UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS

DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA ENERGIA

Y MECANICA
ASIGNATURA: EMEC-A0007
MANUFACTURA ASISTIDA POR COMPUTADOR
DOCENTE: ING. BORYS CULQUI MSC.
202051
 1. Numerical Control Machines
1.10 Numerical Control Machines
1. NC TECHNOLOGY
The development of NC owes much to the United States Air Force and the early
aerospace industry. The first development in the area of NC is attributed to John Parsons
and his associate Frank Stulen at Parsons Corporation in Traverse City, Michigan. Parson had
experimented with the concept of using coordinate position data contained on punched
cards to define and machine the surface contours of airfoil shapes, he names this system as
“Cardmatic Milling Machine”.

The development of NC has relied heavily on advances in digital computer technology.

As computers evolved and their performance improved, producers of NC machines were
quick to adopt the latest generation of computer technology.
 Etapas

• Modelo físico
• Diseño o CAD
• Ingenieria o CAE
• Manufactura o CAM
• Programa ISO
• Configuración de Máquina
• Ejecución

MANUFACTURA
DISEÑO
PART (CAM)
(CAD)

INGENIERIA

(CAE)

Figure 1Basic components of instructions

a. A part program of instructions
It is the set of detailed step-by-step commands that direct the action of the processing
equipment. In machine tool applications, the program of instructions is called a part program,
and the person who prepares the program is called a part programmer.

a. A machine control units (MCU)

Consists of a microcomputer and related control hardware that stores the program of
instruction and executes it by converting each command into mechanical actions of the
processing equipment, one command at a time.

b. Processing equipment
Performs usual work. It accomplishes the processing steps to transform the starting workpiece
into a completed part.

The operations are directed by the MCU, which in turn is driven by instructions contained in
the part program.
 2. APPLICATIONS
The operating principle of NC has many applications. There are many industrial operations
in which the position of a work head must be controlled relative to a part or product being
processed.

a. Machining Process
• Mills
• Lathes
• Drills
• Surface grinders
• Cylindrical grinders
• Wood routers

b. Cutting Process
• Plasma cutters
• Water jet cutters
• Laser cutting
Non-Machining Tool Applications
a. Sheet Metal Work
• Turret Punch
• Bending
• Wire and Tube Bending
• Presses

b. Electric Discharge Machining

• EDM
• Wire EDM (0.05 a 0.2 mm)
Figure 2 Wire EDM
c. Additive Process
• 3D Printing
d. Measuring and Inspection
• CMM

Figure 3 CMM
Other CNC tools
• Hot-Wire Foam Cutters.
• Submerged Welding.
• Knife Cutting.
• Glass Cutting.
• Drafting Machines.

Tarea: Revisar los procesos de manufactura indicados

 3. NUMERICAL CONTROL
Numerical control is a form of programmable automation in which the mechanical actions
of a machine tool or other equipment are controlled by a program containing coded
alphanumerical data.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

1 Advantages

• Non-productive time is reduced

• Greater accuracy and repeatability
• Lower scrap rates
• Inspection requirements are reduced
• Most complex parts geometry are possible.
• Engineering change can be accommodated more gracefully.
• Simpler fixtures are needed.
• Shorter manufacturing lead times (MLT).
• Reduced part inventory.
• Less floor space required.
• Operator skill level requirements are reduced.
2 Disadvantages

a) High investment cost

b) High maintenance efforts
c) Part programming
 4. STRUCTURE
VERTICAL MACHINIG CENTER

Figure 4 Milling Machines

MACHINE STRUCTURE
 Figure 5 Machine

Video assembly: https://youtu.be/1s7tPqFtBRE

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Ejemplo:

Si el tornillo gira 10. 25 vueltas y tiene un paso de 5 mm. Cuanto se desplaza la mesa.
SPINDLE

https://youtu.be/g6ZkF2Vv1S0
LÍNEAR GUIDES AND BALL SCREW
Animation: https://youtu.be/zjXnv5Uzarw

Cálculo: https://youtu.be/ePLNiHttQjM

MOTORS
MCU (MICROCONTROLLER)

Figure 6 MCU
ATC
ROTARY TABLES (4TH-5TH AXIS)
Figure 7 Indexer
FIXTURES – VICE

Figure 8 Fixtures -Vice

CHIP CONVEYOR

Figure 9 Chip Conveyor

PART FEEDER
Figure 10 Feeder