University of Perpetual Help System- JONELTA

Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University

College of Pharmacy

Name: Hannah Zofia T.Ranada Date:01/26/2021

Year&Section: 3rd year -Q3A Grade:

PHARMACEUTICAL TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY

1. Define the following:

 Brine shrimp

Artemia franciscana ,Found all over the world in salt water lakes. Also found in salt flats (places
where salt water may be evaporated commercially to produce salt).

An aquatic crustacean of the taxonomic order Artemia, one species of which is often marketed
under the name Sea-Monkey as a novelty gift.Any of various small crustaceans of the
genus Artemia that inhabit highly saline ponds and lakes and are often used as food for farmed fish
and shellfish and for aquarium fish.

 Brine shrimp lethality test

Brine shrimp lethality bioassay is a simple, high throughput cytotoxicity test of bioactive
chemicals. It is based on the killing ability of test compounds on a simple zoological
organism-brine shrimp (Artemia salina).This assay was first proposed by Michael et al., and further
developed by several groups.The brine shrimp lethality bioassay is widely used in the evaluation
of toxicity of heavy metals, pesticides, medicines especially natural plant extracts and etc.It's a
preliminary toxicity screen for further experiments on mammalian animal models.

 Bioassay

Bioassay is defined as the estimation of the potency of an active principle in a unit quantity of
preparation. Detection and measurement of the concentration of the substance in a preparation
using biological methods.

 Cytotoxicity assay

Cytotoxicity assays measure loss of some cellular or intercellular structure and/or functions,
including lethal cytotoxicity. They thus give an indication of the potential to cause cell and tissue

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 injury and as such have been used by some investigators to predict tissue injury, including eye
injury.

 Approximate lethal dose (ALD)

The LD50 gives a measure of the immediate or acute toxicity of a chemical in the strain, sex,
and age group of a particular animal species being tested. Changing any of these variables (e.g.,
type animal or age) could result in finding a different LD50 value. The LD50 test was neither
designed nor intended to give information on long-term exposure effects of a chemical.

 Median Lethal Concentration (LC50)

The median lethal concentration and lethal concentration 50, this value gives you an idea of the
relative acute toxicity of an inhalable material. This is closely related to the LCLo value which is
the lowest concentration reported to have killed animals or humans

 Effective dose concentration

An effective dose or effective concentration is a dose or concentration of a drug that produces

a biological response. The term effective dose is used when measurements are taken in vivo,
while the term effective concentration is used when the measurements are taken in vitro

2. Make a research on the procedure of brine shrimp assay and draw the schematic diagram in the
conduct of the assay.

Procedure of brine shrimp assay

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3. What is the purpose of brine shrimp assay?

The brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) is a simple and inexpensive bioassay used for testing
the efficacy of phytochemical present in the plant extracts. The present study determined that
the extent of lethality was directly proportional to the concentration of the extract.

REFERENCES:

https://www.britannica.com/animal/brine-shrimp

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3960796/#:~:text=Brine%20shrimp%20lethality%20bioassay%2
0is,further%20developed%20by%20several%20groups.

file:///C:/Users/Zofia/Downloads/proceedings-41-00047.pdf