Design Stecl Your Way II: ent Analy iymniccu |www rrr rrr ere re were verre eve VET UTE ETEEVUOVES Design Steel Your Way II: Efficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Author: Louis F. Geschwindner, Ph.D., P.E. Vice President, Special Projects American Institute of Steel Construction and Professor Emeritus, Architectural Engineering The Pennsylvania State University‘The information presented herein is based on recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it ie belioved to be accurate, thie information ehould rot be applied to any specific application without competent professional examination ‘and verification by @ licensed professional engineer. Anyone making use of this information assumes all ability arising from such use, Copyright© 2009 by ‘The American Institute of Steel Construction All rights reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. ‘Second Printing April 2008 222 0002022200208808282800808 q « « « « 4 « a> » > > » > » > > > » d > > » > » » » » » Design Steel Your Way II: Efficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification TABLE OF CONTENTS Notes: Section I... - Lecture: Part I - What you have to consider! Section Il. . Lecture: Part II How you go about doing it! Appendix: .«Building Example 2: 4-story Commercial Building with selected slides and computer output Section B.. -Stability and Analysis Provisions of the 200SAISC Specification by R. Shankar Nair Section C.. A Comparison of Frame Stability Analysis, ‘Methods in ANSI/AISC 360-05 by Charles Carter and Louis F. Geschwindnerficient Analyse for Steel Design Using the 105 AISC Specification Design Steel Your Way II Efficient Analysis for Steel Design using the 2005 AISC Specification > > > > > » > > > > Design Steel Your Way II + Part | - What you have to consider! — Introduction — Structural analysis. — Second-order effects + Part Il - How you go about doing it! — Determination of required strength Applications -Examples ‘Theses ehay son ta ‘American Insitute of Steel ConstructionEtfcient Analysis for Stee! Desian Using the 2006 AISC Specification Part | - What you have to consider! + Design Basis + Analysis myths and the AISC Specification + Types of analysis + Second-order analysis + Stability + Geometric imperfections + Residual stresses rennin 7 aanneaea Design Basis + The unifying factors = The same limit states must be considered forall design philosophies The nominal strength is the same for all design Philosophies — There can be a direct relationship between resistance factors and safety factors, re 7 aaaccene « « « « q « « American institute of Stee! Consuction 21p Eficont Analysis for Stool Design Using the p 20054186 Specteaon > . . > - , 7 Design Basis » > There is no longer > ASD vs. LRFD > GD rwetteseeome ee s Design Basis + Important Definitions Required Strength, &, +ASD, R, + LRFD, Ry Nominal Strength, R, — Available Strength, RX. + Allowable Strength, R/2 + Design Strength, #2, ‘ANSIAISC 26005 e-——- : ‘American Institute of Stee! ConstructionEffclont Analyele for Stoel Doeign Using the 2008 AISC Specification Design Basis B3.3 For LRFD, design shall be performed in accordance with: R, SOR, B3.4 For ASD, design shall be performed in accordance with: Rs 7A i « q « « q a « « « « « « a « ty « « « « Safety Factors , + Calibration of LRFD with ASD leads to | \\"’ 1s % This relationship is used throughout the Specification ee 7 aceaaaaace ‘American Institute of Steel Constuction» 1p Effclont nays fr Stoc! Design Using the 1p 2205 ISS Speciation Design Basis Analysis vs. Design RSR, Required strength < Available Strength The two sides of this equation must be balanced One side should not be determined with more precision than the other rr sen sen > > Compatibility of Analysis and Design + Must be properly matched + Must assure adequate level of safety + Must provide an efficient process ee - ‘American Institute of Steel ConstructionEtfclont Analysis or Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Myth about AISC Specifications + Past AISC Specifications have never said anything about analysis! a a Fact 1989 ASD + A5.3, Structural Analysis “Selection of the method of analysis is the prerogative of the responsible engineer.” + B4.Stability “General stability shall be provided for the structure as a whole and for each compression element.” a American Insitute of Stee! Construction 6Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2008 AISC Specification Fact 1989 ASD * C1. General “In addition to meeting the requirements of member strength and stiffness, frames and other continuous structures shall be designed to provide the needed deformation capacity and to assure over-all frame stability.” a 7 Fact 1999 LRFD AS. Design Basis “The required strength of structural members and connections shall be determined by structural analysis for the appropriate factored load combinations as stipulated..." “Design by either elastic or plastic analysis is permitted...” Omar ‘| ‘American Institute of Steel ConstructionEficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the. 2005 AISC Specification Fact 1999 LRFD C1. Second Order Effects “Second order effects shall be considered in the design of frames” C1.2 Design by Elastic Analysis “in structures designed on the basis of elastic analysis, M, for beam-columns, connections, « « « a e « « « « < « « « « « and connected members shall be determined « from a second-order elastic analysis...” « The yet st oe < 7 « « « Fact « < AISC 360-05 (the 2005 Specification) « B3.1 Required Strength « “The required strength of stuctural members and « Connections shal be determined by structural analysis forthe appropriate load combinations as stipulated..." « “Design by elasti, inelastic o plastic analysis is « permitted” 3.5 Design for Stability “Stablly of the structure and its elements shal be determined in accordance with Chapter C.” & aaaaanena ‘American Institute of Steel Construction> > » > > > » > > > » » > » ) , , , , , , , Efficient Analyte for Stool Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Fact AISC 360-05 (the 2005 Specification) C1.1 Stability Design Requirements “Stability shal be provided forthe structue_as a whole and for each ofits elements |Any method that considers the influence of second-order effects, flexural, shear and axial deformations, ‘geometric imperfections, and member stiffness reduction due to residual stresses on the stability of the structure and its elements is permitted.” ee Fact AISC 360-05 (the 2005 Specification) “The methods prescribed in this chapter and ‘Appendix 7, Direct Analysis Method, satisfy ‘American Institute of Stel ConstructionEficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 12035 AISC Specification Analysis Methods in AISC 360 2.2a. Design by Second-Order Analysis C2.2b. Design by First-Order Analysis. ‘Appendix 7. Direct Analysis Method or Any method that gets the correct answer. a Analysis + Process used to determine how a structure responds to specific loads or actions + Measured by establishing forces and deformations throughout the structure a UL ‘American insttute of Steel Constuction> 1p Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2006 AISC Specification Analysis + Amathematical model used to predict behavior of a real structure based on: ~Engineering mechanics theory — Laboratory research — Model and field experimentation — Experience — Engineering judgment + In the end, the results must satisfy equilibrium “The anaes elena sae Analysis + Determinate vs. Indeterminate + Linear vs. Nonlinear + Small vs. Large Displacement + 1% Order vs. 2 Order a ‘American Institute of Stee! ConstructionEfficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 12005 AISC Specification Determinate vs. Indeterminate * Determinate = Number of unknowns = number of equations. + Equations of equim + Condition equations = Force and moments independent of member Properties + Indeterminate = Number of unknowns > number of equations. + Equilibrium, condition, other equatons = Forces and moments dependent on relative member Properties, a 7 Linear vs. Non-linear * Linear ~ Effects of oad proportional to load = Elastic material = Superposition applicable + Non-iinear = Effects of oad not proportional to load = Geometric = Elastic-pastc material Fc = Inelastic material i = Superposition not vale en are e e e a e « e e e « e e e e e e « a e q e American Insitute of Stee! ConstructionEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the. 2008 AISC Specification Small Deflection vs. Large Deflection + Small rAd = 1% order Z 7 -sin6 = tane=0 i + Large —2"4 order -sindztanez6 , —Cable structures Q a 7 > > > > > > » > > 1st Order vs. 2"4 Order > > > > > » + 1% order > ~ Equilibrium formulated about undeformed > geometry > ~ Beam-column ignores impact of axial load on i moment , + 20 order > ~ Equilibrium formulated about final displaced , geometry , ~Beam-column includes impact of axial load on , , , , , , ) ome GP recs i: ‘American institute of Stee! ConstructionEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Ae tere fasver~ Structural Engineering “The art of modeling materials that we do not wholly understand, into shapes that we cannot precisely analyze, so as to withstand forces we cannot really assess, in such a way that the community at large has no reason to suspect the extent of our ignorance!” GR. Dyhes, \Structl Structural Engineering “Is the exact analysis of an approximate model good enough to qualify as an approximate analysis of the exact structure?” Gy vs ccnromerene a ‘American Insitute of Stee! Constuctionffclent Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2005 ASC Specification aaa EEOC EEE Categories of Analysis + First-Order Elastic Analysis + Linear Buckling Analysis + Second-Order Elastic Analysis + First-Order Plastic Hinge Analysis * Second-Order Inelastic Analysis ae 7 First-Order Elastic Analysis + Linear — Elastic Materials = Equilibrium about original geometry Typical Methods i ~ Moment Distribution = Slope Deflection = Stifness (Matrix) Method = Most Commercial Computer Ted Eten 6 Programs ‘American Insitute of Steel ConstructionEtfcient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification + Bifurcation Analysis = From no displacement to an infinite displacement = Eigenvalue analysis + Typical Column Analysis = Column Effective Length + Linear-Elastic + Linear-Elastic Material + Equilibrium about displaced configuration - PA - PS + Exact, Iterative or Approximate Solution * Accounts for Stabil + Approaches Buckling Load Tee's seas esouon nso! ‘American Institute of Stee! Construction Linear Buckling Analysis Second-Order Elastic Analysis aane» p Efciert Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 005 A'SC Specifcation First-Order Plastic Hinge Analysis Plastic hinges form — Elastic/Fully Plastic —M, followed by M, Redistribution of Forces + Methods - Rigid-Plastic — Elastic-Plastic a HE > > > D> > > > > > > Second-Order Inelastic Analysis * Accounts for Material Yielding Plastic-hinged based = One beam-column element for each member ~ Zero-Length Plastic Hinges ~ Efficient analysis of large- scale buildings ~ Sill only approximate > > » » » » » , , , , , , , , , , American Inettute of Stoo! Construction.Efficiant Analysis for Steal Dasign Using the 12008 AISC Spectication + Plastic-Zone Analysis = Distributed plasticity = Discretized members = Many fie elements ~ Most complex method GP rover samrvne Second-Order Inelastic Analysis Comparison of Analysis Results _Amefican Institute of Stee! Construction « « « q « « e « « « « « « «» 1p Etfcien Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification AISC 360 B3.1 Required Strength “The required strength of structural members and Connections shall be determined by structural analysis for the appropriate load combinations as stipulated..." “Design by elastic, inelastic or plastic analyss is. permitted.” [Elastic analysis is the most common approach in practice AISC 360 1.1 Stability Design Requirements "Stability shall be provided for the structure as a whole and for each of its elements, Any method that considers the influence of: 1. second-order effects, 2, flexural shear and axial deformations, 3. geometicimpertectons, and 4. member stness reduction due to residual stesses ‘on the stability ofthe structure and its elements is permitted.” ae i ‘American Insitute of Stee! ConstructionEfficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Elastic Analysis + Member Slope Deflection Equations eee +7ile, Dh. +FEM Flexural deformations only Elastic Analysis * Slope Deflection in Matrix Form er —6E1 DP L SEL et MLE OT vy, | |ider ~ ber LE Mel | gir er BOT Includes only flexural deformations Gp vs enrsnre ne ‘Amercan instute of Steel Corstruction> > cient Analysis fr Stoo! Design Using the £2006 AISC Specification Elastic Analysis + Member Stiffness Matrix ele Includes axial and flexural deformations Dressers stn nse a Elastic Analysis + Member Stiffness Matrix Pisa) in) ° Flea at aBleeh) a fo ieay “aovas! ° eens Wl |e aisny item) ° POR p= 2h “ar woth) aa astern) Gal Flay “ata Fen) “Tah Includes axial, flexural, and shearing deformations ‘Thea cone! ve ‘American institute of Steel Construction katEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the: 2005 AISC Specification Elastic Analysis + Member Stiffness Matrix — 3-Dimensional Bo ae ny [°F aan 4 re aie peerage oo Ree ti lal oe: axial, flexural, and torsional deformations “Toa svay son ne a Elastic Analysis woret7e woees00 au aaa 5 Ed as 5 é a A persesen) = 2:94 18 A pant = 242 iy @ Bg = 2.24 its aa Gade 179 i. U j Anvtcaninantectseecanincin NC 8 eee eee ee eeeenaneaaneficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the £2006 AISC Specification Elastic Analysis feo Kips a ee wares wae100 ; fate os With pin Supports A es muaar = 7-1 COMPLE 10 A pastor =2.94 in. with fixed supports “Tee aes aon nso! m0 Waba0 2) aon Elastic Analysis + What approach does your software use?Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the A 2005 AISC Specification Elastic Analysis + What approach does your software use? 4. Includes axial deformations, .. Includes flexural deformations }. Includes shearing deformations. Includes torsional deformations. . Includes component deformations a. panel zone ». connection components__ mr rr sneer - 2aeON AISC 360 C11 Stability Design Requirements “Stability shall be provided forthe structure as a whole and for each of its elements. Any method that considers the influence of 1. secondoner effects, 2 Menu, shear and ail deformations, 3. geometicimperfectons, and ‘4 member sess reduction due o residual stresses Con the stability ofthe structure and its elements is permitted.” ‘American Institue of Steel Construction» , » » > » » » , » , , , , , , , , , ficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2005 AISC Specfication| Second-Order Elastic Analysis vs. First-Order Elastic Analysis [P or 10.0f zoon F208 ar namoer 02s a i ‘Second Order Araya Rete Lntbagecemt QO vores 7 ‘American Institute of Stee! ConstuctionEfficient Analysis fr Stee! Design Using the 2008 AISC Specification Second-Order Analysis + Impact of second-order effects Moments in beams and columns — Shear and axial forces in beams and columns — Forces on connections and foundations + Second-order moments may have a different distribution than first-order moments ‘Superposition does not apply 7 Second-Order Analysis « « + Approximate step-by-step second-order « analysis a . < 3 examples : « « ‘American inttute of Steel Construction bs.Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the > 2005 AISC Specification >» . B : Second-Order Analysis & : Hessen a >» > be > > Z Mya ™ . i > > > > > Second-Order Analysis A Fst heaton on member eect oe aU Elen Lt aaa Ln rarerccne wae se cov Sessa ai > > > > > » > » » » » » , , » , , , , , , , , American Institute of Steel Construction articent Anais for Stel Desgn Using the 2008 AISC Speciation « « Second-Order Analysis 4 : Sexson on mente fe proinan) fore 2 . « +200 hips 3, = - BANC $(20)°0728) _ 9.0851 in. « BEI 8(29000)(833) gg 22802850) 0s ips « © LY | we 7 « oe M, =200+23.8+2.84 = 227 fi-kips ‘ ters Angin ree = 2D a4 ‘ om @ Th ay atone a « : 8 American institute of Steel Construction « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « «Efficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2008 AISC Specification Second-Order Analysis Fiat eration on iden fect 10h! — Ince oi the sidsway ct wvevevvvv9VeeT008 Second-Order Analysis c ‘Second terton on sdesway at Approsaton) « oven, 2 t= 22-3194 stmt HE 3490708) aH, 0.608 (290004833) ies =203 ips zon M, =200+63.7+203 =284 fekips ware (244) Ampliiation Factor =(24) i ava > > > » > > » » » » » » , » » , , , , , , , | American Institute of Stee! Construction bot[Efficient Analyse for Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Spectication Second-Order Analysis a + Exact Treoretcal Solution ( _[E_ foamy ofr fie ie Second-Order Analysis + Exact Theoretical Solution Commentary Sencha reblom Case 1 FE [ORT a of ear sel (assy ase ‘American Institute of Steel Constuction 32 ane eeeeeeneneeneee» > > > > > > » » > > » » > » » » ’ ' » ' ' , , , , Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2006 ASC Specification Second-Order Analysis + Exact Theoretical Solution ‘Commariary Benchmark Problem Case 2. + «= [F-22900 II (222) 22) sf eng) to )-s9(%2) @ (0977) amarea Trewsemaye a sokten ste! Rigorous Second-Order Analysis + Beam-column approach using modified slope-deflection equations (Stability Functions) + Finite Element approach based on energy theorems + Pseudo load approach using fictitious loads. + And others ‘Tras aay slaon tet ‘American Institute of Stee! ConstructionErfcient Analysis fr Steel Design Using the 2006 AISC Specification Rigorous Second-Order Analysis ‘+ Modified Siope-Deflection Equations Rigorous Second-Order Analysis + Advantages of modified slope-deflection equations =In addition to P-A,, the P-8 effects are exactly fepresented for small deformations — Accounts for inclusion of axial forces on fixed end forces — Approximate yet “rigorous” analysis Gre mrss i aaanaeee g ‘American Institute of Stee! Construction « 4 « « « « « « «® 1p Erfclent Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2B AISC Speciation Rigorous Second-Order Analysis + Finite Element Method Geometric Stiffness — Assumes small strains, large rotations, large displacements — Based on a cubic polynomial of transverse displacements — Uses an incremental stiffness matrix a : "perican ithe of Se Connon 135Efficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the ‘2008 AISC Specification Rigorous Second-Order Analysis t| Pi weds othe fk a 7 Rigorous Second-Order Analysis + Finite Element Method advantages — One function in each matrix element for tension or compression More easily extended to three dimensional analysis —Very general approach a - American Insitute of Stel Construction « « « « «1p Ficiont Analysis fr Steel Design Using the 1p 2005 AISC Speciation > > » » » » » » » » » , , , , , , , , , , Rigorous Second-Order Analysis + Pseudo Load Approach = This is intended to refer to all other methods that might be used where loads are added to account for second-order effects. ~The main advantage is that the stiffness matrix is only evaluated once. As with the other approaches, it is still an iterative method, Rigorous Second-Order Analysis + What approach does your software use? 9 a : ‘American Insitute of Steel Construction 17Effciont Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Rigorous Second-Order Analysis + What approach does your software use? 4. What method 2. Reference 3. Does it include second-order effects @. Pb. b PA. First-Order vs. Second-Order + Compare the results of a first-order analysis with those of a second-order analysis for: ~ Gravity load only — Gravity plus lateral a ‘American institute of Steel Construction 8022222222 228282082080808822028000000080020080202808ficiert Analysis for Steel Design Using the 15 ASC Specification Symmetric Portal Frame + First-Order Analysis bd w tre tee te te @ i ! ‘American Institute of Steel Construction > > , . > Symmetric Portal Frame » > + Second-Order Analysis » 7 W ‘ > , 1 1 : ate Late ’ feo feo tes Bee ’ My 7 Ma Nochaes bo ; QD vovrecremcinntes Reni tae ie ,Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Symmetric Frame with Leaning Column First-Order Analysis 7 @ te a i Leaning Column and Lateral Load First-Order Analysis P Rite git oe it ‘American institute of Stee! Constuction 5 MOA OOOO OOOO OOO OOOO OOOOAAOA2ARAABAAem> 1p Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the p 2005 ASC Specteaton Leaning Column and Lateral Load Second-Order Analysis a ? won ae _ >» ies hasan > ‘manana > > te pus > 4 4 2 > Gu Fu, t : GD reese essai a » » » > > : i > Rigorous Second-Order Analysis > ane Consider a simple , “t 4 ‘example structure , | non ee ae » Naat Oe He t , , , , ‘American Institute of Steel ConstructionEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2008 AISC Specification Rigorous Second-Order Analysis Hey zones First Order Anaysis i ‘AtMemeors a wiaei36 pa wot aot Momert eaeneaeeeaene Rigorous Second-Order Analysis dere ee T elas | Second-Order Analysis ft oR a ee Wwiaetse pelt] tee ol ar esrt ast cont Moment woe. Neriects 75 ee - ane ‘Amencan institute of Stee! Construction® 1p Efficient Analysis for Stee! Desian Using the 1p 205 AISC Specification Rigorous Second-Order Analysis Z ! i i Second-Order Analysis by SS Amplified First-Order Analysis + The Goal: Develop a relationship between the first- order moment and the second-order moment that will permit a simple amplification of the results of a first-order analysis to determine the results of a second-order analysis, ae iz ‘American Insitute of Steel Construction bas.Efficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the ‘2005 AISC Specification Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Analysis u 7K. Wiite the equilibrium equation at mid- : height May =M,+P3 8 Define the amplification factor AF (M,)= May =M, + PS Solve for AF M,+P8 fe AF = A M, “Trees zon nse! a Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Analysis M,+P5 a + Add to the denominator and simplify « a (R5-P) « « M,+(R8-P8) 128 ‘ « € a « « 4 ‘American Institute ot Steel ConstructionFiclont Analyse for Stoo! Design Using the: 2005 AISC Specification Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Analysis + Simplifying Assumptions ¢_« eee M,+P3 M, M, _85! WET 6 Lr P + Substituting into the equation for AF’ ee Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Analysis + The amplification factor for the “member effect” is thus ‘American Institute of Steel ConstructionEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2008 AISC Spectication Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Analysis + Fora first-order analysis. M=HL , / 4 =H. 3EI aaneeaaeeeaanaae Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Analysis nat Fortean an |v“. assume these two models are equal apo WePade BEI « « 4a « « « « « « « « « « b « a Xv HL RB — « « « « « « « ‘American Institute of Stee! Construction Mecient Analysi fer Stoo! Design Using the 7005 AISC Specification a" SoWeforBe e. @ ro rs srsn nso Second-Order Analysis by oF First- eat ne - (AF), + Amplification for member effect 1 AF = * Amplification for sway effect 1 FA AF = 1 GP veer senior Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Analysis ‘American Insitute of Steel Construction arEfficient Analysis for Steel Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Amplified First-Order Analysis + C2.1a. Second-Order Analysis by Amplified First-Order Elastic Analysis ‘Any second-order analysis method that considers bothP-A and P-5 effects may be used. The Amplified First-Order Elastic Analysis Method defined in Section C2.1b is an accepted method {for second-order elastic analysis of braced, ‘moment, and combined framing systems. a : Amplified First ‘Order Analysis + Required secon irder flexural and axial stren: ath y= BM, +B,M, (62-10) ae =P,+B,P, — (C2-1b) Negative Resta sf Rearant No transiation Lateral translation Bo ‘American Insitute of Steel Constuction> pp Etfcient Analysts 2008 AISC for Steel Design Using te pecifcation ‘American Institute ee eee eee Amplified First-Order Analysis + Common design office approximation M, ravity load moments ‘M, =lateral load moments P a el ae Moraaieion Late tonstton 1 mene . Amplified First-Order Analysis + Membereffect 5 - Cs >1 22) ay A ’ fA 0.4(M,/M,) (C2-4) v Pat Py 6P, or P, y= ep (c26) on zt ‘of Stee! Construction baEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Amplified First-Order Analysis + The constant ot (1.0 for LRFD and 1.6 for ASD) i se ao be sure hat he anaes ‘ipttes he neler aspects at ‘ho utinate sera “ap, = 160 in =150 \ B= 246/90=2.73 rene lp 100 B=103/60=1.72 & atc ampitaton ctr ‘American Insitute of Stee! Construction « « « « « « « « « « « « € « « « « « « <» 1p Eficent Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 1p 2008AISC Specification | American institute of Steel Construction Amplified First-Order Analysis + Sway effect ily ah =P, 21 (C23) zp, =r e260) a Ra R, =0.85 for moment frames =1.0 for braced frames ves vrnsnnennn - Amplified First-Order Analysis + Application (LRFD) Jerse 4 0,-0.6 wrens Taisi0ine w=25 4m wera Ieiss0ine = 500 bt[Effient Analysis for Stoo! Dosign Using the 2005 AISC Specification Amplified First-Order Analysis + No translation - 2.00 Hoe Perse YD ats 25un aoce M=703 0% 1-208 wrens Teisin nate aoa fou soo eee QB mvvmet earns 7 Amplified First-Order Analysis + Translation M,= M,,+ M,,= 125 +375 = S00 f-kips MN M=375 0 en a 1875 ips L=208 wrens Trois ‘American Institute of Steel Constuction,> > > . > > > » > > » » » » » » » , » , ’ , , , Efficient Analysis for Stel Design Using the 005 AISC Specification Amplified First-Order Analysis + Summary of analysis: 5 fikips P, = 500 kips P,=0kips a Amplified First-Order Analysis + Member Amplification 0 (transverse load) 000 500 ips p= EEL__® (29,000)(1530 “(RLY (20012) ae ‘American Institute of Stee! ConstructionEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2008 AISC Specification Amplified First-Order Analysis + Member Amplification Dressers a Amplified First-Order Analysis + Sway Amplification 21 1 On oar EP, ‘a=P, = a(P+Q)=1.0(500+500) = 1,000 kips gol AMAHF 8.04 “SET ~ 3(29,000)(1530) op FE 9.95 1-0(20012) 2 08s 1,960 kips g American Insitute of Stee! ConstructionEfficient Anaiyssfor Stel Design Using the p 2008 AISC Specteation > > > > > > » > > , » » » » » > » » , , , , , , , , " American institute of Stee! Construction Amplified First-Order Analysis + Sway Amplification Drm emrssrnas - Amplified First-Order Analysis + Second-order results M, = BM, + BM, =1,07(125)+2.04(375) =899 f-kips P= P, +B,P, =500+2.04(0) = 500 kips + If there had been no load on the leaning column Peete : 155[Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Spectication Example 1 (LRFD) Determine the 2%4-order P,, = 408 kips forces and moments for ore a W14x120 in a moment Paras frame when the results of M,,, = 47.3 ft-kips a 1%order elastic May = 9455 fiekips analysis yields: 7 7 M,,=775 ft-kips My =155 fi-kips [Load Case =1.2D+0.5L+1.6¥) oo 2 Example 1 (LRFD) Determine the member effect amplification: No translation, M,, C,, =0.6-0.4(M,/M;) C, =0.6-0.4(47.3/94.5) = 0.4 a American institute of Stee! ConstructionEfficient Analysis fr Staal Nasign Usig the 5 AISC Specification Example 1 (LRFD) a WEL "(KL 2 (29,000)(1,380) (1.0(12.5)(12))° ll =17,600 kips Example 1 (LRFD) 04 Hee 5 =—Taag ogy ~ O4I# LO. B=10 ~~ 17,600 a i. > > » > > > > > > > » » > > » » » » , , , , , , ‘American Institute of Stee! Construction Hr[Efciont Analysis for Stee! Design Using the 2005 AISC Specification Example 1 (LRFD) Determine the translation amplification factors Translation, M,, Assume the frame deflection will be limited, in the final design, to A =f #7400 C 7 Example 1 (LRFD) For the entire frame at this story XH =150 kips (service load to cause drift limit) SP, = 2,450 kips (total gravity load) thus, EP, =0. asui 0.85(150)(400) = 51,000 kips a This is a measure of the frame stiffness “Thus hay slaton ste oa ‘American Institute of Stee! Constuction « « a « « « « e « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « « «® 1p Efficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the > > > > > > > > b » > > » » » » » , , , , , , , , | American Intute of Stee! Construction 1005 AISC Specification Example 1 (LRFD) + Sway amplification factor 1 eee eee (2,430) -"° 51,000 Example 1 (LRFD) Second-order force FaP, + BP, P, =(408)+1.05(98) = 511 kips Second-order moment M,=BM, + BM, M, =1.0(94.5) +1.05(155) = 257 ft-kips Tews ake a sober naa! ayEfficient Analysis for Stee! Design Using the £2008 AISC Specification Example 1 (ASD) Determine the 2"-order P, =378 kips forces and moments fora p= 46 W14x120 in a moment ee frame when the results ofa M,,, = 43.9 fi-kips ‘order elastic analysis ay" 97.8 f-kips yields: M,, =36.0 f-kips Myy = 72.0 ft-kips Example 1 (ASD) Determine the amplification factors for the no translation, M,, member effect; C,, =0.6-0.4(M,/M,) C,, =0.6—0.4(43.9/87.8) = 0.4 a ‘American Institute of Steel Construction