REFERENCES Key words: coplanar-waveguide (CPW); bandpass filter (BPF); ultra

1. M.K. Mandal and S. Sanyal, Compact wide-band bandpass filter using wide band (UWB)
microstrip to slotline broadside-coupling, IEEE Microwave Wireless
Compon Lett 17 (2007), 640 – 642. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. K. Li, D. Kurita, and T. Matsui, An ultra-wideband bandpass filter Since the ultra wide band (UWB) mask was defined in 2002 [1],
using broadside-coupled microstrip-coplanar waveguide structure, research on various UWB bandpass filters (UWB BPFs) become
IEEE MTT-S Int Dig (2005), 675– 678. very imperative. For avoiding the frequency use of 5– 6 GHz for
3. C.-Y. Hung, M.-H. Weng, Y.-K. Su, and R.-Y. Yang, Design of
IEEE 802.11a wireless local area networks, the UWB specification
parallel coupled-line microstrip wideband bandpass filter using
stepped-impedance resonators, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49
further divides into a low band of 3.1– 4.9 GHz and a high band of
(2007), 795–798. 6.2–9.7 GHz [2]. It is well known that the conventional microwave
4. N.-W. Chen and K.-Z. Fang, An ultra-broadband coplanar-waveguide filter theory was established under the assumption of a narrow
bandpass filter with sharp skirt selectivity, IEEE Microwave Wireless fractional bandwidth. Recently, several approaches are adopted to
Compon Lett 17 (2007), 124 –126. realize a variety of planar UWB BPFs [3– 8], such as parallel-
5. R. Gómez-García and J.I. Alonso, Design of sharp-rejection and low- coupled structure with slotted ground plane [3, 4], single multi-
loss wide-band planar filters using signal-interference techniques, mode resonator [5, 6], and hybrid microstrip/coplanar-waveguide
IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon Lett 15 (2005), 530 –532. (CPW) structure [7, 8]. Most of aforementioned filter structures
6. R. Gómez-García, J.I. Alonso, and D. Amor-Martín, Using the branch- use microstrip type. However, to integrate with other components
line directional coupler in the design of microwave bandpass filters,
on the same substrate, the filter using CPW type is more desirable.
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© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DESIGN OF A COMPACT CPW

BANDPASS FILTER USED FOR UWB
APPLICATION
Chang-Sin Ye,1 Yan-Kuin Su,1 Min-Hang Weng,2 Hon-Kuan,3
and Jheng-Jie Syu3
1
Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, Institute of
Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National
Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
2
National Nano Device Laboratories, Taiwan
3
Department of Technology Electro-Optical Engineering, Southern
Taiwan University, Taiwan

Received 9 June 2008

ABSTRACT: In this paper, design of a compact coplanar-waveguide

(CPW) bandpass filter (BPF) for low band (3–5 GHz) of ultra wide
band (UWB) application is presented. The filter has design freedoms to
obtain the proper bandwidth by tuning the frequencies of the transmis-
sion zeros at the passband edge. The equivalent circuit of the filter is
also obtained. The designed filter exhibits a good lower stopband
with rejection greater than 20 dB below 2.95 GHz, which can block
the interference of other wireless communication system below 3
GHz. The designed CPW-BPF is investigated numerically and experi-
mentally. Measured results show a good agreement with the simu-
lated analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt
Technol Lett 51: 298 –300, 2009; Published online in Wiley Inter- Figure 1 (a) Structural configuration and (b) corresponding equivalent
Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24028 lumped-element circuit of the proposed CPW-BPF.

298 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 51, No. 2, February 2009 DOI 10.1002/mop
Fortunately, several types of simple CPW filter structure for mil-
limeter wave wideband application were presented in [9, 10].
However, only filter topologies are shown in the literature. The
detailed procedure for developing the filter is lacking, and its
optimized design parameters are not announced in the literature.
Therefore, design of a compact CPW BPF for the low band of
UWB application is presented based on one of the simple CPW
filter structures using series and shunt stubs [9, 10]. In this work,
more extended performance improvement and characteristic of the
filter are discussed, and the equivalent circuit of the designed filter
is generated. By suitably adjusting the filter structure, the frequen-
cies of transmission zeros at the passband edge can be shifted and
proper bandwidth can be obtained. The design procedure is dis-
cussed in detail. Performance of the designed UWB CPW-BPF is
characterized by using full wave electromagnetic simulator IE3D
[11] and verified by the experimented results.
2. ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED UWB CPW-BPF
Figure 1(a) shows the configuration of the CPW-BPF. This filter
mainly comprises two ’6c/16 open ended series stubs and two
’6c/4 short-ended shunt stubs connected to central conductor line,
Figure 2 The simulated filter response of (a) higher and (b) lower
transmission zeros location of the proposed CPW-BPF by adjusting the
shorted and open stub. Other structural parameters: W2 ⫽ 0.2 mm, W3 ⫽
0.2 mm, d1 ⫽ 0.2 mm, d2 ⫽ 0.2 mm, and d4 ⫽ 0.2 mm are fixed.
DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 51, No. 2, February 2009
Figure 3 The comparison of the circuit and EM simulation of the
designed CPW-BPF. [Structural parameters in Fig. 1(a) are: W2 ⫽ 0.2 mm,
W3 ⫽ 0.2 mm, W4 ⫽ 7.65 mm, d1 ⫽ 0.2 mm, d2 ⫽ 0.2 mm, d3 ⫽ 1. 95
mm, d4 ⫽ 0.2 mm, and circuit parameters in Fig. 1(b) are C1 ⫽ 0.55 pF,
C2 ⫽ 0.8 pF, L1 ⫽ 5.8 nH, L2 ⫽ 5 nH, L3 ⫽ 1.27 nH, L4 ⫽ 2.9 nH.]
which form the combination of highpass and lowpass structure.
Center conductor width W1 ⫽ 3 mm and the slot width g ⫽ 1 mm
are used to have a characteristic impedances of Z0 ⫽ 50 ⍀ to
achieve a good RF impedance match.
The equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 1(b). Here the parallel
inductor L1 and capacitor C1 are realized for the central signal line
and the horizontal oriented gaps of the series interdigital structure.
The ’6c//16 series open stub is modeled by the series inductor L2
and the ’6c/4 short end stub is modeled by the shunt inductor L3.
The parallel capacitor C2 is also resulted from the parasitic capac-
itive effect produced by the oriented gaps between the shorted
stubs and the ground plane. Less parasitic resistance effect ap-
peared near the ’6c/4 short end stubs is modeled by the resistor R1
and inductor L4. The filter is based on the semilumped circuit to
achieve the compact device dimension. The design procedure is
then discussed in detail based on the proposed equivalent circuit in
the following.
The frequencies of the upper and lower transmission zeros can
be shifted by adjusting the length of the short end stub W4 and the
length of the series open end stub d3, respectively, since the two
parameters dominate the lowpass and highpass response. The
simulated frequency responses versus different length of W4 and d3
shown in Figure 2(a) and (b) are obtained under other structural
parameters being fixed. With decreasing W4, the shunt inductance
L3, L4 and capacitance value C2 are decreased [12]. Therefore, the
upper transmission zero at the passband edge quickly shifts up-
ward and the bandwidth is increased. For example, as d3 is fixed at
1.95 mm, the frequency of the upper resonant zero is at 4.8, 5.4 and
6 GHz when the length W4 is 9.65, 8.65, and 7.65 mm, respec-
tively, as shown in Figure 2(a). With decreasing d3, the series
inductance L1, L2, and capacitance value C1 are increased. There-
fore, the lower transmission zero at the passband edge quickly
shifts downward and the bandwidth is increased. For example, as
W4 is fixed at 7.65 mm, the frequency of the lower resonant zero
is at 3.15, 2.65 and 2.2 GHz when the length d3 is 0.44, 1.195, and
1.95 mm, respectively, as shown in Figure 2(b).
Based on the design information, the structural parameters of
the filter with 3–5 GHz bandwidth are W4 ⫽ 3.7 mm and d3 ⫽ 7.5
299
mm and the other parameters are g ⫽ 1 mm, W1 ⫽ 3 mm, W2 ⫽
0.2 mm, W3 ⫽ 0.2 mm, W4 ⫽ 7.65 mm, d1 ⫽ 0.2 mm,d2 ⫽ 0.2
mm, d3 ⫽ 1.95 mm, d4 ⫽ 0.2 mm in this design. Figure 3 shows
the EM-simulated filter response of the designed filter. It is clearly
observed that the filter centered at 4.2 GHz exhibits a wide
passband response with the 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 38%
from 3.4 to 5.1 GHz and two transmission zeros located at two
passband edges. Circuit model of the filter is needed to simulate
the system performance when the filter is integrated with other
components on the same substrate. The element values in the
equivalent-circuit models of Figure 1(b) can be easily obtained by
curve-fitting on the EM-simulated results. The values including C1
⫽ 0.55 pF, C2 ⫽ 0.8 pF, C3 ⫽ 0.1 pF, L1 ⫽ 5.8 nH, L2 ⫽ 5 nH,
L3 ⫽ 1.27 nH, L4 ⫽ 2.9 nH, and R1 ⫽ 10 ⍀ are used to model the
circuit performance of the designed filter with central frequency f0
of 4.1 GHz. The calculated result obtained by the equivalent circuit
is also shown in Figure 3. It is clearly observed that the calculated
result of circuit model closely matches the EM simulated result.
There is a little difference between the EM and circuit simulation
because of the slightly change of the total electrical length of stub
structure caused by the associated parasitic effect, which are not
counted in the equivalent circuit simulation.
Figure 4 (a) Photograph of the fabricated CPW-BPF. (b) Measured and
simulated results for the proposed CPW-BPF.
300 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 51, No. 2, February 2009
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The designed CPW-BPF was fabricated on the Duroid 6010 sub-
strate with dielectric constant ’65r ⫽ 10.2, loss tangent tan ’64 ⫽
0.0023, and thickness ⫽ 1.27 mm. The photograph of the fabri-
cated sample is shown in Figure 4(a). The whole size of the filter
is 21 mm ⬘12.8 mm, which is only about 0.59 ’6cg⬘ 0.36 ’6cg at
4.12 GHz, where ’6cg is guided wavelength at the designed center
frequency. Without using any bonding wire, the filter is then
measured by an HP8510C Network Analyzer. Figure 4(b) shows
the simulated and measured results of the designed CPW-BPF. The
measured results have the center frequency f0 of 4.12 GHz and the
3-dB bandwidth ratio of 38% from 3.4 to 4.83 GHz, which is
corresponding to the low band of UWB application. Moreover, the
measured insertion loss of the entire passband is less than 1 dB.
The upper and lower transmission zeros are located at 5.9 and 2.69
GHz, respectively, and a good lower stopband performance under
a 20 dB out-of -band rejection below 2.95 GHz can be achieved.
4. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, design of a compact CPW BPF designed for the low
band of UWB system is proposed. The filter is based on the
semilumped circuit to achieve the compact device dimension. The
bandwidth of the filter structure can be tuned by changing the
frequencies of the two transmission zeros at two passband edges
individually. In this work, the equivalent circuit of the designed
filter is generated and more extended performance improvement
and characteristic of the filter are discussed based on the proposed
equivalent circuit. The filter is fabricated and the measured results
show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
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© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DOI 10.1002/mop