PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PAPER-I

Administration Theory

1. Introduction :
Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson’s vision of Public
Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public
Administration, Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation,
Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management.

2. Administrative Thought :
Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s
bureaucratic model its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration
(Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the
Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R.
Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.)

3. Administrative Behaviour :
Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories
content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:

4. Organisations :
Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments,
Corporations, Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies;
Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships.

5. Accountability and Control :

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over
administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary
organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.

6. Administrative Law :
Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation;
Administrative Tribunals.

7. Comparative Public Administration :

Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and
politics in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology
and administration; Riggsian models and their critique.

8. Development Dynamics :
Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-
development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate;
Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and
development the self-help group movement.
9. Personnel Administration :
Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement,
position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pray and service
conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct;
Administrative ethics.

10. Public Policy :

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning,
implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and
public policy formulation.

11. Techniques of Adminstrative Improvement :

Organisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and
information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

12. Financial Administration :

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to
apply. Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and
forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.

PAPER-II

Indian Administration

1. Evolution of Indian Administration :

Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and
administration Indianization of Public services, revenue administration, district
Administration, local self Government.

2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of

Government :
Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and
democracy; Bureaucracy and development.

3. Public Sector Undertakings :

Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy,
accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.

4. Union Government and Administration :

Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends;
Intra-governmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central
Secretariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions;
Attached offices; Field organizations.

5. Plans and Priorities :

Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and
the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at
Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for
economic development and social justice.

6. State Government and Administration :

Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance
Commission; Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State
Secretariat; Directorates.

7. District Administration since Independence :

Changing role of the Collector; Union-State-local relations; Imperatives of development
management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic
decentralization.

8. Civil Services :
Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity building; Good
governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights;
Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism.

9. Financial Management :
Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of
finance ministry in monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of
Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

10. Administrative Reforms since Independence :

Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial
management and human resource development; Problems of implementation.

11. Rural Development :

Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural development programmes: foci and
strategies; Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.

12. Urban Local Government :

Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th
Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics,
politics and administration with special reference to city management.

13. Law and Order Administration:

British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State
Agencies including para military forces in maintenance of law and order and countering
insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public
relations; Reforms in Police.

14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:

Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission;
Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface;
Corruption and administration; Disaster management.
SOCIOLOGY

PAPER– I

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

1. Sociology - The Discipline:

(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology.
(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.
(c) Sociology and common sense.

2. Sociology as Science:
(a) Science, scientific method and critique.
(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.
(c) Positivism and its critique.
(d) Fact value and objectivity.
( e) Non-positivist methodologies.

3. Research Methods and Analysis:

(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.
(b) Techniques of data collection.
(c ) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

4. Sociological Thinkers:
(a) Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.
(b) Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.
(c) Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the
spirit of capitalism.
(d) Talcolt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables.
(e) Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference
groups.
(f) Mead - Self and identity.

5. Stratification and Mobility :

(a) Concepts - equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.
(b) Theories of social stratification - Structural func tionalist theory, Marxist theory,
Weberian theory.
(c) Dimensions - Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
(d) Social mobility - open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of
mobility.

6. Works and Economic Life :

(a) Social organization of work in different types of society - slave society, feudal society,
industrial capitalist society.
(b) Formal and informal organization of work.
(c) Labour and society.

7. Politics and Society:

(a) Sociological theories of power.
(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties.
(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.
(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.
8. Religion and Society :
(a) Sociological theories of religion.
(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism,
fundamentalism.

9. Systems of Kinship:
(a) Family, household, marriage.
(b) Types and forms of family.
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to
apply.
(c) Lineage and descent.
(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.
(e) Contemporary trends.

10. Social Change in Modern Society :

(a) Sociological theories of social change.
(b) Development and dependency.
(c) Agents of social change.
(d) Education and social change.
(e) Science, technology and social change.

PAPER–II

INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

A. Introducing Indian Society :

(i) Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society :

(a) Indology (G.S. Ghure).
(b) Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).
(c) Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).

(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :

(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.
(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.
(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period.
(d) Social reforms.

B. Social Structure:
(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:
(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies.
(b) Agrarian social structure—
evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.
(ii) Caste System:
(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont,
Andre Beteille.
(b) Features of caste system.
(c) Untouchability-forms and perspectives
(iii) Tribal Communities in India:
(a) Definitional problems.
(b) Geographical spread.
(c) Colonial policies and tribes.
(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.

(iv) Social Classes in India:

(a) Agrarian class structure.
(b) Industrial class structure.
(c) Middle classes in India.

(v) Systems of Kinship in India:

(a) Lineage and descent in India.
(b) Types of kinship systems.
(c) Family and marriage in India.
(d) Household dimensions of the family.
(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour.

(vi) Religion and Society :

(a) Religious communities in India.
(b) Problems of religious minorities.

C. Social Changes in India:

(i) Visions of Social Change in India:

(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.
(b) Constitution, law and social change.
(c) Education and social change.

(ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:

(a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives,
poverty alleviation schemes.
(b) Green revolution and social change.
(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.
(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:

(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.
(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.
(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.
(d) Informal sector, child labour.
(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

(iv) Politics and Society :

(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.
(b) Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.
(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.
(d) Secularization.

(v) Social Movements in Modern India :

(a) Peasants and farmers movements.
(b) Women’s movement.
(c) Backward classes & Dalit movements.
(d) Environmental movements.
(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.

(vi) Population Dynamics :

(a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution.
(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.
(c) Population Policy and family planning.
(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation :

(a) Crisis of development : displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.
(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
(c) Violence against women.
(d) Caste conflicts.
(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.
(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.