We Powe erroley y Malaria cont. ~tMalacia. ctisgnosis using Ropicl-immunectiagnostic sheip esis are based on he delection of Ag(MRP2) - Misting rich protein 2 or specific PLOM P Parcsite lactate _clenydirogenare.. _ + Both, antigens roduaet By.the parasite luring, their grourth roultiplication io RBCs Genetica. Factors thot. _prokect against malaria: —..l: Lacking. of the ALE. blood... group: en bnwectod the pac asite: t_attach, to the RBCs, if, aot _-founel parasite. cart attach L. Pvivax rarely seen in west africa because. of this a 2:HO genotype HbAs oe ae cal fate , are profectee! against severe _-falciproen. matarta_(alis...removed. early by Spleen). - oem “3 Newborn Infants byt cont. of Hb F. Coot suitatolYor P-faleisruen) “4 Beta Tha lassoomio: Tact Ly pmkection agaicst severe infection. 5. G6PD. eficiercy : Scanned with CamScanners ; 7 Methods of Soanting malaria. .pacsite : \y The. plus. systern. |= 10 parasites —» per 10d hick blood ‘filtn fest) ay (l= loo Parasites —s per 100 thick -filen folds $4 I= 199.. parasites —» per one thick film fied HYIQ_) PBasites —y per _le beds eS Ly Thin blood _filen coming ‘/: of. infected RBCs In ANI films, count RBCs__coorrt ye nember of infected. ones. oy.5.=_/. of infeckd RBC (not thick films — betause RBC not. found). & Drug_.resistence of mated ste Resisiarce y Pace that. will _suwive 4 routiply. despre treatment _usile drug. elose__thatnocoally cures them. 2 L,3 levels of dg. resistance » a CFD oo VF RT + fotlousing, trecterent ,..pacsitenia 0 ccors . QR. FT, parasitemia is recluad but no clearenw. clsacs, but. reerudents__ 3 RIL: FT, no reduction of povastiemio. - be changed. a 9 .clrugs. shout _.be__chang Per Einabe oF poropy.—towvercome. | lela resistance -.... - RT. com. be. overcomacl by F dos: Scanned with CamScanner% Arrkenalacia therapy, treortmant._ + = ts Blood __acbizeniioal anugs 5 “oct on n_osextuall alnags : LActesunote + Sulacloxine_+ Pyrimetharnine wen Fits tine in. Sudan... 2. Tissue _schizontica! ngs > act ON liver stages : hypnozoites. | ~ 48-amioguinoclone Primaquina” (For vivax £ Poa). — | cg bs ..dwelop__hamolysis on GPP. cleficieney : 3- Gametociclal clnags : clestoy gamutocyes . Ly B-amnioguincclone "Primaguine” jer gametorytes. of. H Species. Scanned with CamScanner¥Secious _ — infection “senbeg _ loxoplosm gone 8 eee - eoeciclian protezoon ingectis Of alt akects | moony ONMeNONS ZONASIS + Occurs. ana 0-5-4 billion are infected... Most _ human. infections. are Asyra prtomartic... eS : — Ieportance. : - |. serious, 4 often fatal. oppoctonistic toxoplasma. inciting especially inl m 2 >» Most infections are due to reactivation ae cyst & lewautence infection with > geockis cud to Ache. POCASHHEMLA._.can_ couse sev re. damage +b she _ -fefus (durrg, ‘pregnarey). % Cats are the main. .clefinitive hosts, excrete Shin feaas - Man; anienals. & roctems are intérmectiote hosts. X Mocles_ of. “Transmission: tlogestion of _socysé_ tho Goramonest:) of infected. rat. Cunclor cenked oc cee a contexining cyst. 06 tathyeoites) =e 40S lacenten ( ransraissind (. V-serous_cludini P rgra 4. fee A trans, Scanned with CamScanner% Clinical Fecctures + a deinfechons. _are spl either as asgmyphurn abt! ~0f_ASsociated with _ self TIN sins ptocac: (cotel-life) G Fever? | malaise aie — - = 2. Lympha cathy in Seen — ae retaudenaigel oo aa = Patents se 2. Con enital “foxoplasmos ie be wernt CY rE gnNanc “cliseases Like yarouphalus, miceo cephalus f Me NiNg|eNGPAALLENS . 84 SMUNO COMP. AMA: ed. “poctients_ HIV/AIDS + ola ton of of fe % Diagnosis » J + Acute infectons clanased _ by i Asolecting_7 gonclit Jeon blooel , CSF (trophozoite)... efi fheult to inocu torte 1 into mia ' Senolagicattey roost a Sabin = feldrian _elye “fest uses. live. troprozoite , ELISA ; |HA, IFA,CET ore used Japonicona. has + ONCho me fania Scanned with CamScanner: Roquirernents fe tonsmission + I Comaminertion a . , : f der wrth viohw 2.. Presence of wo. aes Vioble eggs host (énael) ¢ ter... fos bites inter jalo . : pauaee environmental — conclition » Ys Human exposure +o. wy coniaini the _infechve __s rage ac ins 4. Tau thed - peneivede athe. sKin Life cycle: ___eniees the ‘beeonags Schistosomuta. circulation Sy Macky cS: Penetates the loses ies Acc. L O77 TP TTIIATIVAIVIVVAG. i EPP rT TPT et Ted cycle e.. micacidusy /rriches porocyste sheen {spores genratin) CHS otiyn) Scanned with CamScanner* Symptoms & signs are clue +o + ANIC Aci dlum __y. infective, stage cto. snails —> leisons, — ap ee Ore “parti re eas ce = os “Of cthe__. chsease in _geners| alepends, on” the voren Wourclea , reaction o, one host —syster 4 _ tocation of he culhich aretremain _ cause fhe Potoway « Pathogenesis, | Pathotoge iy 2) offs sensi. —3 3. progressive etages In she _ pathologic. shq Stage of migration ¢ mocduration a. Deeniton 4 clischarge of €995 SI 3°07 [es _ Stage of : migration crtura Gon Dermatitis > Associated nei-th penetration cercarwe 4 Swinamers itch; in..the._lungs , ocute ophilta.. Conighe pass_un- -nohied in enclemic areas +), ao ve feaAcHen. AD _rétained eggs . jaf, Heostion 5 We “pe Rane compli. Scanned with CamScannersheic. Passage through. a blacicler in S- chesmatiene | Cousing 4@rminal 7 homeduria 9 ah cha bfrequency of. Weinaction Sa ales = ~S-}0 1 > Givin | rise to. > ctiaches, a blowely feats. + Serious effects of! schistosorvudsis maint sue to issue reaction tp. _teogped eggs. 7” Cloveloprnent Of. the edouloma.. oe 4 coe £ giact —c1lls, PAPAL 425_. esinophle aeeged “Concentric Fashioo _ —ercune! tng egg. ~enlargement..of... liver g 2 ey ~ liver” oe (symeners.__pipestern. fibrosis) ~ Porat ee ~ Bleecti Coophagea|. Yatteos. _(Hoematen neSis) | can ne ae if REb... Areored ~ Ascites in demminal sages. of. =the clisense , Can couse fale OES)... Ale... ~ CONN PRESS £01 sapneges £ f LA can re “fawiel. thee sieges. | ———. Scanned with CamScanner+ Geanuloma nese the. uretecic_orifices baeting +40 obstructive Uropothy_ Where... the. ucetec. cluiates acting to hyclroureter hyctronephrosis. {. Kiclney failure ~ + Blackler. cancer. Kidrey. stones _aszociodecl... with inetion. in Certain. endemic. areas. dui io long ae infection, 7 | wo Lb conte deeotedl. 10. these slaps. ! + Bhdeler cancer esp x lab- Diagnosis. s / “L Uinacy “Schistosomiasis a “incling the chacoclecstic. 84 of S- a WO UINe +. 4 ~pale ellow VOL = IYS X BS fr €99-with, terrning.( Spine. tn = ~ recoramenctecl___4echnic toalad (3) Centrifugation — ID mnt. of..ucins d. —RKarning deposit cb) Filtration kchoigue >. More. sensitive a & accurate . 2. Detection of eggs io. blacieler mucosa biopiy. 3: Other Finckngs ~ Hosmer» enmens : ~ Profeinurias Frequent. ~ esinophils in uring Esinophi lacie) as esinophil ca. iN bofbec} Scanned with CamScanner5S. Viabi i 9.) |__of _e : ee cat IF voici SE flame calls in noiracicuny Cb) Using 1% ruphan blue». take _up.the. Staui fe blue. A). Hatching test. if-e vi hatches when. it ef apatite Reaches..wader “releases mnivacidum Ly Intestinal” Schistoso, tL Fincting, schistosome ss —pae..yellow, Beow eS Fiaeg Be Oval | lateral sping ~ reconnnnancdtad__Aechnigues.. 4 ©) ctirect_stool examination: ) cond technique (Frome! gel) ©) Kato- katz technique -s quantitative SS mectifed kalo technique... 3. Serological - oe ee Valwble in. pice motogi cal Stuelice . pt afi OF na o4 “Blood Gsinephitia -—ty of S..nnansoni.9gs.: Ng Ft of -feocal specimen Scanned with CamScannerie “In rnivedd, infections. , . e 1g 5 of both S2 mansoni. .& S: haeenoctsoinen Can_loe..found. rine _& oneal a.ecnarobiven..e9gs can be detected! in urine ¥ Drug treatment: ~Dnug_of choice fer ali.Sthisinsoma species: Praziquante( (bi tircicle close 1s. YO mg /KG.. oat) Single _oca.l.. “rosé. * Disarvagnages of inn nunediagnastic TOSts + I Give no. incticaction of Infection in-ensrhy hequish beloreen, post ores: ee igecoon -—3+_NOt species..spec Ye Most require. high fechriolog y 5. AVE. until. 3 “monrhs after infection (delayed). — ae Repeated Stool. sannples may be requirecl clue. inteemittent lis charge of ©99s in Stool ——. a Scanned with CamScannerwon Nemartocles » Roonel Worms, «cylinclerical., unsegmnen-ee| digestive tract... = - ie s Worms Ore Coverec! by. fough skin. (cuticle) + Sexes aie Separeed females are longer than Males. (mates are. Cutvedl.__verrally) . + Females. are__ either Vivi Parous of OMPAFOUS Ly viviparous» aniqreate clevelop into a young VOavel yellos . anional. insite the mother. 7 Ly OviparOUs + anicnals that do aot — bt eee any einkayonic cloveloprnent. _ insicte the. | mother, : - ee + Nennactocles complete their _life_c cLe__in_one_hes.t. except... .-filacia L__nennectoctes. Chey —neecl.a_seconel host; flies, ) 2 The. host. io reainly_huenan/man... { [1 Intestinal Nematodes; wAscaris. Gh), Ancyfostonna Gid Nectar Americans _ -U)_ Strongy loleles _ Stercot 0.7 ithuris.trichuca OD. Enlerobsus.vecen! cuilaris_ Scanned with CamScannerPIMOS of -thenns, -Art_.._Soi l= transmuted wo con: ME. geoheleniihs. except " Enierobius Vereniculacis. UG, Parasite needs tine to Aevelcp in scil-to 1 become infective 780i! troesmite! in men; fakes 1] a all } MOMS, common in sreas with, Poor __ sanitation... wAscans‘lumbercoides are transmnitice! ingestion Of. . mature. e998... (ne fresh). The. hook. 7 wore “Ancylostonna__cuodenale Nuctac __amenicans.u are -by penetration. of. skin by lacvae. Soil_, €Sults in Hthing_. | pRicles _Sleccocalis__owe___-kansmittec! ekorion of Skin. by lanae (in soil), ~ ~-TRI chuds__ -trichhuca —-tansenited by. ingestion —~Of.-marture..2ggs__(neeels_spil_-for__nceke — eoonttins ).: r-Enterobius vermnicularis js _-rangmittec/ ingestion of | mortuce 2995 (ia flats, con be _ alice E ferry Wel to another, _ €99_roatures, Shorter Deed soll, - eel s ely. stakes. 30. mins. = hove , eggs are in bee! Sheets... p4ching_i0_ perianal._area.. doesnt Cause _ «Hook worms _ anemia. because they suck... lolooc . Scanned with CamScanner. causes ; Ascariasis + Common. soil. transmitted! _halmiath — + Aclutt worre is crea L_white_in_ eeges! larges+ intestinal _nerhatedes (25 OWves — bicty cho. €9gs.. “Transmission. £995.in _afovel. Oc_comtarninacte soil, = = -Parasie has lone HR in. human. ~ bed ‘ Clinical _Feotures + I Stage of _ migration oF the Astacs -peeumoni ‘loeftients aes 2: Stage of _aduct._worrn 7 Abclominal pain com plicabrons 3 Cin chitdeen) 1 = The | worn may be iets 2 ge Ly very. séfious ialest Scanned with CamScanner° Diagnosis: fe By -fincling _cthe..egg.._or adutt worn in foecs 2. Dernonsication of Hhe larvae in sputum ~—Gucing singe of _nnigqntion.. 2 ae —Esicophitia__. + Fecflized egg: oval /aund., Yellous- brown’ with a = Wa couted. byalpunoinous.. coat: . rosea ini rel, cE ae EP. Scanned with CamScannerNemectocles Hookworme. _ elncludes 2 nenedtocles Species: _I- Ancylostoma dluodenate _ 2+ Nectar es + Hookwomn. infection is the_. human helmiathic infection (ofter___as Advtt norms are about. | em k Buccal cavi ‘ efuipped oath. teeth , A cuodecale ly Cotting pices: + Acute wore lives inn tne Small. imtestine f give, en to eggs (abler_ = Setliaatinn) -The larvae Will hotel a the soil. (when _.69g motes. - STransmis sion + By pene the. filariforen larvae , AO Ae Smoot —_imestin ae ae cycle: -Requsees ne f ; Cosa Mon foiled eg released _ Not “tha “infective ~ Siler cg takes lo mature er : Soul Scanned with CamScannerFL. penetrates the _ cubcvfanecus stsewe f entecs blood vesseis reaches lungs vie blood often passing throsgh Ae Neack- - : am - OOK igs dciney pene Woes 2 enter Pom, the alveoli, erachs the bronchi» Hachea, larynx, Prargox:: {an be swatiowed.. 0g aio. enteing the ceeprogis £ stomech 2 nen iodd___-the___ small intestine the lawae matures into oy Worms (nate f -fernalas) _ Con fertilize eggs f release (€ in sol —peneeeion Ground leh, Oleematitis. wars Stage of migration hough the lungs + 5 noe mg 3 C3] ge af adult wors in intes-tne : __Alb.domical.cliscomfoct , anorexia, nausea , “Yomrtiog_d_cliairhoa lron ae anenta 3 Scanned with CamScannerAdult. Adunctenala «» torsos DIS Adult: Nectar —> eDiagnosis a ~~ Chelute, Tins} [2] Blood exarni nati ~microcytic hypo chron A eS esinophi tic, 2(S€2n__ ie. ot _heloniotns) ly €99 Characteristics + ~Coloudless. with shin _shett . =JOVGL in shape (WB- 65 jaa) cates ~ Contains —_seqmentecl ovunn CH= B cett stege) ly hook worn can be Aifferentiate! by buccal ~ Cavity... = = — = Strongyloicles Stercoralis ~Adutt- wren lives a Staal ike AD. - Fermole i8 Qeem long. Mucosa. _(OVO-vivipadous). sthey, Jou 99S. therk___Sdon lacvoo__ thot escape (Rhoriteforn lavae) No egg.¢ in oe lOrvoe (RLY Scanned with CamScanner*ThOnseniesion « Of +he WOKS. TRe_ wore can Stage. no _neeel_ for Lorn plases. KE _cycle_ Ski, Usitin = Bisons has individvals _ aay Perianal_ ski Features ab anay..infections — Otusre infections... Chronic » Clinical loecorne * place. A Anfection: @. ‘skin > Gfoune!..Geeh Cb) lungs 9 Cough + wheezes (2) abelomin ji @ledominal pain. 2A Cet bo Hurnans, are. ineeteel_by Sienilar an. _ouko ingecion Ing Cb) Imestine—y, Weeegcte “os, hook o MUP in ne free Huing host Pate Parasite.) ~ I .Nérhore: CYCIe 4 In..whtch cathGek she || come pont either ley + ose ay enptoma te . esowe__ or - “ae z auto infection bakes (B).Cntonie. \nfection : 08). SKin —5 larvae - cusrens, Cereeping ecuptin) charocten'shics, clue to the. mnigration of the _lorave sthmbugh, “ihe ‘Skin cluriag out tg loose — too |_or clinerhog Scanned with CamScanner(3) Hyperinfection Sypelrome + woteurs = dung reclucacl - . host. eg: cocticostenioicl _ tranreenenst ) ~ Fecriures _Inclucle_: Sev blooct _cliasrhw bacterial peaitonttis Gre septicinnia _ other Ibaderal Pe «Lab CLiagnosi : 5 L-Direct Stool — rniceoscoe he larvae 2 Stool rniceoscopy... after cents fiugatino.. B+ TDuodlenal asproite,...(emienntest) 3 4 Gerolegy EUSA, Concornroon ) Trichucis. “Trichivea a (Whip Wome) + couses + trichudesis sHansmission Sy, togestion of the ..cnodtuce. she ._sebl. = oe fe ee stot iofecks the _ lage “Ie The — olischacged! _. 99. in feaes.. is not_ infective - “he _ lowae "prigeases 19 reluasedl in The _coecrimn A they rignatt. “within tre roucosa 7 cibinner + mature _aclatts + anterior hail case barrel Shape with, pug at ath role. Scanned with CamScanneree 2 Clinical Fecthures 2. ~ (A) B8Y enpernen 2 Diagnosis + i I Shoal exoemination - Exinninestion _-for__adult _vsocen 3: Significact _ esinopkirta Nv ‘Eoterobius — Vermiculacis (ern 2 Pin worm | threact worm | Seat worn. sot a. soul —tadsmitted! helminth. “enne r€ Comme nin Chileleen than _actutts. + Colouiless egg, flaténecl at one. sicle _D= shape. + TTransenission.+ ingestion of infective eggs feo hours after cleposdtion.. Worn. nigra tp._.the__ rectum. pass.out OF: are anus toi their. eggs on the.pedonal INE. 5. £99 .5...Arenct _.Macessorly._-foone) n, the “eggs ore Sticky they. sich. >. the is mortore \n Weed sheets Leds fe hous). Behing _ort “Pentinal orca ceieersing €49-_ Scanned with CamScanner+ Auto infection _: ingesting — athe infective _ gas. fen he perianal arco. emigrate, 2 intestine (through oral 2+ Scratching _ 3+ Secondary paceial infection, ~ WES i. ane arppendine __can_ = Oppendiitis 7 oe + Diagnosis : j 1 Detection of worn. in peacnal area 2. Demonstration of eggs in -feaces 3 Scrapin. Peranal area with Nt Swab. of Seltotape chip inthe. pogening. before» | the chitd — opes > the bothvvom|eteidat 4. Pronounced / Elovoted.esineprilio [1g é. Scanned with CamScanner, a | : I iysue — Nervus-tex 185 —— ._ Filarial_woras 4 + TWO. groops...ofartvoped oorne worens that tive Subcutaneous Reve, Connective._tissue Hee or -rocly.covities in a-lymphatic anera : + Adutt worms give. birth te ——» larvae (rricrofaters _ . Yiviparcus *Common. Species. that. affect rman 4 cause disease: 1: Wuchereca_bancrofti 2+. Brugia malay! (fbi posasite a. loa. 4y loa 1: Onchocara. Volvolus.... ¥ skin parasite = ee ioe Species...incude 2. 5: Mansonalta.. Persians 6. Mansonetta Ozzardi Ties Strep tocerca, Serious. Of MF varies greatly in number thawghout a | ah Pedect . This “greatty affects the" best time to take _lotood for examination. 4: Noaturnal periodictty —5 MF appears in great: —Lfummber Of, night With. peak... OF lupe 5 time. -for_tolooel__sampte.. ‘ Diurnal. Periodicity —> MF appeas in great OES OOuy. Heme are = . 1, l@a loa Redodte ———— >: oppetusatelay f° night . enoet 3+ Non- Scanned with CamScannerby perivetici canbe atierec! buy: periods of ‘Sleep for a week, ~ pores + ‘Diagnosis : oe aS . Ly mainty by:fiecting the _lacval_stage _(microftlacta,) In bloocl or Skin , charactenstics. of . micrfilada: Olepercis on + 7 |: Presence_ot Qlosence sheath, & ~ 2 Prcorgement.. Of. quctel_ v. D+ Site: blood or Skin- ME Chocactenstics & exannps [sheathed ME_|Nutie: to-rpofire SES SEC TP | Skin ME : [is aces Toulon We banewgtt | M-sheptocera, ®. malay /M-perstans M-azzacchi - | [bse wa Ds malas Onchocera Vowok Lyonp phatic Filaciasis. CRancroftian Filadasis) . Morphology. adults nO: _ larva (MF) {we 9 Ake lolood , oftet. Rr tteaten, = oppeac St. lame. /-numiber ot NQHE- fan waly Adutt. Scanned with CamScannerLs larvoe CMF). = Lite caue oth ~ porosite...iS transmitted by frat mosquitos. which. loelongs. tos Culex, Anopheles , Aedes P ao nce : wane UMFECENE. “lana, spenetcodes the. skin when the Mosquito takes| supplies bloed for meal. —We.lawae grows. & bexormnes | ME in the cet ae Ayrnphstics... _ in dished: Clinical Features + a Ly depends. on...stie.,.. number of... worms. , erga et _infection 4 inwnnune __sesponse- me Symptoms + é .. Fevec soa recshuohon enlarged. Lyonpin. gores _- fnydrocele : Gleprantiosis % Completions, pacts Pt te _ Ds tUction...of \ynopinoties. of tthe. Srna intestine —Tuptore...igcto. the renal pelvis WD MEaKOQe of 6 > urine... ushich using « Scanned with CamScannerslab liagnosis : $-— 1b. by -fiocting__ the _shvathed. ME z -being. collected at the night Wet — lolooel freporasion emg Me) 2 Tick tooo filed a Cate of oe eXaminactinn, of. Cleposé 5: Exannina-tion of Lo by, ——enbrifugotion, 6. Sevtogy Fe Blood eSinophilia. Oe Oe © Tropic cl Patera eee RE) ||: ° _Sypevome of Inanaune legh cal. MF in the lunas elt occurs with — low for _jYmpratic. Filenass.. Patent... presents. with _¢ esinoprils, © ' . + High titres of filacial antilooct TRE. 5. classical example. found in Hoe__lbloodl ~p four 0.ck frequency in areas _enclemic —... Loalos_ fe scouses_ lolats 5 cal + Distibutiong in forest: atch. + Adults. worms. ti (eye _sulocony Scanned with CamScanneres Pies tte A cl . Femates are Ce ae Ni fed je tot} bie Fansmnigsion ley 3 insect chi Ag 9-ehtysops _. horsefly . * Couses "| Calaber Snetbing ear —> causes, Skid _ allergic Swettine) thet last few days. Scanned with CamScanner2 Tissue. _Nemotnde. v Hos _ great * The. iefection.. equatodal Afr «Insect... borme__infeckion » Morpinolog.y—. " L Adult woms live. & in 6Kin nodule - 2 a a Ly Miciofitadafoorel._ien soe. _5 Bosheadioad blunt tool 8 pointed out Fol aucwi a Ye Aip. of the tate & non. u foond in -tne Blood (Sample. .can be taKeo. st. a - nts) Life cycle: es Se Ly “Transmission : Gu, insect... Simuliunn Damnosuor - “tolack fly J ae A length ss ee In; Mates _, 4 cms Femates_, 50.cms + \nfective. laws ..penetvotes._-the__ Skin __when__a_tolack. Fly dakes 0 blood meal , betornes on actult worn in the. subcutaneous ctistve , the acluit. fermalt worna proctuces microftlota below. the.isucface___of-_-he Skin. ros «tne * lock: Puy then ingests ib Scanned with CamScannerClinica Feats ~ Incubation period feccuces._ ore. causeel - maint -.. MAGHONS AMINE tne domnagect. net ~—by_ main _-features_: , Ls Formation. i le 2. Dermitis with Hching 4 Scratching 3. Seconclacy bacterial _ infections. i = Blinclness lef lamnencstory Feaction. of te eye, oo leaeting to cornet ( sétinal sion _ by inflarnnnater microfilato . ~ s Lal dicanosis: 1 By. i che __neicccilariae___ ny SKio__ snips ~ ABy._fineling athe odutt..worms in. skin nodules ¢ ier open they relectse . onchocerona) _ 3... ESinopnitia a ~ N+. Serolagiat test: cross reactions may, Occur. §. Pee - = Mozzouis _4est; . Patient Is__given 5SOmg_ of. DEC ; Diesny ~Oxbarneein DEC.Kie the ME = A SKin, neoction is, reported. within Quy hour. Not used Boynnone.. because tts oldf . Scanned with CamScanner-—-.-Pyameculus Medianende (asl) _ C&vinea worn dT Medina Worn) -lissue__Neme-tocle. e. Comaining Cyctops AL weer: crecsiive ) + Femoate..io up-to meter | in. length... tha larvae iS__S00_-=/00 unr with a ~~ Pine cola! -fatl aller ferhiaatte «Clinicas Features > | Pain. - 2, Mergic Reaction 3. Fever a Secondary bacteaal infection . . Diagnosis i. _— an by Anding...th adult. dor 2 BY. floding.the._lawvae. she epictennic WHE O Areas, portionts resistance is_f Scanned with CamScanner_C estodes: ee ee ee Jape worms” % Feabres of tape worms le ~~ -L Tape. like _segeserted _woims "flat! wim. 2. Eody__made. £ ead. & Segments ._ : Head equipped. With suckers ¢ sometiones. hicks. Theyre — heer phevetite. Yo. alimentary Canal seria Saginata_ _ (beef tape worn) *commenest: aenia Sdlium _ Cpork tape worm) _ i H ne€nolepis mans. eon = [Pe Worm ) Thinwcecus .GyaqulOsus _ Agere worn). , 5 Diphyllabethclim ‘atone “Ci tape worn) . 1+ Taenia Seghota.. + worldwide disinibobion. a Ls transmission. by. .€ating..oWw oF Jnasicient. --beef__comiding__lavwa...(Cysticerus._ bovis) » About 5-10. “meters in lengtin. consists — its head _ “ (seolex) up to. 2,000. segments. (proglotticls) . » Head. Cquippeel with _.Y “suckers “4 “no hooks te attach te the wall = Ny cooked! = animal = PATOsi in \awa form. Gace Scanned with CamScanneree ee + Cysticerci ingested Wn undexcostad _ HneDL + “©, Human Host ~cysticerci____ingestel_¢_ottoches._-t0 a ~ Becomes__enstue tapeworms _ (hecmaphrod o& # geri seqpnen's_._passec!_in__feaces, ee & €9gs__ceach osoundl_ubere the aninaly_ )_ Arinnad, * Cltle for Trsagnota / Pig fo e995 qpoceed 7 a + embryos. carried _ 0. muscles by. clevelops into infectve __ cysticerce. % Clinical _ manifestotions:, = -intestinal Manifestations. are__ Ustiall a ar a Segments mar appear. 3. feaces J se opto € me Syniplorns.. anatfSinclude a Lrolbdomirst "pains _ te th ls wath ol t aaaanraaaranaaaaaaaagaaaaa aS of appetite. 3. cliawhea 4. nausea. [ee ee = he ee Scanned with CamScanner“Diagnosis: “ae ~Bycetec ~£9g8.|mior in_fe ~eggs.of T-saginata & T.sotivme - Ko Ore. ineltshinguishable.. by Thus to tOke._a_specific _altagnosis: nd dutt. worm has. hood.» the presence _ Of hook distinguishes T'Saginata fron sdlliom (sdlttum has hboke while both hove __ suckers.) 2. Gravicl seqmnents.: pressed between j ne Mtordscopic.. Slides. , count ahe_nunmbec ae : lateral. podies nee BT saginata: has more thon | 7 : locteral branches while T. Sollium shes less than 13. ¥ Cysticercosis p Disease... cavsed lawal. stage.of, TTsouiuw _due_-o_ingestion__of_2qp9 in. fc, cleinks __¢ comarineda hands _ wit Spence clad : A : bp Te saginote.- —lawal. stage._Ceysticercus _celtulos iSSuc_q muscles. mosc serious -the_brain, may —leod. -to_epilepsy. subcutaneous. nodules: Scanned with CamScanner21Diphy lebrlictug, latun._ aa eal — “anideley distributecl /Troremission Lot. larva - -pectcenetia a —tndercnoted Bch Ly adutt no easures _ _up_se. segments. “ €49s are Produced passed in fexces, equiped wit. operculunn. (id -We_ Apecingy|— “Symptoms : 4 dP GIT > wees amy. “Treatment. “Praziguactel a (3) Elymendep. nana Cdwad tape worn! smallest. apenorrn in__.mon... (d= Y ero, j00 -O% _segmnen «Transmission : by ingestion of eB. SEEN. in mest a” — children. ~ Lym Tropemission. I lageston. of oe fi Scanned with CamScannerst life Cyete. ingestion of eggs by feacorat’ route. Emloyos hatch , pentreue villi. of smatt + imestive 2 become oy Hicercorcle (larva) The cypticercoicks become. a 06. ye_topeworms Ego released fiom _¢ passed in foes. some | aa = “Faeces containin sek egy, contaminate the environment=rclivect Life cycle hats why cs =a a COMIN + Clinical Feotures + . 7 vit a USUOLLY_Osymptomnate __ eos ¥ague:! alodominal.. pain... ao +, Diowhea 1.32. Novsea. 7 Zu mete 4 ML. ONMOWRGHOD.WIS COMMON _- Diagnosis: oF i i By findiag chowereristic. eggs in feaces. Scanned with CamScanner(U) Echinococeosis Granulosus - ,aadee + Hyclotticl. cliseases I Echinococose_| [ Hyciidosio + .clog_dape__wornn .—>..infection__ 2eono%e - ¢ . ahs. i the__olefinitive:_ host. 3% din the intestine. OF the doy. @ man, sheep, cod veemidlnls goat ave. the_int ‘a host. (lana as @ gee _ 4 + Tranemizsion : 4 An 290: 4 2.\n dogs 4 4 Lyman ie dead _end.__host, ree Ly adutt worm; : -small., Satan, aa -with only. 324 segenents..,Ane_end OVE.) -mmotune. ' H elotid cyst (Iaeva)__5_consiets inated “lager....4. inner... germinal ‘ | from 4 ceninal Layer, br0od _ ceipsules.. : pe lace i -. inside. with profoscoles form . oy Broad ules oo beak ae oe Lprotoscoleces in cyst iS Scanned with CamScanner+ Disease: + Infection can pate. sevo symptoms , cle eee ——0n_ sh oe of the eo f fe a aeweleps. in. tne liver, 801. inthe = he pest! are, in rare sites eg: + Clinical feeiotes : bt Painfal enlargement of che liver is na s grout of ~ 3 Si nsptoms. of brain tum, 4. Edne pain. or Spefaneus fracture ( pecan |. SO, tisve. S$. “ha the cyst may Cause Nap yj lai shock ~ - sages 5 dltagnosed clinically with the assistance of toed 4 other ienaging techniques. Direct ‘Diagnosis a 7 Alndirect alia 1 ~ Possible only, if we {ook ~Secology toned 1 for {phos = Detection of airculotin 1 When, the. cyst is. fennoved by. _ Abo » Operation. ~ Histolojeal exonicotin. » Aspiration Of sysh should not S Haat ogo Mogrsis 4 de.one for hiognootic. purposes, -leakoge_.naay. Gane ‘anaphlactic _Shod Als, ae cone. Pr sneorteoent-- Scanned with CamScanner