Absolute value describes the distance of a number on the number line from 0 without

considering which direction from zero the number lies. The absolute value of a
number is never negative.

 The absolute value of 5 is 5.

distance from 0: 5 units

 The absolute value of  5 is 5.

distance from 0: 5 units

 The absolute value of 2 +  7 is 5.

distance of sum from 0: 5 units

 The absolute value of 0 is 0. (This is why we don't say that the absolute value
of a number is positive: Zero is neither negative nor positive.)

The symbol for absolute value is two straight lines surrounding the number or
expression for which you wish to indicate absolute value.

 |6| = 6 means the absolute value of 6 is 6.

 | 6| = 6 means the absolute value of  6 is 6.
 | 2 - x| means the absolute value of  2 minus x.
 |x| means the negative of the absolute value of x.

The number line is not just a way to show distance from zero, it's also a good way to
graph absolute value.

Consider |x| = 2. To show x on the number line, you need to show every number
whose absolute value is 2.
Now think about |x| > 2. To show x on the number line, you need to show every
number whose absolute value is greater than 2. When you graph on the number line,
an open dot indicates that the number is not part of the graph. The > symbol indicates
that the number being compared is not included in the graph.

In general, you get two sets of values for inequalities with |x| > some number or
with |x| = some number.

Now think about |x| = 2. You are looking for numbers whose absolute values are less
than or equal to 2. It turns out that all real numbers from  2 through 2 make the
inequality true. When you graph on the number line, a closed dot indicates that the
number is part of the graph. The = symbol indicates that the number being compared
is included in the graph.

In general, you get one set of values for inequalities with|x| < some number or
with |x| = some number. An easy way to write these kinds of inequalities to show
that their values fall between two numbers is:

 For |x| < 2,  2 < x < 2

 For |x| = 4,  4 = x = 4
 For |x + 6| < 25,  25 < x + 6 < 25

Of course, with less than inequalities, |x| will never be less than 0, so even
though x can be negative, the number you're comparing it to can't be (or there won't be
any points graphed on your number line).

There are a few properties of integers which determine its operations. These principles or
properties help us to solve many equations. To recall, integers are any positive or negative
numbers, including zero. Properties of these integers will help to simplify and answer a series of
operations on integers quickly.
All properties and identities for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of numbers are
also applicable to all the integers. Integers include the set of positive numbers, zero and negative
numbers which are denoted with the letter Z.

Z = {……….−5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,………}

Properties Of Integers

Properties of Integers
Integers have 5 main properties of operation which are:

 Closure Property
 Associative Property
 Commutative Property
 Distributive Property
 Identity Property
Integer Property Addition Multiplication Subtraction Division

Commutative x + y = y+ x x×y=y×x x–y≠y–x x÷y≠y÷x

Property
 Integer Property Addition Multiplication Subtraction Division

Associative x + (y + z) = (x + x × (y × z) = (x × y) (x – y) – z ≠ x – (y (x ÷ y) ÷ z ≠ x ÷ (y
Property y) +z ×z – z) ÷ z)

Identity Property x + 0 = x =0 + x x×1=x=1×x x–0=x≠0–x x÷1=x≠1÷x

Closure Property x+y∈Z x×y∈Z x–y∈Z x÷y∉Z

Distributive x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
Property  x × (y − z) = x × y − x × z
The explanation of each of the integer properties is given below.

Property 1: Closure Property

Among the various properties of integers, closure property under addition and subtraction states
that the sum or difference of any two integers will always be an integer i.e. if x and y are any two
integers, x + y and x − y will also be an integer.
Example 1: 3 – 4 = 3 + (−4) = −1;
(–5) + 8 = 3,
The results are integers.
Closure property under multiplication states that the product of any two integers will be an
integer i.e. if x and y are any two integers, xy will also be an integer.
Example 2: 6 × 9 = 54 ; (–5) × (3) = −15, which are integers.
Division of integers doesn’t follow the closure property, i.e. the quotient of any two integers x
and y, may or may not be an integer.
Example 3: (−3) ÷ (−6) = ½, is not an integer.

Property 2: Commutative Property

The commutative property of addition and multiplication states that the order of terms doesn’t
matter, the result will be the same. Whether it is addition or multiplication, swapping of terms
will not change the sum or product. Suppose, x and y are any two integers, then
⇒x+y=y+x
⇒x×y=y×x
Example 4: 4 + (−6) = −2 = (−6) + 4;
10 × (−3) = −30 = (−3) × 10
But, subtraction (x − y ≠ y − x) and division (x ÷ y ≠ y ÷ x) are not commutative for integers and
whole numbers.
Example 5: 4 − (−6) = 10 ; (−6) – 4 = −10
⇒ 4 − (−6) ≠ (−6) – 4
Ex: 10 ÷ 2 = 5 ; 2 ÷ 10 = 1/5
⇒ 10 ÷ 2 ≠ 2 ÷ 10

Property 3: Associative Property

The associative property of addition and multiplication states that the way of grouping of
numbers doesn’t matter; the result will be the same. One can group numbers in any way but the
answer will remain the same. Parenthesis can be done, irrespective of the order of terms. Let x, y
and z be any three integers, then
⇒ x + (y + z) = (x + y) +z
⇒ x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z
Example 6: 1 + (2 + (-3)) = 0 = (1 + 2) + (−3);
1 × (2 × (−3)) =−6 = (1 × 2) × (−3)
Subtraction of integers is not associative in nature i.e. x − (y − z) ≠ (x − y) − z.
Example 7: 1 − (2 − (−3)) = −4; (1 – 2) – (−3) = −2
1 – (2 – (−3)) ≠ (1 − 2) − (−3)

Property 4: Distributive Property

The distributive property explains the distributing ability of operation over another mathematical
operation within a bracket. It can be either distributive property of multiplication over addition or
distributive property of multiplication over subtraction. Here, integers are added or subtracted
first and then multiplied or multiply first with each number within the bracket and then added or
subtracted. This can be represented for any integers x, y and z as:
⇒ x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
⇒ x × (y − z) = x × y − x × z
Example 8: −5 (2 + 1) = −15 = (−5 × 2) + (−5 × 1)

Property 5: Identity Property

Among the various properties of integers, additive identity property states that when any integer
is added to zero it will give the same number. Zero is called additive identity. For any integer x,
x+0=x=0+x
The multiplicative identity property for integers says that whenever a number is multiplied by 1
it will give the integer itself as the product. Therefore, 1 is called the multiplicative identity for a
number. For any integer x,
x×1=x=1×x
If any integer multiplied by 0, the product will be zero:
x × 0 = 0 =0 × x
If any integer multiplied by -1, the product will be opposite of the number:
x × (−1) = −x = (−1) × x

Video Lesson Related to Integer Properties:

Similar Articles:
Properties of Multiplication of Integers Properties of Rational Numbers

Properties Of HCF And LCM Properties of Complement of a Set

Properties of Addition Additive Identity Vs Multiplicative Identity

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Properties of Integers?

Integers have 5 main properties of operation which are as follows:

 Closure Property
  Associative Property
 Commutative Property
 Distributive Property
 Identity Property

What is the Difference Between Commutative and Associative Properties of

Integers?
In commutative property, the integers can be rearranged in any way and the result will still be the
same. In case of associative property, integers can be grouped in any way using parenthesis and
the result will still be the same.

 Commutative Property: a + b = b + a
 Associative Property: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

What are the 4 Integer Operations?

The four integer operations are:

 Addition
 Subtraction
 Multiplication
 Division

MATHS Related Links

Multiples Of 12 Table Of 2

Number System In Maths Factors of 6

Permutation And Combination Class 11 Highest Common Factor

Triangle Construction Difference Between Length And Height

Exterior Angle Theorem List of Maths Articles

2 Comments

1.  Master JUNE 17, 2020 AT 11:58 AM

Pro concept in byujs

 REPLY

2.  saara JULY 14, 2020 AT 3:37 PM

plz tell me how i can talk with a counceller

REPLY

Leave a Comment
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Comment

In Mathematics, a rational number is defined as a number, which is written in the form p/q,
where, q ≠ 0. In other words, the rational number is defined as the ratio of two numbers (i.e.,
fractions). Here, “p” is a numerator and “q” is a denominator. The examples of rational numbers
are 6/5, 10/7, and so on. The rational number is represented using the letter “Q”. Like real
numbers, the arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are
applicable to the rational numbers. The arithmetic operations on rational numbers can be
performed in two different ways. In this article, let us discuss the different arithmetic operations
on rational numbers with solved examples in detail.

Arithmetic Operations on Rational Numbers

The basic arithmetic operations performed on rational numbers are:

 Addition of Rational Numbers

 Subtraction of Rational Numbers
 Multiplication of Rational Numbers
 Division of Rational Numbers
In addition and subtraction of rational numbers, the process of addition and subtraction can be
categorised in two different ways. They are:

 Numbers with the same denominators

  Numbers with different denominators

Addition of Rational Numbers

Addition of Rational Numbers with Same Denominators: Consider two rational numbers, say
2/9 and 3/9. In this case, the denominators of both numbers are the same. (i.e., 9). So, keep the
denominators as common, and add the numerators of the rational number. Thus, the addition of
two rational numbers with the same denominators is given by:
29+39=2+39=59
Addition of Rational Numbers with Different Denominators: Consider two rational numbers,
say 4/3 and 5/2. In this case, the denominators of the rational numbers are different, and hence,
the addition of two rational numbers directly is not possible. So, first, convert the rational
numbers with different denominators into the same denominator by taking the L.C.M of the
denominator values. The procedure to add rational numbers with different denominators is given
below:
Step 1: Take the LCM of the denominator value
Step 2: Now, find the equivalent fractional value for the given rational numbers, by using the
LCM value, and make the denominators of the two rational numbers are the same.
Step 3: Now, add the two rational numbers.
Consider an example given above, 4/3 and 5/2. Now, let us find the sum of two given rational
numbers:
Step 1: The LCM of 2 and 3 is 6
Step 2: 43+52=4(2)+5(3)6
Step 3: 43+52=8+156=236

Subtraction of Rational Numbers

Like addition, the subtraction of two rational numbers has two different cases.
Subtraction of Rational Numbers with Same Denominators: Consider two numbers, say 7/3
and 5/3. The subtraction of two rational numbers is given by:
73−53=7−53=23
Subtraction of Rational Numbers with Different Denominators: Assume two rational
numbers, say 4/3 and 5/2. Here, the denominators are different. Like the addition of rational
numbers, make the denominator value same by finding the LCM of the denominator values.
Step 1: LCM of 3 and 2 is 6.
Step 2: 43−52=4(2)−5(3)6
Step 3: 43−52=8−156=−76

Multiplication of Rational Numbers

The multiplication of rational numbers is similar to the multiplication of the integers. The
product of any two rational numbers is equal to the product of the numerator divided by the
product of the denominator. Thus, the formula to multiply the rational numbers is given by
Product of Rational Numbers = product of Numerator / Product of Denominator
Assume that the rational numbers are 6/5 and 4/3, the product of the given rational numbers is:
65×43=6×45×3=2415

Division of Rational Numbers

The division of rational numbers is similar to the division of fractions. The reciprocal of a
rational number is nothing but the swapping of the numerator and denominator of the given
rational number. 
Also, check: Dividing Fractions
The procedure to perform the division of the rational number is given as follows:
Step 1: Take the reciprocal of the divisor value
Step 2: Find the product of the numerator and the product of the denominator to get the result
Assume that, 6/5 and 9/7 are the two rational numbers.
Step 1: The reciprocal of 9/7 is 7/9
Step 2: Division of two rational numbers is:
65×79=6×75×9=4245
To learn arithmetic operations on different types of numbers, stay tuned with BYJU’S – The
Learning App, and download the app to learn with ease.

In Mathematics, a rational number is defined as a number, which is written in the form p/q,
where, q ≠ 0. In other words, the rational number is defined as the ratio of two numbers (i.e.,
fractions). Here, “p” is a numerator and “q” is a denominator. The examples of rational numbers
are 6/5, 10/7, and so on. The rational number is represented using the letter “Q”. Like real
numbers, the arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are
applicable to the rational numbers. The arithmetic operations on rational numbers can be
performed in two different ways. In this article, let us discuss the different arithmetic operations
on rational numbers with solved examples in detail.

Arithmetic Operations on Rational Numbers

The basic arithmetic operations performed on rational numbers are:
  Addition of Rational Numbers
 Subtraction of Rational Numbers
 Multiplication of Rational Numbers
 Division of Rational Numbers
In addition and subtraction of rational numbers, the process of addition and subtraction can be
categorised in two different ways. They are:

 Numbers with the same denominators

 Numbers with different denominators

Addition of Rational Numbers

Addition of Rational Numbers with Same Denominators: Consider two rational numbers, say
2/9 and 3/9. In this case, the denominators of both numbers are the same. (i.e., 9). So, keep the
denominators as common, and add the numerators of the rational number. Thus, the addition of
two rational numbers with the same denominators is given by:
29+39=2+39=59
Addition of Rational Numbers with Different Denominators: Consider two rational numbers,
say 4/3 and 5/2. In this case, the denominators of the rational numbers are different, and hence,
the addition of two rational numbers directly is not possible. So, first, convert the rational
numbers with different denominators into the same denominator by taking the L.C.M of the
denominator values. The procedure to add rational numbers with different denominators is given
below:
Step 1: Take the LCM of the denominator value
Step 2: Now, find the equivalent fractional value for the given rational numbers, by using the
LCM value, and make the denominators of the two rational numbers are the same.
Step 3: Now, add the two rational numbers.
Consider an example given above, 4/3 and 5/2. Now, let us find the sum of two given rational
numbers:
Step 1: The LCM of 2 and 3 is 6
Step 2: 43+52=4(2)+5(3)6
Step 3: 43+52=8+156=236

Subtraction of Rational Numbers

Like addition, the subtraction of two rational numbers has two different cases.
Subtraction of Rational Numbers with Same Denominators: Consider two numbers, say 7/3
and 5/3. The subtraction of two rational numbers is given by:
73−53=7−53=23
Subtraction of Rational Numbers with Different Denominators: Assume two rational
numbers, say 4/3 and 5/2. Here, the denominators are different. Like the addition of rational
numbers, make the denominator value same by finding the LCM of the denominator values.
Step 1: LCM of 3 and 2 is 6.
Step 2: 43−52=4(2)−5(3)6
Step 3: 43−52=8−156=−76

Multiplication of Rational Numbers

The multiplication of rational numbers is similar to the multiplication of the integers. The
product of any two rational numbers is equal to the product of the numerator divided by the
product of the denominator. Thus, the formula to multiply the rational numbers is given by
Product of Rational Numbers = product of Numerator / Product of Denominator
Assume that the rational numbers are 6/5 and 4/3, the product of the given rational numbers is:
65×43=6×45×3=2415

Division of Rational Numbers

The division of rational numbers is similar to the division of fractions. The reciprocal of a
rational number is nothing but the swapping of the numerator and denominator of the given
rational number. 
Also, check: Dividing Fractions
The procedure to perform the division of the rational number is given as follows:
Step 1: Take the reciprocal of the divisor value
Step 2: Find the product of the numerator and the product of the denominator to get the result
Assume that, 6/5 and 9/7 are the two rational numbers.
Step 1: The reciprocal of 9/7 is 7/9
Step 2: Division of two rational numbers is:
65×79=6×75×9=4245
To learn arithmetic operations on different types of numbers, stay tuned with BYJU’S – The
Learning App, and download the app to learn with ease.