20th BLUEBOOK KEY

• Every footnote must end with a Full Stop.

• Every abbreviation must have its letters separated by periods. However, there are
exceptions
For Eg: AIR, SCC, SCJ.
• Only difference between Blue Pages and White Pages is in the typeface. For Blue Pages,
we underline and italicize. For White Pages, we use Small and Large Caps.
• Although italicized has been used in these examples, underlining would also be
appropriate in ‘Blue Pages’ citations.
• Multiple authors in books and journals to be separated by ‘&’.
• Tip: Nothing is underlined in a statute citation. "Section" is indicated by the "§" symbol,
the plural of which is "§§"
• Versus is always written as ‘v.’
• Id. should be underlined or italicized. Tip: The "i" in "id." is only capitalized when it
begins a citation sentence. The period is also always italicized or underlined.
• Signals like ‘See’, ‘See also’ are to be underlined (in blue pages) and italicized (in white
pages). (There should be a space between the case name and the signal. If both of them
are underlined, there should be a break in the underlining.)

1. CASES

Blue Pages

• Underline or italicize the case name.

• Case name, citation, paragraph/ Case name, citation, paragraph.

Example- Jackson v. Metro. Edison Co., 348 F. Supp. 954, 956-58 (M.D. Pa. 1972).
Union of India v. Hari Prasad, AIR 1987 SC 786.

White Pages

• Case name, citation, paragraph (denoted by ¶).

Example- Jackson v. Metro. Edison Co., 348 F. Supp. 954, 956-58 (M.D. Pa. 1972)
Union of India v. Hari Prasad, AIR 1987 SC 786.
2. CONSTITUTION

Blue Pages

• Name art. Article no. clause (denoted by §).

Example: N.M. Const. art. IV, § 7.

White Pages

• Name (In small caps). art. Article no. clause (denoted by §).

Example: N.M. CONST. art. IV, § 7, cl. 4.

3. STATUTES

Blue Pages

• Title Section (denoted by §), Section of the Code (Year).

Example: Administrative Procedure Act § 6, 5 U.S.C. § 555 (2012).

White Pages

• Title, No._ of (Year), INDIA CODE (Year), volume no.

Example: Banking Regulation Act, No. 10 of 1949, INDIA CODE (1993), vol. 15.
Industrial Disputes Act, No. 14 of 1947, INDIA CODE (1993), vol. 13.
CODE CIV. PROC. § 9.

4. BOOKS

Blue Pages

• Author’s Name, Name of the book (underlined) page number (year).

Example: Deborah L. Rhode, Justice and Gender 56 (1989).

White Pages

• Author’s name (in small caps), Name of the book (in small caps) page number (year).
Example: DEBORAH L. RHODE, JUSTICE AND GENDER 56 (1989).

5. PERIODICAL MATERIALS

Blue Pages

• Author’s name, Title (underlined), Citation Page Number (year).

Example- David Rudovsky, Police Abuse: Can the Violence be Contained?, 27 Harv. C.R.-
C.L.L. Rev. 465, 500 (1992).

White Pages

• Author’s name, Title (italicized), Citation (in small caps) Page Number (year).

Example-David Rudovsky, Police Abuse: Can the Violence be Contained?, 27 HARV. C.R.-
C.L.L. REV. 465, 500 (1992).

6. INTERNET RESOURCES

Blue Pages

• Author (if any), Title, Institutional owner of domain (date, time), link.

Example: Eric Posner, More on Section 7 of the Torture Convention, Volokh Conspiracy
(Jan. 29, 2009, 10:04 AM), http://www.votokh.com/ posts 1233241458.shtml.

White Pages

• Author, Title, INSTITUTIONAL OWNER OF DOMAIN (date, time), link.

Example-Eric Posner, More on Section 7 of the Torture Convention,VOLOKH CONSPIRACY

(Jan. 29, 2009, 10:04 AM), http://www.votokh.com/ posts 1233241458.shtml.

7. TREATIES

Blue Pages/White Pages

Example: Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, Japan-U.S., art. X, Apr. 2, 1953,
4 U.S.T. 2063.