• Total FDI during 11 years from 1988-99 amounted to US$ 4.87 billion.
The same during the subsequent 8 years registered enormous growth
and amounted to US$ 13.195 billion.
Micro Credits and Loans:
• Micro credits to the tune of Rs 11.454 billion were extended to lower
strata of the society.
• Agricultural loans of the order of Rs 596.44 billion were extended to
farmers.
Stock Market:
• Growth of stock market ranged between (–) 44.7% (in 1997-98)
and 219.1% during 1988-99.
• As against market capitalization of Rs 334 billion on 12th
October, 1999, it was Rs 3,980 billion at the close of financial
year 2006-07.
Agriculture:
• In 1998-99 our country was importing key staples to meet domestic
requirements. In contrast, in FY07, country witnessed significant rise in
the productivity in almost all major crops.
• Agriculture credit market was quite shallow and gross disbursements
were only Rs 42.9 billion in 1998-99. Gross disbursements of agri-credit
rose to Rs 168 billion in 2006-07.
Education Sector:
• 81 new universities including Degree Awarding Institutions (DAI) and
14,117 schools/colleges were opened.
• 1,267,519 stipends to the needy students. AND 47,546,520 students
were provided books free of cost.
• 127,623 missing facilities were provided in educational institutions.
Health Sector:
• During 1998-1999 total health expenditure was Rs 25 billion which had
increased to Rs 50 billion.
• There had been an increase of about 20,000 registered doctors, around
3,000 registered dentists, about 15,000 nurses, and 56,000 lady health
workers. The quantity, quality and distribution of this workforce were
being improved.
• During 2000-2008 health indicators had shown gradual improvement.
• Legislation to regulate Tissues and Organ Transplantation has been
carried out and Urban Health Initiative
Employment opportunities:
• During 1999-07, as many as 110,086 teachers, 65,231 Lady Health
Visitors and 78,024 personnel in Police Department were appointed.
• 1,187,432 job opportunities were created in the Telecom Sector and
126,742 in Local Government Departments.
• 6.6 million Job opportunities were created in Punjab in new
business/industries and165,609 jobs were provided in various
departments in the provinces.
Women Empowerment:
• National Policy for Development and Empowerment of Women was
announced on 7th March, 2002.
• Reservation of 20% women’s seats in the National Assembly (There
were 72 women Members of the National Assembly against 60 reserved
seats).
• Reservation of 18% seats for women in the Senate (There were 17
women Members of the Senate).
And he achieves many other things.like establishment of Dams,
relationship with other countries (China, India Afghanistan), Poverty
Alleviation, New Roads Constructed, Economic Growth,Investment,Low
inflation etc.
Analysis Of Musharraf's Mistakes:
1. Pervez Musharraf’s spirited defence of his policies in his last address to
the nation as president did not alter the fact that he represented yet
another failure of a military ruler to create viable civilian institutions and
processes.
2. Counter-terrorism was the most publicised feature of Musharraf ’s
government but elements in official civilian and army circles continued to
sympathise with, if not support, the Taliban and other militants.
3. The fruits of foreign economic assistance did not reach the common
people and the gap increased between the rich and the poor. The
government fabricated data on economic development to show that
Pakistan would soon become an economic miracle. Had there been
genuine economic development Pakistan would not have faced the
current economic crisis so soon after the collapse of the Musharraf
system.
4. Similarly, economic development also suffered from duality. The
government publicised its economic strides and down-played the
contribution of foreign economic assistance since September 2001,
arguing that the key to economic strides was the inherent strength of the
economy under Musharraf.
5. Musharraf vowed to reduce inter-provincial tension but his effort to force
development projects on Balochistan without taking into account the
 concerns of Baloch leaders increased political tension in Balochistan.
6. His centralised governance was also marked by duality of policy.This
duality reflected in all major policies, including counter-terrorism,
treatment of the smaller provinces andeconomic development.
7. Musharraf strengthened his rule by inducting a large number of serving
and retired military (mainly army) officers to key posts in government
departments and semi-government institutions. He inducted more army
officers to civilian institutions than any previous military ruler.
8. Musharraf created an authoritarian and centralised political order that
was based on the military principle of centrality of command and
concentration of power in the presidency.
CAMPARISON OF MUSHARAAF ERA WITH;
• NAWAZ SHARIF'S GOVERNMENT:
PML-N government is playing a very vital role and a number of projects are
streamlined by it. The confidence of foreign investors has been restored
and Pakistan is using its potentials in a beneficial way and is emerging as
the center of attention in the world due to CPEC.Nawaz’s government
gladly seems to be on the track, achieving successes. Improved tax
collection, reduced fiscal debt and inflation contained in single digit figures,
positive trends in growth rates, new height of worker’s remittances,
significant increase in foreign reserves, strengthened Pakistani Rupee,
setting new records in the stock market, achieving GSP plus status in EU,
launching Vision 2025 which shows the political will and commitment of this
government, auctioning of Euro Bonds, all these are the hall marks of the
current government and a sense of optimism can be felt in the
economy.GDP growth which was averaged at 3% in the former regime rose
up to 4.14% in FY 2013-14 and recorded 4.71% in 2016. This shows the
increase of economic activities in the economy and it further builds the
confidence of foreign investors. Per capita increased to $1386 in FY 2013-
14 with a growth of 3.5%.Hence, after great days of struggle, Pakistan’s
economy is back on the track of revival and macroeconomic indicators are
showing growth trends. The fate of Pakistan is about to change and the
economy of Pakistan may rank among the world’s top economies in the
coming years. Nawaz Sharif’s government is playing a vital role and
making a satisfactory contribution on its behalf.
• Zardari’s Government:
Asif Ali Zardari received the mandate by the people of Pakistan to form the
government. He was the first elected civilian president and his government
is the first one in the history of Pakistan to complete the constitutional
tenure of 5-years 5 and be replaced by a democratically elected president,
Mamnoon Hussain. Former President Pervez Musharraf left a well
decorated economy and it was a challenge for the newly elected
government to keep the flow of trends.The performance of Pakistan
Peoples Party led down the economic growth during its tenure; 2008-2013.
The macroeconomic indicators demonstrate dismally bad performance of
the PPP government. Average annual GDP fell to 2.9% which was around 7%
in Musharraf’s era. Bangladesh marked the figure of 6.8% GDP during the
same period. As far as inflation is concerned, President Zardari’s rule is
considered as the worst period after 1972-1977 term. Inflation remained in
double digits throughout the period except the last quarter of his
presidency.
• ZIA-UL-HAQ ERA:
Gen. Zia-Ul-Haq and this time it was legitimized in the name of religion.
During his dictatorship, Pakistan participated in the campaign to overthrow
the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and in reward it got massive economic
assistance from the allied nations. Besides the worst social costs,
economic conditions turned better and in the fifth five year plan (1978-
1983), an attempt was made to stabilize Pakistan’s economy and to
improve the living standard of the poor segment of the population. GDP
growth remained 6.6% on average annually during the first half of his rule,
GNP figured 7.6% per annum. Workers remittances increased in the
second half and contributed in increasing foreign exchange.
• The period between Zia’s regime and Musharraf’s martial law is known
as the “lost decade”. Nine different governments reigned Pakistan during
this period. The macroeconomic indicators fell dismally and the chief
reason was high political instability in the country. Lack of political will to
take timely and correct decisions coupled with the inability to cope with
the distortions on the right time led to the loss of Pakistan’s credibility in
the international community. The growth rate fell to 4% in the first half of
1990.

Conclusion:
1. Considering the sycophants that surrounded Musharraf, it is not only
remarkable that he managed to bring about this little improvement to an
average Pakistani’s living standards
2. Pakistan saw some of its best years in terms of economic progress and
social stability under Musharaaf rule.
3. Musharraf sold himself to the world as the last man standing between
the Taliban and Western civilization.
4. overall many people believe that his era was the best but still many
oppose the idea and hold the opinion that he didn't had the right to rule the
country and impose the marshal law as the law only weakens the country.
5. Musharraf’s take over in 1999. , the economic outcomes of Pakistan
were a mixture of paradoxes. In the first four decades, the economy grew
at a fairly impressive rate of 6%. The per capita income doubled and
inflation rates remained low whereas poverty declined from 46% to 18% by
the end of 1980s. But then Pakistan faced the “lost decade” during 1990s .