Given:

Airplane Gross Weight, W = 2422.135lb

Wing Type = Straight Tapered Wing
Wing Span, b = 13.60 ft
Mean Aerodynamic Chord, ć = 4.5 ft
Wing Chord at Root (Cr) = 4.5 ft
Wing Chord at Tip (Ct) = 2.85
1.4665m/ s
Maximum Speed, Vmax = 171.24 mph × = 251.13 ft/s
1mph
Maximum Load Factor, n = 3.8

Spar Material:
Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6
Thickness, t = 0.249 in
lbs lbs
Tensile Stress, Fty = 67,000 × ¿¿ = 9,648,000
¿2 ft 2
lbs lbs
Compressive Stress, Fcy = 68,000 × ¿¿ = 9,792,000
¿2 ft 2
For Airload, P:
P = CNq́ L s
Where:
n1 W n1W
n1 W
CN = 1 = 1 =
ρV des2 S ρV L2 S q́ L S
2 2
Where:
n1 = Maximum Load Factor by ultimate factor (normally 1.5)
n1 = 1.5 n
n1 = (1.5)(3.8)
n1 = 5.7

1
q́ L= ρ V L2
2

q́ L= ( 12 ) (0.002377 slugs /ft ) ( 251.13 ft /s )

3 2

lbs
q́ L = 74.95
ft 2

(5.7)(2422.135 lbs)
CN = lbs
(74.95 2 )(144.52 ft 2)
ft
CN = 1.27

lbs
P = (1.27)(74.95 )(144.52 ft2)
ft 2
P = 13, 756.35 lbs

From Activity No. 3 of Aircraft Design 1 Corresponding to CN, C.P. = 32.8%

Airload, P is located at 32.8% from the leading edge of the mean aerodynamic chord, ć
(32.8%) ć = (0.3280) (4.5 ft)
 (32.8%) ć = 1.48 ft
Airload P is 1.48 ft from the leading edge of the mean aerodynamic chord, ć

For Spar Location:

Front Spar Location:
FS = (25%)ć
FS = (0.25)(4.5 ft)
FS = 1.125 ft

Rear Spar Location:

RS = (50%)ć
RS = (.50)(4.5 ft)
RS = 2.25 ft

Formulas:

1. X COMPUTED = ( CX ) ( 100C )
GIVEN

2. ZCOMPUTED = ( CZ ) ( 100C )
GIVEN

3. L . E . RadiusCOMPUTED = L . E . RadiusGIVEN ( 100C )

4. θ = Arc tan ( Slope )GIVEN
 NACA 6415

(Given)

WING

Chord= 100 ft

Upper Lower
Ordinates Ordinates
Station

ft ft Ft

0.00 - 0.00

1.25 3.45 -1.53

2.50 4.67 -2.13

5.00 6.44 -2.75

7.50 7.76 -3.00

10.00 8.88 -3.17

15.00 10.58 -2.97

20.00 11.81 -2.67

25.00 12.64 -2.29

30.00 13.15 -1.91

40.00 13.25 -1.25

50.00 12.46 -0.76

60.00 11.10 -0.34

70.00 9.16 -0.04

80.00 6.70 0.09

90.00 3.72 0.04

95.00 2.01 -0.05

100.00 (0.16) (-0.16)

100.00 - 0.00

L.E. Radius : 2.48

Slope of radius through

end of chord: 6/20

 NACA 6415

WING

Chord= 4.50 ft

Upper Lower
Ordinates Ordinates
Station

ft ft ft

0.00 - 0.00

0.06 0.16 -0.07

0.11 0.21 -0.10

0.23 0.29 -0.12

0.34 0.35 -0.14

0.45 0.40 -0.14

0.68 0.48 -0.13

0.90 0.53 -0.12

1.13 0.57 -0.10

1.35 0.59 -0.09

1.80 0.60 -0.06

2.25 0.56 -0.03

2.70 0.50 -0.02

3.15 0.41 0.00

3.60 0.30 0.00

4.05 0.17 0.00

4.28 0.09 0.00

4.50 -0.01 -0.01

4.50 - 0.00

L.E. Radius : 0.11 ft.

Slope of radius through

end of chord: 6/20

For Load at Front Spar, PFS:

+ ∑ M RS = 0

-PFS (1.125 ft) + P (0.77 ft) = 0

( 13,756.35lbs ) ( 0.77 ft )
PFS =
1.125 ft
PFS = 9,415.46 lbs

For Load at Rear Spar, PRS:

+∑ F v = 0

P – PFS – PRS = 0
PRS = 13,756.35 lbs – 9,415.46 lbs
PRS = 4,340.89 lbs
 ***SPAR DIMENSIONS WITH FIGURE***
***SPAR DIMENSIONS WITH FIGURE***
dS = dR – 2tw
Where:
dS = Maximum depth of the spar
dR = Total depth of the wing profile at the spar portion
tw = Thickness of the wing skins (5.21×10-3 ft)

For Front Spar at 25% of the chord, d R FS :

Z Z
dR FS
= [( ) ( ) ]
c UPPER
+
c LOWER
ć

From NACA 6415 (Given):

( Zc ) UPPER = 12.64%

( Zc ) LOWER = 2.29%

dR FS
= (12.64% + 2.29%) ć
dR FS
= (14.93%) ć
dR FS
= (0.1493) (4.5ft)
dR FS
= 0.6719ft
For Maximum Depth of Wing Root, d S FS

dS FS
= d R −2 t W
FS

dS FS
= 0.6719 ft – 2 (5.21×10-3 ft)
dS FS
= 0.6615 ft

For Bending Moment of Wing Root, M FS :

M FS = P FS × d

Where:
d = Perpendicular distance from wing root to the position of P
d = ɤ́ (Taken from Activity No. 2 of Airplane Design l)
d = 8.5 ft
M FS = (9,415.46 lbs) (8.5ft)
M FS = 80,031.41 lbs∙ft

For Section Modulus of the Front Spar, ZFS:

I FS M FS
Z FS = =
Y FS FB

Where:
I = Moment of Inertia
ds
Y= = Maximum depth of the Spar
2
M = Root Bending Moment
FB = Design Yield Strength Fty or Fcy
Since Fty < Fcy ; Use Fty
@ MAC
80,031.41lb ∙ ft
Z FS = lbs
9,648,000 2
ft
Z FS = 8.2951 ×10−3 ft 3

For Area of Flange at Front Spar, AfFS:

Z FS
AfFS =
2Y FS

Where:
ds
YFS = @ MAC
FS

2
0.6615 ft
YFS =
2
YFS = 0.3308 ft
Z FS
AfFS =
2Y FS

8.2951× 10−3 ft 3
AfFS =
(2)( 0.3308 ft )
AfFS = 0.0125 ft2

For the Width of the Flange of the Front Spar, WFS:

Af FS
WFS =
t
Where:
t = 0.249 in (Maximum thickness allowed)
t = 0.02075 ft
Af FS
WFS =
t
0.0125 ft 2
WFS =
0.02075∈¿¿
 WFS = 0.6024 ft

For Moment of Inertia of the Front Spar, IFS:

IFS = 2 AfFS (YFS) 2
IFS = (2) (0.0125 ft2) (0.3308 ft) 2
IFS = 2.7357 × 10-3 ft3

For Total Depth of Rear Spar at 50%, d R RS :

Z Z
dR RS
= [( ) ( ) ]
c UPPER
+
c LOWER
ć

From NACA 6415 (Given):

( Zc ) UPPER = 12.46%

( Zc ) LOWER = 0.76%

dR RS
= (12.46% + 0.76%) ć
dR RS
= (13.22%) ć
dR RS
= (0.1322) (4.5ft)
dR RS
= 0.5949 ft

For Maximum Depth of Rear Spar, d S RS

 dS RS
= d R −2 t W
RS

dS RS
= 0.5949 ft – 2 (5.21×10-3 ft)
dS RS
= 0.5845 ft

For Bending Moment of Wing Root, M RS :

M RS = P RS × d

Where:
d = Perpendicular distance from wing root to the position of P
d = ɤ́ (Taken from Activity No. 2 of Airplane Design l)
d = 8.5 ft
M RS = (4,340.89 lbs) (8.5ft)
M RS = 36,897.57 lbs∙ft

For Section Modulus of the Rear Spar, ZRS:

I RS M RS
Z RS = =
Y RS FB

@ MAC
36,897.57lb ∙ ft
Z RS = lbs
9,648,000 2
ft
Z RS = 3.8244 ×10−3 ft 3

For Area of Flange at Rear Spar, AfRS:

Z RS
AfRS =
2Y RS

Where:
ds
YRS = @ MAC
RS

2
0.5845 ft
YRS =
2
 YRS = 0.2924 ft
Z RS
AfRS =
2Y RS

3.8244 ×10−3 ft 3
AfRS =
(2)(0.2924 ft )
AfRS = 6.5397 × 10-3 ft2

For the Width of the Flange of the Rear Spar, WRS:

Af RS
WRS =
t
Where:
t = 0.249 in (Maximum thickness allowed)
t = 0.02075 ft
Af RS
WRS =
t
6.5397 ×10−3 ft 2
WRS =
0.02075∈¿ ¿
WRS = 0.3152 ft

For Moment of Inertia of the Rear Spar, IRS:

IRS = 2 AfRS (YRS) 2
IRS = (2) (6.5397 × 10-3 ft2) (0.2924 ft) 2
IRS = 1.1183 × 10-3 ft3