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W1-Gr8 SCI8 Q1-Mod1-LawofInertiaLawofAcceleration V3bFinal
W1-Gr8 SCI8 Q1-Mod1-LawofInertiaLawofAcceleration V3bFinal
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Law of Inertia and Law of Acceleration
Science– Grade 8
Supplementary Learning Material
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Law of Inertia and Law of Acceleration
First Edition, 2020
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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Law of Inertia and Law of
Acceleration
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM),
kindly set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read
carefully the instructions below to successfully attain the objectives of this kit. Have
fun!
1. Read carefully all the contents and follow the instructions indicated in every
part of this SLeM.
2. Write in your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
Writing develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!
Pre-test This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
Looking Back This section will measure the skills that you learned and
to your Lesson understand from the previous lesson.
Check Your This will verify how you learned from the lesson.
Understanding
Post-test This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire SLeM
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Expectations
You will investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the
mass of the object to the amount of change in the object’s motion.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
1. state Newton’s first law of motion – the Law of Inertia;
2. relate inertia to mass;
3. relate inertia to stopping force like friction;
4. cite situations where the law of inertia applies;
5. show the effect of force and mass on acceleration;
6. state Newton’s second law of motion - the Law of Acceleration; and
7. solve problems involving the law of acceleration.
Let us start your journey in learning more about Newton’s laws of motion and their applications
as well. I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!
Pre-Test
Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on another sheet of paper.
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Looking Back
In your previous Science, you have learned that force (F) is a push or pull exerted on
objects. Force can produce changes in motion. The force causes an object at rest to start in
motion.
The force causes a moving object to stop. Below are different situations in which you will
identify if force was exerted or not. Write F if the force was exerted and NF if not on a sheet of
paper.
_____5. The players of the tag-of-war game are pulling the rope in opposite directions.
Can you also recall the balanced and unbalanced forces? Remember that if the forces acting on
an object is equal or there is no motion or the sum of the forces equal to zero, balanced forces
exist. Now if there is motion, a net force is acting or one or more forces acting on an object is
stronger than the other, the forces are unbalanced, or the sum of forces is not equal to zero.
Below are situations of balanced and unbalanced forces. Write BF if balance forces exist and UF
if not on a sheet of paper.
_____ 1. A boy and a girl are pulling a heavy crate at the same time in the same direction with 10
units of force each.
_____ 2. The boy and the girl pull the heavy crate at the same time with 10 units of force going to
the right and 5 units of force going to the left.
_____ 3. A boy and a girl are pulling a heavy crate at the same time in the opposite direction with
10 units of force each.
It is nice to know that you can still remember those lessons. In understanding force and
motion, Newton’s laws of motion are very significant to understand to answer why the things
around us move or behave the way they do.
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Brief Introduction
The object has a property to resist any change in its state of motion. In physics,
this property is known as inertia.
Measure of Inertia
All objects tend to resist changes in their state of motion or keep doing what they are doing.
However, changing a body’s state of motion depends on its inertia. A more massive object which
has more inertia is more difficult to move from rest, slow down, speed up, or change its direction.
Newton's First Law of Motion: Law of Inertia states that an object at rest will stay at rest or an
object in motion will stay in motion and travel in a straight line, as long as no external net force
acts on it. The object will change its state of motion only if there is an unbalanced or net force
acting upon it.
Newton's Second Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration – states that the acceleration of an
object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force acting on it and is inversely
proportional to its mass.
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This can be expressed in equation form as:
Acceleration = Net force / Mass; a = Fnet /m
This is often rearranged as: Fnet = m • a and m = Fnet / a
Like any other quantity, the force has a unit, and it is expressed in Newton (N). One Newton is
defined as the amount of force required to give a 1-kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s/s, or 1Newton
(N) = 1kg/ms2
Given:
m= 0.5 kg
F= 25N
Find: a= ?
Solution:
a= F = 25 N = 25 kg.m/s2 = 50 m/s2
m 0.5 kg 0.5 kg
2. An object with a mass of 2 kg accelerates 4 m/s 2 when an unknown force is applied to it.
What is the amount of force?
Given:
m= 2 kg
a= 4 m/s2
Find: F= ?
Solution: F=m•a
F= 2kg •4 m/s2 = 8 kg•m/s2 or 8 N
Activities
2. Flick the hoop with your finger by hitting the hoop on the outside. Observe the coin.
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3. Flick the hoop with your finger by hitting the hoop on the inside.
Observe the coin.
Guide Questions: (Answer the following on a sheet of paper)
1. What happens to the coin when you hit the hoop on the outside? Does the coin
fall into the bottle?
2. What force acts on the coin when the hoop is hit on the outside?
2. Put the matchbox on top of the front part of the toy car. Line up the toy car with a 20
cm mark. Release the toy car. Observe what happens to the matchbox.
3. Repeat step 2, varying the distance of the toy cay starts from the end of the ramp.
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Guide Questions: (Answer the following on a sheet of paper)
1. When the matchbox is on the toy car, it goes in the same
direction as the toy car. When the matchbox is thrown from the car, in what
direction does it go? Explain your answer?
2. How is the distance that the matchbox is thrown forward related to the point
where the car starts on the ramp?
4. Put Car A along 100 cm mark. Release Car A. Observe what happens to the
matchboxes in Car A and Car B.
Guide Questions: (Answer the following on a sheet of paper)
1. Did the matchbox on Car B move forward, backward, or remain in the same
position? Why?
2. Did the matchbox on Car A move forward, backward, or remain in the same
position? Why?
3. A stationary car is hit from behind by another car. Describe what happens to
the people in the:
a. stationary car; b. car that hit the stationary car.
4. Why is it important for a driver or passenger to buckle his seatbelt?
Activity 6. Force, Mass, Acceleration: Their Relationship
Objective: At the end of this activity, you should be able to state the relationship
between force, mass, and acceleration.
Materials: pen and calculator
Procedure: Consider the following tables of force, mass, and acceleration. Complete
each of them and answer the corresponding questions on a sheet of paper:
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A. Constant Force, Varying Mass, and Acceleration
8 ½ 16
8 1 ____
8 2 ____
8 ____ 2
8 ____ 1
Guide Questions:
1. If you double the mass, what happens to the acceleration?
2. How does the mass vary with acceleration at constant force?
3. What is the relationship between mass and acceleration at constant force?
2 4 0.5
4 4 ____
8 4 ____
_____ 4 4
_____ 4 8
Guide Questions:
4. If you double the force, what happens to the acceleration?
5. How does the force vary with acceleration at constant mass?
6. What is the relationship between force and acceleration at constant mass?
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C. Acceleration, Varying Force and Mass
5 ½ 10
_____ 1 10
20 _____ 10
_____ 4 10
_____ 8 10
Guide Questions:
7. If you double the mass, how does the force change?
8. How is force related to mass at constant acceleration?
9. What is the relationship between force and mass at constant acceleration?
Remember
Newton's first law: Law of Inertia states that an object at rest will stay at
rest or an object in motion will stay in motion and travel in a straight line,
as long as no external net force acts on it. The object will change its state
of motion only if there is an unbalanced or net force acting upon it.
● Inertia s the property of the object to resist any change in its state of motion.
● The greater the mass of an object, the greater the inertia.
● Newton's first law: Law of Inertia states that an object at rest will stay at rest or an object
in motion will stay in motion and travel in a straight line, as long as no external net force
acts on it. The object will change its state of motion only if there is an unbalanced or net
force acting upon it.
● Newton's second law of motion: Law of Acceleration – states that the acceleration of an
object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force acting on it and is inversely
proportional to its mass.
This can be expressed in equation form as:
Acceleration = Net force / Mass; a = Fnet /m
● Direct proportion relationship means that as one quantity increases the other quantity
increases also, or as one quantity decreases, the other quantity decreases also.
● Inverse proportion relationship means that as one quantity increases the other quantity
decreases, or as one quantity decreases, the other quantity increases.
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Checking Your Understanding
Read and analyze the following questions. Apply what you learned from this lesson
and write your answers on a sheet of paper.
1. What would happen if the passengers were not wearing their seat belt? What motion would
the passengers undergo if they failed to use their seat belts and the car were brought to a
sudden and abrupt halt by a collision with wall?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Suppose that you are a superhero and you need to stop the jeep and truck to prevent a head-
on collision, which vehicle is easier for you to stop? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Suppose you hit a ball of mass 0.60 kg with a force of 12 N. Its acceleration will be 20 m / s 2.
What will you do to double the acceleration of the ball? Show your computation.
______________________________________________________________________
Post-Test
Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on another sheet of paper.
1. What is inertia?
A. A nonzero net force, which changes an object`s motion.
B. Equal forces acting on an object in the opposite direction.
C. The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion.
D. An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted
on by an unbalanced force
.
2. Which of the following has the greatest inertia?
A. bicycle B. bus C. jeep D. tricycle
4. What are the factors affecting the acceleration of a body according to Newton’s second
law of motion?
A. mass and force C. mass and velocity
B. mass and time D. mass and volume
Alicia L. Padua, Ricardo M. Crisostomo, and Lilia M. Rabago. Science and Technology
Physics Textbook For Fourth Year. SD Publishing, Inc.
Physics Teacher Resource Material. Philippine-Australia Science and Mathematics
Project. University of the Philippine-Institute For Science and Mathematics Education
Development.
Pia C. Ocampo et. al. 2013. Science –Grade 8 Learner’s Material, First edition,
Philippines. Department of Education.
Retrieved from https://www.virtualdriveoftexas.com/seat-belt/
Retrieved from https://yourdictionary.com/examples-oexamplesf-inertia.html
Retrieved from https://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/newtlaws/cci.cfm
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