An Analysis of students ability in writing procedure

text at 11 grade senior high school

th

Submitted to fulfill the assignment of "Psycholinguistics" Subject

Lecturer: Luky Tiasari, S. Pd, M. Pd

Farhan Novianto Putra

2017002009
English Language Education
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University
Introduction
Background of Research
Communication are exercises to interaction with other people groups. This exercises

continuously utilize in each viewpoints in our life. Calling, instruction, community, and

amusement are more often than not take numerous communication to urge the reason what

they need to articulations. Hence, based on communication, there are have numerous affect to

our day by day lifes. The affect of communication in our life perhaps not show up more

clearly. For day by day communication, a few times We as it were get the point and not the

meaning on our discussion. Typically since each people groups as it were conversation each

other and not analyze the meaning of the discussion. The discussion in each individuals will

be distinction since a few people groups also have diverse foundations. The foundation of the

people groups are exceptionally distinctive. It'll make somebody have distinctive on confront

their discussion. This will be affect with their speaker or audience in discussion. Agreeing to

this case, the foundation of people groups will be distinctive since their conduct,

environment. So the aim of the researcher in making this research is to analyze how students

can make a text procedure correctly according to what they want and then to understand the

material text procedure. This will be impact with their speaker or listener in conversation.

According to this case, the background of peoples will be different because their behaviour,

environment, and his or her study This paper discusses some theoretical preliminaries for

researchers concerned The generic structure of procedure text is goal/aim,

ingredients/materials

and steps. The language features of procedure text are the use of temporal

conjunction,action verb, imperative sentence and simple present tense.

Vocabularies are the appropriate words that are used in writing procedure text.
 Mechanics consist of punctuation, capitalization and spelling.

Writing is the mental work of investing ideas, thinking about how to express

them, and organizing them into statements or paragraphs that will be clear for a

reader.Hughey, et. al, (1983, p. 34) Writing can also make out ideas, plans, recommendations.

Our values of our comminmets can be shown by others

Procedure text is one of a text genre that is studied by students to be

written. There are two kinds of procedure texts. The first is a text that explains how

to make something and the second is a text that explains how to do or use

something. There are four aspects that should be considered in writing procedure

text. They are generic structure and language features, vocabulary and mechanics.

with the linguistic aspects of the psychology of second-language learning. These theoretical

preliminaries are important because without them it is virtually impossible to decide what

data are relevant to a psycholinguistic theory of second-language learning. This research also

aims to analyze the errors from the work of students who survey through the Google Form

Questionare to find out which error analysis writing needs to be fixed. Contrastive Linguistics

has been defined as “a subdiscipline of Linguistics concerned with the comparison of two or

more languages or subsystems of language in order to determine both differences and

similarities between them”(Fisiak,1981,p.l). Carl (1971) Error Analysis, a branch of Applied

Linguistics emerged in the sixties to reveal that learner errors were not only

because of the learner‟s native language but also they reflected some universal strategies.

This is a reaction to

Contrastive Analysis Theory which considered native language interference as the major

source of errors in second language learning what behavioristic theory suggested. “Applied
 error analysis, on the other hand, concerns organizing remedial courses and devising

appropriate materials and teaching strategies based on the findings of theoretical error

analysis” ( Erdogan 2005).

b. Focus on the research

This study focuses on error analysis of students' work regarding text procedures through a

google form survey and then 7 students will be taken to correct mistakes in their work This

study focuses on error analysis of students' work regarding text procedures through a google

form survey and then 7 students will be taken to correct mistakes in their work and students

have different backgrounds including that they are able to apply english language in their

learning activities

C. significate of the research

The finding of the research focuses on the error analysis text procedure from students who

have worked on the text procedure task. Students hope that the error analysis can be corrected

so that they can know where the mistakes are and in the future students can learn from the

mistakes that the teacher has given which is wrong and do it with good

D. Research Question

1. What are the types of Grammatical Errors produced by the students in writing

procedural text?

2. What are the causes of grammatical errors that the students produce in writing

procedural text?
B. LITERATURE REVIEW

Theoretical Review

A. Writing

writing is an critical portion of dialect learning. It is kind of complex process especially for

non local speakers. Since of the exercises run from the transformation into words that

utilizing the competence structure and coherent organization. It moreover needs control for a

few factors like substance, vocabulary, mechanics etc. Writing is communication medium

without any sound. We use sign and

symbol as the elements for delivering the message. English has the same level for

each skills, included writing. Every single person who studies about English should

consider the important level for mastering the writing. Considering with speaking

ability, writing is in the same level with speaking, we know the term with productive

skill. In English subject, Kumaravadivelu, (2003, p. 227) According to Brown (2001):

“Writing is thinking process of putting ideas down on paper to transform thought into words

and give them structure and coherent organization”.

Text

a. Definition of Text Oxford Progressed Learner’s Word reference expressed that “text

is the most composed or printed portion of a book or page, differentiated with notes.”25And

Longman Word reference of 25 A. S. Hornby, Oxford Progressed Learners’ Lexicon, (NY:

Oxford Applied Etymology stated that “text /tekst/ could be a piece of talked or composed
dialect. A content may be considered from the point of see of its structure and/or its

functions”26.

b. Types of Text There are two sorts of the content, they are:

Literary texts Literary writings incorporate Native Imagining Stories, motion picture scripts,

limericks, pixie stories, plays, books, melody verses, mimes, and cleanser musical dramas.

They are developed to request to our feelings and creative ability. Scholarly writings can

make us chuckle or cry, think almost on our life and considers our convictions. There are

three primary content sorts in this category: account, idyllic and sensational. Media content

such as movies, recordings, tv appears, and CDs can too drop in this category. •

B. Text procedure

Procedure text is a text that explain how to make something or how to use

something. Mark and Kathy Anderson (1998, p.28) said, “Procedure text as a

piece of the text that tells the reader or listener how to do something. Its purpose

is to provide instructions for making something, or getting somewhere. So,

procedure text is defined as a text that explains, tells or shows someone how to do

something, to make something and to get someplace, that have to be done in a

series of sequenced steps. And then Procedure text is one of a content class that's examined

by understudies to be written. There are two sorts of procedure texts. The primary may be a

content that clarifies how to make something and the moment could be a content that clarifies

how to do or use something. There are four angles that ought to be considered in composing

procedure text. They are bland structure and dialect highlights, lexicon and mechanics. For

example text procedural :

How To Make Fried Rice

Ingredients :

1 plate of white rice

2 eggs

Tea spoon of salt

2 cloves of onions

3 cloves of garlic

Chili

Pepper

Cooking oil

Leek

Soy sauce

Tools :

Frying pan

Stove

Spoon
Spatula

Plate

Steps :

1. Prepare a frying pan and pour the cooking oil sufficiently.

2. Heat the frying pan by using a medium flame.

3. After the cooking oil is hot, put the garlic, onion, and chili.

4. Stir all the materials until ripe and fragrant.

5. Put eggs and scramble until cooked.

6. Put white rice and stir until mixed with all ingredients.

Error Analysis

Error analysis (error analysis) focuses on the form (form) of the learner's language, assesses

the language of the learners based on the correct type: omission error (omission), addition

error (addition), selection error (replacement), and word ordering error (error arrangement) )

(Heidi Dulay, et al, 1981: 150) Error Analysis is a type

of linguistic analysis that focuses on the errors learners make. It consists of a comparison

between the errors made in the target language and that target language itself. Error analysis

emphasizes the significance of learners‟ errors in second language. It is important to note

here that Interferences from the learner‟s mother tongue is not only reason for committing

errors in his target language.

1. Omisson

As mentioned before, omission is related to the students’ misunderstanding in the

absence of an item which should be appeared in a well-formed utterance. From the

data which be analyzed, there were found 7 errors of omission made by students. Here

are some errors of omission found in students’ writing

2. Addition

According to the past clarification, expansion is related to the students’

misconception within the nearness of an thing which ought to not be showed up in a

well-formed expression. From the information which be analyzed, there were found

11 mistakes of expansion made by understudies. Here are a few blunders of expansion

found in students’ writing

3. Misordering. Misordering is demonstrated by the inaccurate arrangement of

certain morphemes

4. Misformation. Misformation is demonstrated by the utilize of off-base shapes of

certain morphemes or structures

Previous of research

In this previous research, many have examined An Error Analysis in Writing

Procedural Text

By 11th Grade Senior High School Students

which I took the journal reference from An Error Analysis of Students' Skill in

Writing Procedure Text

1Tuti Rizki Kurniasih 2Dewi Nopita 3Rona Elfiza English Education Study Program

Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University

what distinguishes my journal from the journal that previously analyzed grade 10 and

I analyzed grade 11

Conceptual framework

Procedural text also examines the error analysis of student assignments and the

classification of dulay, which contains omisson addition miss information miss

ordering explanation, explains procedure text sentences and the results examines how

student work should be researched and addressed in writing

Text Procedure

Error Clasificati
Explana Result
Analysis on by
tion
dulay

Omisson Additi Mis Mis

on formatio ordering
n
Bab 3

Research method

The researcher examined students aged 16 years who attended school in Man 3 Bantul

and my participant took my internship at the school for students to fill in the google

form which I shared the link via the WhatsApp group and I only took 7 students

whose writing I examined here is a participant from student man 3 bantul :

1. Adelia pertiwi ( 11 Ipa 2 Man 3 Bantul Student / 16 yo)

2. Fahru nabilla ( 11 Ips 2 Man 3 Bantul Student / 16 yo)

3. Hana Nur Ain ( 11 Ipa 2 Man 3 Bantul Student / 16 yo)

4. Maura Indria Ricchi ( 11 Ips 2 Man 3 Bantul Students / 16 yo)

5. Nadifa Salsa Billa ( 11 Ips 2 Man 3 Bantul Students / 16 yo)

6. Shofiyatul Muniroh ( 11 Ipa 2 Man 3 Bamtul students / 16 yo)

7. Anis Hanifah ( 11 Ips 2 Man 3 Bantul Students / 16 yo)

B. Research design

The method of this research was qualitative descriptive research. According to

Sandelowski (2000), qualitative descriptive studies offer a comprehensive summary

of an event in the everyday terms of those events. In addition, in the qualitative

descriptive data consists of entire passages from documents that are collected and then

the researcher analyzed the data with the students Man 3 Bantul where I took 7

students as analyzing procedural text

C. Data technique collecting

data collection technique using google form share link through whatssapp class

group and students just need to fill in the procedural text they make or what they

like in the form of essays There are many students who fill in. I only take data

from 7 students who have filled out the Google Form for my analysis text

procedure

D. Data analysis technique

one of which analyzes the data technique in the form of 5 stages

1. Collect data

The material provided is in the form of procedural text and explains what

procedural text is and explains it to students before working on it

2. identifying error

identifies students' wrong procedural text errors and analyzes them and then

corrects their right or wrong

3. explaining the error

explains the error in the procedural sentences the students have created

4. Classification error and evaluation

 Bab 3

Finding &discussion

Omisson

No Student writing Correction

1 Pour into a glas, and Pour into a glass, and ready to

ready to drink! drink!

2 After that, fold the eggs After that, fold the eggs to the

to the center and stir center and stir with the

with spatula. spatula.

3 The next step, turn on In The next step, turn on the

the blender and wait blender and wait about 15

about 15 seconds seconds

4 Boil the water using Boil the water using a kettle

kettle
5 How to make a instant How to make an instant

coffee coffee
6 Tea spoon of salt Teaspoon of salt
7 Your fried rice is ready Your fried rice is ready to be

to served. served.

from the table above is an example of 7 students' assignments regarding text

procedure for example Pour into a glas, and ready to drink! which is glass or the

correction Pour into a glass, and ready to drink! for example Pour into a glas, and

ready to drink! which is glass or the correction Pour into a glass, and ready to drink!
and the second example of writing before the first spatula should be the correction of

the spatula the third student assignment which previously contained The next step,

turn on the blender and wait about 15 seconds becomes In The next step, turn on the

blender and wait about 15 seconds and then fourth student assignment before the 3rd

student assignment which previously contained The next step, turn on the blender and

wait about 15 seconds becomes should sentences and then the fourth student's

assignment, namely the previous sentence Boil the water using a kettle and corrected

to Boil the water using a kettle there is an additional letter A in front of the kettle

example of the 5th student in making a text procedure sentence "How to make a

instant coffee" becomes a correction sentence How to make an instant coffee and then

the 6th student made an error in making the previous sentences tea spoon salt tea

without spaces which should be teaspoon salt tea and then the last and the 7th student

who made in the previous procedural text an error of sentences Your fried rice is

ready to served. corrected to sentence Your fried rice is ready to be served.

Adittion

No Student writing Correction

1 Lift the eggs, put on the serving Lift the eggs, put them on the

plate and your scrambled eggs serving plate and your

are ready. scrambled eggs are ready

2 Fourth, mix it together Fourth, mix it
3 Inggredient scisors Ingredient scissors
4 mangkum containing the spices, mangnum containing the

then stir so that the noodles are spices, then stir so that the

mixed with the spices. noodles are mixed with the

spices.
5 .Firstly, cut into pieces the Firstly, cut into pieces the

garlic, onions, and chilli garlic, onions, and chili

6 How to make Cilung How to make Ceiling.
7 Enter Kanji, Maskot And Water Enter Kanji, Maskot ,And

150 have Water 150 .

 Referring to the table above, the researcher found some errors in addition made by

students, for example in the sentence Lift the eggs, put on the serving plate and your

scrambled eggs are ready. and should be a correction sentence Lift the eggs, put on the

serving plate and your scrambled eggs are ready. and then the example error sentence to 2 is

Fourth, mix it together and then the correction sentence becomes Fourth, mix it Example of

the 3rd sentence, namely the error sentence “Inggredient scisors” and corrected to sentence

“Inggredient scissors” example sentence 4th error, namely mangkum containing the spices,

then stir so that the noodles are mixed with the spices being corrective sentence mangnum

containing the spices, then stir so that the noodles are mixed with the spices example the 5th

error sentence is Firstly, cut into pieces the garlic, onions, and chilli and correction becomes

the sentence Firstly, cut into pieces the garlic, onions, and chili and then the 6th sentence

error example, namely "How to make Cilung" becomes a correction sentence “How to make

Ceiling”

example of the last error sentence is the previous one Enter Kanji, Mascot And Water 150

have a correction sentence Enter Kanji, Mascot, And Water 150

 Bab 4

Conclusion and suggestion

In my research, I examined the erro analysis of text procedures that had been made by

students and the researcher analyzed and examined their mistakes and research data in the

form of essays on Google Form, where I shared the Google Form link on WhatsApp group,

class 11 IPA 2 and IPS 2, there were 23 respondents but I only took 7 students' assignments

to analyze errors in making text procedures

The errors in this study analyzed the errors in making procedural texts in analyzing what

students had made in correcting their errors and explaining their true and wrongdoings in

procedural text
 Suggestions for students were checked for semicolons in making sentences and typos in

making procedural text were also noticed by many students' mistakes in doing procedural text

that lacked punctuation and typos or grammar suggestions for teachers to always pay

attention to student grammar in making sentences and explaining them

References

Dulay, H., Burt, M., & Krashen,S. Language two. New York: Oxford University Press.

1982

Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: planning, conducting, and

evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). New Jersey:

Pearson Education, inc

Anderson, Mark and Kathy Anderson. (1998). Text Types in English 3.

Australia:MacMillan.
 Erdogan. 2005. Constribution of Error Analysis to Foreign Language Teaching.

Mersin University Journal of The Faculty of Education

Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing

& Health, 23(4), 334–340.

Appendix