The large neck was filled with an extensive system of weight-saving air sacs. Brontosaurus, like
its close relative Apatosaurus, had tall spines on its vertebrae, which made up more than half the
height of the individual bones. The shape of the tail was unusual for diplodocids, being
comparatively slender, due to the vertebral spines rapidly decreasing in height the farther they
are from the hips. Brontosaurus spp. also had very long ribs compared to most other diplodocids,
giving them unusually deep chests.[9] As in other diplodocids, the last portion of the tail
of Brontosaurus possessed a whip-like structure.[8]

Restoration of B. excelsus.

The limb bones were also very robust.[9] The arm bones are stout, with the humerus resembling
that of Camarasaurus, and those of B. excelsus being nearly identical to those of Apatosaurus
ajax. Charles Gilmore in 1936 noted that previous reconstructions erroneously proposed that
the radius and ulna could cross, when in life they would have remained parallel.
[8]
 Brontosaurus had a single large claw on each fore limb, and the first three toes