— amen es IS: 4722 - 1968 0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressi the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with 18:19 ‘The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should the same as that of the specified value in this standard, a 1, SCOPE 11 This standard covers rotating electrical machines without distinction of output and voltage but excluding: a) Traction equipment, and b) Motors covered by IS : 996-1964}. 111 While this standard applies generally to turbine type machines there are a number of additional requirements for three-phase 60 H, turbine type machines which shall be covered by a separate specification. 1.1.2 Attention is drawn to certain other standards listed below which may apply when machines are required for particular applications. rating plates of machines built to comply with these standards indicate the number of the Indian Standards invoked: 1S: 825-1961 Three-phase induction motors ( second revision ) HIS : 2635-1964 de electric welding generators IS: 2972 ( Part I)-1964 Textile motors: Part I Loom motors IS: 2972 ( Part IT )-1964} Textile motors: Part II Card motors 1S: 2972 ( Part IIT )-1965 Textile motors: Part TIT Spinning motors IS: 3682-1966 Flameproof alternating current motors for use in 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 2.1 Machine —Any electric motor, generator, asynchronous condenser, or synchronous condenser to which this standard applies, 2.2 Rating —The whole of the numerical values of the electrical a mechanical quantities with their duration and sequences assigned to th machine by the manufacturer and stated on the rating plate, the machin complying with the specified conditions. The duration and sequence may be indicated by a qualifying term, *Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). tSpecification for single-phase small ac and universal electric motors ( revised). $Since revised,IS: 4722 - 1968, 2.3 Load — All the numerical values of the electrical and mechanical quantities that signify the demand to be made on « rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a mechanism at a given insect 2.4 Rated Output — Output corresponding to the rating. For different machines the ‘output’ represents the following: a) For de generators, the electrical Power at the terminals expressed in watts. b) For ac generators, the apparent electric power available at the ferminals expressed in volt-amperes together with the power factor. ¢) For motors, ‘the mechanical Power available at the shaft expressed in watts. 4) For synchronous and asynchronous condensers, reactive power in volt-amperes, 2:5 No Load —The state of a machine rotating at normal speed under rated conditions but when no output is required of it, 2.6 Overload — Any load in excess of the rated load. Usually expressed numerically as the amount of the excess Current, measured as percentage excess current for generators and as percentage excess torque for motors, 2.61 Sustained Overload — An overload sustained for a sufficient long Period to aflect appreciably the temperature of the machine 2.6.2 Momentary Overload — An overload the duration of which is so short as not to affect appreciably the temperature of the machine’ 27 Duty — Statement of the load including no-load, and rest and de-energized period to which the machine is subjected including their dura- tion and sequence in time. 2.8 Duty Type — A conventional periodic duty consisting of one or more seis of loads remaining constant for the durations ‘spected, 2.9 Rated Value — The numerical value of a quantity included in a rating. 20 Rest and De-cnergizedl —The complete absence of all movement and of all electrical or mechanical. supply. 211 Thermal Equilibrium —The state reached when the observed thaPGrature rises of the several parts of the machine do nov vary by more than 20°C over a period of one hour. 2:12 Gyclic Duration Factor — The ratio between the petiod of loading including starting and electric breaking and the dimatieg oe the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage,en IS: 4722 - 1968 2.13 Breakaway Starting Current (of an ac Motor )— The highest rms current absorbed by the motor when at rest and when it is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency. This current value applies after the disappearance of transient phenomenon. 2.14 Breakaway Torque (of an ac Motor )—The smallest torque developed by the motor when at rest and when it is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency. ‘The torque value applies after the disappearance of transient phenomenon, 245 Pull-Up Torque ( of an ac Motor ) — The smallest torque developed by the motor between zero speed and the speed which corresponds to the pull-out torque when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency. ‘This definition does not apply to those synchronous motors of which the torque continually decreases with increase in speed Nore — These values apply to the usual mean torque characteri: transient effects. 2.16 Pull-Out Torque ( of an ac Motor ) — The highest torque that the motor can develop while running at rated voltage and frequency ( and rated conditions in case of synchronous motors ). ic which excludes ‘This definition does not apply to asynchronous motors of which the torque continually decreases with increase in speed. ‘Nore — These values apply to the usual mean torque characteristic which excludes transient effects, 2.17 Multi-Speed Motor —A motor which may be operated, at more than one distinct speed, substantially independent of the load; for example, an induction motor, the speed of which is varied by changing the number of. its poles. 2.18 Variable-Speed Motor with Shunt Characteristics — A motor the speed of which may be varied gradually over a specified range, but which, when once adjusted, remains substantially unaffected by the load, for exam- ple, a shunt motor designed for a range of speed variation. 2.19 Variable Speed Motors with Series Characteristics — A motér the speed of which may be varied gradually over a specified range but which | will decrease when load increases, as with a series-wound or heavily com- pounded motor, or a slipring induction motor with rheostatic control. 2.20 Excitation Voltage — The voltage marked on the rating plate of a machine being excited. : 2.21 Inherent Regulation 2.24.1 Inherent Regulation of an ac Generator or de Separately Excited Generator — ‘The maximum change in voltage expressed as a percentage of the rated 6 aT Le ————1S: 4722. - 1968 at rated voltage, speed and om rated load ( aio load, without change in ‘voltage when the load changes fe ‘oad, including nee factor, fac) to any lower reged and excitation current: 24.2 Inherent Regulation of 4 de Gangs in woltage, CPE A A EE any load, when the load changes from rated speed ) to any lower load, Gnchiding no load, without Sere it adjustment of the excitation cixcuit. Toherent regulation is the regulation of the machine i the total voltage changed is ‘sually greater owing to the econ open ob ect unit. 2.2, Factor of Inertia (FT) — Tee the ratio ofa total moment of inertia BPP ea to the motor shaft, to fe ve ment of inertia of the motor. 2.23 Routine Tests — Tes's carried out on each machine to check the 2 ential requirements which are ‘ikely to vary during production. 2.24 Type Tests — TS ried out to prove conformity with the require- 2Phts of this standard. These 2f0 ut 10 ed to prove the general qualities mentiesign of a given type of ‘machine. 3, SITE CONDITIONS 3.0 The following shall constitute the normal site conditions. ture — Machines shall be designed for the: 3. Altitude and Tempers Sowing site conditions unless € Fjennise agreed to between the mantis facturer and the purchaser, Ack Altitude — Attitude not exceeding tended for service on sites where the altitude covered by 11 gad Temperature — The cooling air or gas temperature not exceeding 40rG, Machines intended for ane ice with a cooling medium ‘vemperature Eye tran 40°C ace covered i 3.2 Form and Symmetry of Currents and Voltages — Machi oe Feggncd 10 meet the folowing site conditions: a) In the case of an 3¢ nO the supply voltage is assumed to be Me mally sinusoidal. _In the cast SEPP lyphase motor, the Supply Voltages shall also form a Sirtually balanced system. Nore — The voltage is considered to be virtually, sinusoidal if none of the instantaneous ‘values of the wave ‘differ from the ‘instantaneous value of the ‘same phase of the fandamental wave by more ‘han 5 percent of the amplitude ‘of the latter. 'A syatem of polyphase voltages is considered £0 Be virtually balanced if ‘none of the negative-sequenice £8 5 Hs Sequence components excest 2 peroent none. positive sequence component: a Self Excited Generator — The maximum Y kage of raved voltage, occuring 2 oad (at rated voltage and rnge in speed aud elf, In practice ‘additional effect 1.000 metres. Machines in- ie is in excess: of 1 000 metres are ines shall eeIS : 4722 - 1968 b) In the case of an ac generator, the circuit which it supplies is assumed to be virtually non-deforming and virtually balanced (see 25). Nore —A circuit is considered to be virtually non-deforming, if when supplied by a sinusoidal voltage, the current is virtually sinusoidal, that is say, of which none of the instantaneou¥ values differ from the instantancots value of the same phase of the fundamental wave by more than 5 percent of the amplitude of this latter. \ A circuit is considered to be virtually balanced if, when supplied by a balanced system of voltages, the system of currents is virtually balanced, that is to say, of which none of the negative-sequence and zero-sequence comporenis ‘exceeds 5 percent of the positive-sequence current. » 8.3 Voltge and Frequency Variation — Machines shall be capable of ~" delivering rated output at rated power factor ( in case ofac machines ) with: | a) the terminal voltage differing from this rated value by not more than +5 percent, or b) the frequency differing from its rated value by not more than LI percent (in case of ac machines ), or ¢) any combination of (a) and (b). In the case of operation at extreme voltage limits, the specified tempera- ture-tise limits shall not exceed by more than 5°C, Machines when operated under the abnormal conditions of voltage and frequéficy variation may not necessarily have their performance in accordance with this standard, 3.4 It shall be assumed that the location and moifture or fumes shall not seriously interfere with the operation of the machine. 4. TYPES OF ENCLOSURES 4,1 Machines covered by this standard shall have one of the degrees of rotection given in Table 1 of IS: 4691-1968*. 5. COOLING SYSTEMS 5.0 Cooling systems shall be any one of the following types. g 5.1 According to the origin of cooling: a) Natural Cooling —The machine is cooled without the use of a fan by the movement of air and radiation, b) Self-Gooling — The machine is cooled by cooling air driven by a fan mounted on the rotor or one driven by it: ¢) Separate Gooling — The machine is cooled either by a fan not driven by its shaft, or it is cooled by a cooling medium other than air put into motion by means not belonging to the machine. *Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for rotating electrical machines, of 8a *Voltages and frequency for ac ‘ransmission and distribution systems (revised), 18: 4722 - 1968 5.2 According to the manner of cooling: 2) Open-Cireuit Ventilation —The heat is given up directly to the cooling air flowing through the machine which is "being continuously replaced. Surface Ventilation — The heat is given up to the cooling medium from the external surface of a totally-enclosed machine, Closed Circuit Ventilation The heat i: transferred to the cooling medium through an intermediate cooling medium circulating in closed circuit through the machine ang a cooler. Liguid Cooling — Parts of the machine carry water or another kind of liquid flowing through them, or they are immersed into a liquid, Tnner Cooling of the Windings 1) Inner gas cooling — One or all the Windings are cooled by a 828, for instance hydrogen, flowing internally through the conductors or coils, 2) Inner liquid cooling — One or all the windings are cooled by a liquid, for instance water, flowing internally through tha conductors or coils, 5.3 Any combination of systems in 5.2. 6. PREFERRED VOLTAGES, FREQUENCY AND OUTPUTS 6.1 Preferred Voltages — For the urpose of this standard, the preferred voltages shall be in accordance with I$ 585-1969*, 6.2 Frequency and Namber of Phases — For ac machines the frequency all be the standard frequency of 50 He b) c d ©) 6.2.1 The standard number of phases for ac machines shall be three. 6.8 Preferred Outputs — The preferred output ratings for de motors and ac induction motors up to and including 110 kW are: kW kW kw 0-06 VM 18-5 0-09 15 22 pour 0-12 22 307 0-18 37 a 0-25 55 45 037 75 55 055 u 75 0-75 15 90 110 9IS : 4722 - 1968 6.3.1 The output ratings above 110 KW shall follow the R-20. series ( see 1S: 1076-1957* ). 7. MACHINES FOR NON-STANDARD VOLTAGES, FREQUENCY AND NUMBER OF PHASES 71. Machines within the scope of this standard for use on systems employing voltages, frequencies and phases other than standard, shall be considered 3s complying with this standard provided that they comply in all other respects, ‘The voltages, frequency and number phases for which they are designed shall be stated on the rating-plate. 8. IRREGULARITIES OF WAVEFORM 8.1 ‘The requirements of this clause apply only to synchronous machines of 300 KW or above, intended for connection to power networks operating at rated frequencies of 16 3 Hz to 100 Hz inclusive, with a view to mini mizing interference between power lines and adjacent circuits. B.A Requirements —When tested on open circuit and at rated speed and soltage, the telephone harmonic factor (‘T.HLF. ) of the line-to-line terminal Voltage as measured according to 8.1.2 shall not exceed the following values: . Machine Rating THE. S 300KW (or kVA) <1000KW(orkVA) 5 percent = 1000 KW (orkVA) <<5000kW(orkVA) 3 percent > 5.000 KW (or kVA) 1-5 percent Nore 1 — Limiting values of individual harmonics are not specified as it is consider- ed that machines which mect the above requirements shall be operationally satisfactory. ors 2 — Where the synchronous machine is to be connected to the system in an ‘unustial manner {for .example, where the star point of the machine is connected to Unvivand the machine is not linked to the system via a transformer), the waveform fequirements should be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. 8.1.2 Conformity with 8.1.1 shall be verified by type tests on generators. ‘The range of frequencies measured shall cover all harmonies from rated frequency up to 5 000 Hz. Bither the T.ELF, may be measured directly by means of a meter and associated network specially designed for the purpose or each individual harmonic shall be measured and from the measured values the t.h. shall be computed using the following formul: "TELE. (percent ) = 1p ay; Eph? ‘Preferred numbers (Since revised) , 10ee 1S: 4722 - 1968 ‘By, = rms value of nth harmonic line-to-line terminal voltage, in = Mis value line-to-line termina! Voltage of machine, and dy = weighting factor for frequency corresponding {© nth. harmonic. Numerical values of the weighting factor for different frequencies shall be obtained from Table 1. The curve in Fig. | may ‘be used as an aid to interpolation. TABLE 1 WEIGHTING TORS (Clause 8.1.2) FREQUENCIES ‘WercHtine FREQUENCIES WeroHTINe (Hz) FACTOR (Hz) Factor 16:66 0-000 001 17 2.050 4179 50 0-000 044 4 2.100 181 100 0-001 12 2150 1-82 150 0-006 65 2200 184 200 0-022 3 2.250 186 250 10-0556 2300 187 300 oul 2.350 1-89 350 2400 1-90 400 = = 450 2450 191 500 2.500 193 550 2550 1-93 600 2 600 194 650 2.650 195 700 2700 196 750 : 2750 196 800 1-000 2.200 1.97 850 110 2850 197 900 12 2.900 197 950 132 2.950 197 1.000 140 3.000 197 1.050 1-46 3100 1-94 1100 147 3.200 1.89 1150 1-49 3 300 135 1200 1:50 3 400 175 1250 153 3.500 1-65 1300 155 3 600 151 1.350 157 3.700 135 1400 158 3 800 119 1450 1-60 3.900 1-08 16L $000 0-890 1-63 4100 0-740 1-65 4200 0-610 1-65 4300 0-496 1-68 4400 ~ 9398, 1-70 4500 0316 i” 4600 0-252 : 12 4700 0-199 1 4.800 0-158 1950 17 4900 0-125 2,000 1 5,000 0-100IS: 4722 - 1968 2.0 18. 16 1h +2 10 o8 WEIGHTING FACTOR 16 0-4] 2 0 woo 2000+ +3000 «©4000 +«—- S000 FREQUENCY Hz 1 Fic. 1 Weicuine Curve 9, DUTY AND RATING 9.1 General — The declaration of duty shall be made by the purchaser as accurately as possible. In certain cases where the load does not vary or where it varies in a predeterminable manner, it may be declared numeri- cally or with the aid of time-sequence graphs of the variable quantities. Where the true time-sequence is indeterminate, a fictitious time-sequence, not less onerous than the true one shall be nominated or selected from the duty types listed in 9.2, 9.1.1 The assignment of rating shall be made by the manufacturer to signify the capabilities of the machine. Irrespective of whether the machine carries an indication of the duty type as described in 9.2, it shall carry a plate giving the values of the quantities assigned to it by the manufacturer in accordance with the definition of rating given in 2.2. In addition, since electrical machines have a time-rate of temperature-rise and since the rise of temperature in accordance with this standard is limited, a qualifying term may be used with the term rating to give an indication of the duration for which the machine may be run ai the assigned values while complying with this standard. Where a machine is manufactured for. general purposes, it shall be capable of supplying its rating indefinitely and the qualifying 12a 1S: 4722. - 1968 term shall signify this. Where & machine is manufactured with the inten= tion that it may be used t0 supply varying loads oF ‘Toads including periods Gf no-load or periods where APPIY Tachine may be in @ safe of rest and Ge onergized, the qualifying fer ghall signify this- 9.1.2 Since the rating is assigned 10 the machine PY the manufacturer from his knowledge, experienc® gnc pest estimate, and since & certain main= tenance period on site is ‘osually agreed, it is ema sufficient t0 test a i i jue. In cases, how- fnachine, where 2 test 18 equines, 10 the one rating. 2 Shaser wishes «0 have the machine tested to the actual of gad purchaser bearing in ead that such a procedure #707 generally applic gable. It should be a eetricted period of time can, of themselves ogee that a machine may Tt frouble-free over. @ Feriod of years and that He tne longerun the experience and integrity of the i geek, Saasnoulale taken wp account when agreement Sur tests is being reached. 9.2 Classes of Duty — The following ghall be the duty types: 7%, Continuous duty {S0) ‘S, Short time duty Sy ‘S, Intermittent periodic duty (>) ‘S, Intermittent periodic duty with starting Or) §, Intermittent periodic duty With starting and braling (Ss\ S$, Continuous duty ovith intermittent periodic loading (<2) S$, Continuous duty With starting and braking ~~ ‘) S Continuous duty xith periodic speed changes (S&) 9.2.1 Continuous Duty (Dap. Type Si), — Operation 2 constant load of sufficient duration for {penibal equilibrium to be reached (see Fig: 2): 9.2.2 Short Time Duly (Duby ‘Type Sq) — Operation 2 constant load during a given time, less th Ahat required to reach ‘thermal equilibrium, Calewred by 2 test of sulsciert n thajon to re-establish equality of temperature fotfh the cooling medium (se Fig. 3)- ‘Phe recommended values fOr the short-time duty are. 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. 9.2.3 Intermittent Periodic Duty ( Duty Tope 2) A sequence of identical duty cycles, each toe operation at constant Joad and & rest period, these periods being too ‘short o attain therm: bri uring one duty cycle (56% Fig. 4). In this duty, "VPs ‘the starting current gues not significantly affect he temperature-tise for this duty type: ‘Tnless otherwise specificds the duration of the duty cyele is 1 The ‘recommended values for the Joad factor ate 15, 25, 40 and 60 percent. 13 sIS: 4722 - 1968 ) LOAD ELECTRIC LOSSES | TEMP TIME Mex = Maximum temperature attained (N= Operation under rated conditions Fic. 2. Continuous Dury, Doty Tyee 8, 9.2.4 Intermittent Periodic Duty with Starting ( Duty Type S,) — A sequence of identical duty cycles each consisting of a period of starting, a period of operation at constant load and a rest period, the operating and rest and de-energized periods being too short to attain thermal equilibrium during one duty cycle (see Fig. 5). In this duty the stopping of the motor i& obtained either by natural deceleration after disconnection of the electricity supply or by means of braking such as a mechanical brake which does not cause additional heating of the windings. 9.2.5 Intermittent Periodic Duty with Starting and Braking ( Duly Type S,) — A sequence of identical duty cycles each consisting of a period of starting, period of operation at constant load, a period of braking and a rest period. 14“. LOAD j BLEcTRIC Losses TIME, N= Operation under rated conditions 9Mtex = Maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle Fic. 3. Suorr Time Dury, Dury ‘Typ aIS: 4722 - 1968 PERIOD OF ONE CYCLE ve Loap | | ELECTRIC LOSSES. ZZ TEMP TIME N= Operation under rated conditions R t rest and de-energized @Max = Maximum temperature ue during the duty eycle Cyclic duration factor = ig = e Fic. 4 Inrarurrrent Pesoic Dury. Dury Tyre S; and no-load periods are too short to attain thermal equilibrium during one duty cycle ( see Fig. 7). Unless otherwise specified the duration of the duty cycle is 10 minutes. ‘The recommended values of cyclic duration factor are 15, 25, 40 and 60 percent, 161S : 4722 - 1968 oo Renin) Ol ONE ere | ELECTRIC LOSSES TIME Dp =Surting IN < Operation wader rated conditions aw At rest and de-enersizes Gitax = Masimam temperate attained during the duty eyele ; es yee duration factor = pp WR wr Pero Dury WITH granvine, Dury Tyre Ss Fic. InTERMITTE Weee eee IS: 4722 1968 PERIOD OF ONE CYCLE D a a R LOAD | ) | ? WZ YJ oy be Lh Tok Y eae SSS SSS Ty Ns SS Teme |____— | D =Starting N= Operation under rated conditions = P= Blectric braking R= At rest and de-energized entox ~ Maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle Cyclic duration factor = Be TING AND ELECTRIC Fic. 6 INTERMITTENT Peropre Dory wits St Brains, Duty Ty? 18E IS : 4722 - 1968 | | PERIOD OF. P— one cycle | TOSSES | VA he \N = Operation under rated conditions ¥ = Operation on no-load Mac = Maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle Gyclic duration factor = wa Fic. 7 Continuous Dury wits Inrersrrrent Psrropic Loapine, Dury Tyre 5, 191S: 4722 - 1968 9.2.7 Continuous Duly with Starting and Braking ( Duty Type S,)— A sequence of identical daty cycles each consisting of a period of starting, a yefiod of operation at constant load and a period of clectrical braking. Mere ds no rest and de-energized period (see Fig. 8) PERIOD OF ONE CYCLE ELECTRIC Losses TEMP TIME D =Starting NV = Operation under rated conditions F = Electric braking Max = Maximum temperature attained during the duty eycle syelic duration factor = 1 Fic. 8 Continuous Dury wire STARTING AND Evecrric BRAKING, Dury Tyee 5, 9.2.8 Continuous Duty with Povindic Speed Changes ( Dut) Type S,)—— A sequence of identical duty cycles cach consisting of a period of operation at Sedmtant Yoad, corresponding to a determined specd of rotation, followed tovcaliately by a period of operation at another load correspontling to @ Mievent speed of Totation (carried out, for cxample, by means of change Stche number of poles in the case of mduction motors), the operating periods being too short to attain thermal equilibrium during one duty cycle, Terere is no rest and de-energized period (sce Fig. 9 ). 20 -px 1S +4722 - 1968 PERIOD OF, ‘ONE CYCLE ELECTRIC LOSSES TEMP = Blectric braking = Acceleration jon under rated conditions ined during the duty cycle te Fy Nis No No= Opera Mex Vfaxirmum temperature atta Jie duration facto: _ A ae Cyclic duration factors TERE RENT AE RNa =pEMt ht ment Fat Ns =pEMe At at tN wir Perropic SPEED CHANGES, Fro. 9 Cowrinvous Dury Dory Tyee Sy 9.3 Designation — A duty, type i desiguased by means of the abbrevia: fon given in. 92. For the duty fype S, the abbreviation is followed by an indication, of the duration of the ‘ay For duty types Ss and Se the Mpbreviations are followed by an indication of the duration of the’ duty Gycle and the cyclic duration factor, ———— S, 60 minute zg Examples: Sq 25 percent 5, 40 percent 2.