BACTERIOLOGY LAB NOTES (01/25/21) - Lateral adjustment of eyepiece so that the

ALL ABOUT MICROSCOPE viewer could adjust the eyepiece to his own
comfort.
Microscope 3. Optical tube
- A very important tool in Microbiology, specifically - It is where the intermediate image is formed.
Bacteriology. Why? - Standard length: 160mm distance from the
o Because in Microbiology Lab, we deal eyepiece to the objective lens.
with microorganisms that cannot be 4. Arm/Neck
seen by the naked eye. - Provides mechanical site of attachment for
o It is helpful in identifying morphology, revolving nosepiece.
characteristics, etc. - Connects the optical tube, eyepiece, revolving
Discovery of Microscope nosepiece
- Zacharias Janssen 5. Stand
o Developed Microscope - Provide vertical support to the microscope.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Support stage assembly; condenser; base
o First one to use microscope scientifically. 6. Rheostat
Types of Microscope - Regulates the intensity of light
1. Based on Lens System 7. Switch
a. Simple Microscope - On/Off light
 One/Single Lens System 8. Revolving nosepiece
 Ocular Lens - Holds the objective lens
Ex. Magnifying glass, Projector Lens - Scanner; LPO, HPO, OIO
b. Compound Microscope 9. Objective lens
 Two Lens System - 3-4 (mostly 4)
- Scanner (4x), LPO (10x), HPO (40x), OIO (100x)
 Ocular Lens
- Total magnification = Ocular X Objective
 Objective Lens
Example: - ∞ / (thickness of cover slip)
- Electric Compound Microscope - WD (Working distance)
o Uses Bulb (Halogen Tungsten Bulb) that o Distance from the front lens of the
is located within the base. objective to the closest surface of the
- Compound Light Microscope cover slip
o Uses Natural light (Sunlight or - Resolution
Incandescent light) projected by the o Ability to distinguish fine details of two
mirror to the condenser closely associated objects.
Parts of the Microscope 10. Stage Assembly
Three Major Parts: - Where we placed specimen and slide
- Optical Part - Equipped with stage clip
o Part that illuminates the specimen 11. Stage Control knob
o Ex. Light Source - X/Y Adjustment of stage
- Magnifying Part 12. Focus control knob
o Part used to magnify the intermediate - Coarse Adjustment Knob
image or the illuminated specimen o Initial focusing
o Ex. Objective lenses, Optical Lenses o Achieve the working distance
- Mechanical Part - Fine Adjustment Knob
o Parts that are movable to achieve the o Final focusing
working distance, place the specimen o Fine tuning of details
precisely and securely, adjust the - Graduation turning (?)
microscope to be comfortable. o 1 turn = 2 micrometer adjustment
1. Eyepiece 13. Condenser
- Can be binocular or monocular - Gather/Organize/Direct light to the specimen
- Magnifies the intermediate image formed in the 14. Iris diaphragm/Aperture diaphragm
optical tube by the illuminated specimen by the - Controls the angle and amount of light
objective lenses. entering the condenser.
- Limits the viewing field on the reading field. - Used to balance the contrast and resolution
2. Interpupillary adjustment - Contrast – Ability to enhance structure/parts
present within the cell
- Fully opened ID = High Res. = Low Cont.
 - Fully closed ID = Poor Res = High Cont.
15. Base
- Provide overall support of microscope.
Oil Immersion
- Why is it needed? To obtain high Refractive Index
- High Refractive Index = High Resolution

Three Types of Oil used in Laboratory

1. Type A
 Low Viscous
 Used in Dark Field and
Immunofluorescence Microscopy
2. Type B
 High Viscous
 Used in Bright Field and Routine standard
microscopic technique
 Cedar wood oil (Most common)
3. Type C
 Very High Viscous
 Used in Inclined Microscope

Parfocal Lens Microscope

- When shifting from LPO to HPO, focus is not
compromised.
Paracentric Lens Microscope
- When shifting from LPO to HPO, the view is still in
the middle.