Module-3:

Statistical Methods and Calculus of Variation

 Fitting of the curves by the method of least square-Problems

 Correlation and Regression lines-Problems.

 Variation of a function and a functional, variational problems,

Euler’s equation and Isoperimetric problems}

 Applications: Minimal surface of revolution and Hanging cable.

Y=0.64x+0.55
Q2.
Q1.
Q2.
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
 Practice Problems:
Q1.

Q2.

Q3.
Correlation
 Coefficient of Correlation

Alternate formula for Coefficient of Correlation

Regression
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Variation of a function and a functional, variational problems, Euler’s
equation and Isoperimetric problems.
Applications: Minimal surface of revolution and Hanging cable.
 CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS

Funcitonal
Euler’s Equation
Differential Equations Re-cap
Hanging Cable(Chain) Problem
Same as last problem…we get
Q. Find the path in which a particle, in the absence of friction, will slide from one point to anther in shortest time
under the under the influence of gravity.

Let the particle start from the point O (initially at rest)

and slide along the curve OQ. Let the particle be at P (x,y)
at any time t and let OP =s be the arc length.

We know from the principle of work and energy that the

work done in moving the particle from O to P is equal to
the difference between the kinetic energy at P and at O.

mgy = 12mv -0
But, v = ds/dt

But,

This is the velocity of the particle at the point P ( x, y ).

Hence the time T required by the particle to move from O to Q is given
by

We need to find y (x) such that T is minimum.

Hence we can take Euler's equation in the form
Also we have when 𝜃 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 and we must have , 𝑥 = 0 also since
( 0, 0) is a point on the curve. This gives b =0

Thus we can say that the path of a parti1e moving In a vertical plane under the action of
gravity in least time is a Cycloid
Q. Find the plane curve of fixed perimeter and maximum area.
Q. Prove that the sphere is the solid figure of revolution which, for a given surface area,
has maximum volume.