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    RPH Customs of the Tagalogs

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    44 views9 pages

    RPH Customs of The Tagalogs

    Uploaded by

    Angelica Armea

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS. Learning Outcomes Athe end of this lesan, you shouldbe abl to: 1. amine the context and pcspocive oft document 2 Explain the relationship amoag che members of 2 barangay 3. Discus the eligious and spinal practices and eles ‘of atly Flipines 4, Devermine the significance of the document 10 Philppice history Historical Context Daring the fist century of Spanish ele, the colonial sgovecoment had difficulty in sunsing local polities because of the limited numberof Spaniards who wanted ¢o live outside of latramuros. This situation forced Spanish official to allow Filipinos to hold he poston of oboe To ensure that the gobomadorcilos woud rena loyal to the Crowe, the ris assigned in he parishes were insted ta supervise and monitor the acts ofthe femer Hence, the fra ended up performing cutrous ortue tances 43 the administrative duties that clonal officals should have brea doing a the lea lee. They supervised the election ofthe Toca executives, helped inthe collection of axe, were diecly involved in educating the youth, and performed other civic hte. Consequently the firs became the most knowledgeable din lentil gue inthe pueblo, “The friacs who wore assigned in mission territories were required periodically to inform their superiors of what was Frppening in thir especie areas, Tey pepared reports onthe umber of ates they converted the people's way of if, het Socio-economic situation, andthe problems they encountered Some of them submitted shor eters while others who were een obtervers and gifted writes wroce long dispatch. On. top ofthe cegulae reports they submitted they also shared thei fpetsonal observations and experiences, Plasencia's Relcion elas Costumbres de Lo Tagslogs (Customs of the Tagalog, 41589) isan example ofthis kind of work t contains numerous information that historians could ate ia reconstructing the political and socio-alutl history ofthe Tagalog region. His vor is «primary source because he personally witnessed the ‘vents and hit account contained bis obsratons. “There were ther ras and colsil officials who also woote Shoue the Flipinos which coud fuer eacch our knowledge of| Philippine bstory daring the ealy parc ofthe Spanish pciod. For ‘example, Miguel de Losca an encomendera of Panay wrote his Relacin de as ls Flpinae (1582) ad described the Filipinos! ‘way of ife inthe Western Vsnyar are, Lieutenant Governor Aatonio de Mocga wrote Sucesos de ls Islas Filipinas whi provides information sbout the state ofthe Philipines i the later part ofthe 16th centnry, The other Spanish missionaries ‘who contcued th historographical ration were Fr Pedro Chisino SJ (Relaién de las Islas Pilipinas, 1604), Fe Juan Delgado SJ. (Historia General 1751), Fe Pancieo Colin SJ. (Labor Evangelice, 1663), and Fe Francisco Ignacio Alcina 8 (ora natural dst, frida yeldad dels Islas Indios ‘4 Bisayas, 1668). Most of what we kaow about Philippine 44, uwosstanone reeererve history during the frst cenrury of the Spanish period were Aeived from the accouns ofthe Spanish fas About the Author ‘eayJoand Pistia Joon de Porocareso, eal name) was a member of the Franciscan Order who eame together with the fist batch of missionaries to the Philippines in 1578, He and a felow, Franciscan Fray Diego de Oropes, were assigned to do mission works in the Southern Tagalog ares. Plasencia also halped in the foundation and organization of mumerous towns ia ‘Quezoe, Laguns, Rizal, nd Bolan, His continuous interaction with the people he converted to Christianity enabled im to write a work tiled Relacion de las Coetumbres de Los Tagalogs (Customs of te Tagalog, 1589) where he vividly desccbed the politcal, soil, economic, and cltral paces of he Fliines before hey were Cristiane Plasencia didnot Line hie to the task of administering the sacraments and baptizing new coavecs. He believed that catechism or explaining the basic eenet of Catholic faith is nother veey important faction of « misionay. His biggest challenge at that time was how to make the article of faith compceheaible ro people who have never beatd of Christ the Catholic Church. He wrote the Doctna Chitin ima Exgaolay Tiga whicklcer became che firepit bookin He usd it as reading mate or chote Filipinos who wished to deepen thei fh in che newly-ecceped reign. Plasencia died in Lili Laguna in 1590, About the Text ‘he orignal document of Customs of the Taglogs is currently kept in the Aschivo General de Indias (AGL) in Sevile, Spain. A duplicace copy of i is kepe in the Atcivo Franciscano Ibeto-Oriental (AELO. English translation appeared in Volume VIL ofthe Bit and customs or me tueatocs 45 Robertson's The Philippine Islands. Another English vansltion ‘was published ae part ofthe volume for precolonalPilppies inthe second series ofthe Fipnians Book Gud The excerpts present bel i fom the ater vetsion. Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs This people alweys had chiefs, clled by them Wat who governed them and were captains in their wars, and whom they heyed and reverence. The subject who commited any ofene gens them, or spoke but a word other wives and children, sas sverely ised. ‘hese chiefs ued over fw People; sometimes as many os «banded honses, sometimes evn les than thir. This bal stern i called in Tagalog Barngaylt ws inferred thatthe Feason for ging thomsevs his mame ros frm he fact as hey tare clasid, by thir language, among the Maley nations} tha toe they ame to this land, the ead of the barangay, wick i oat, hus caled—as is discussed at lengh nthe fist chapter of the first ten chapors—became the dato, Ad so, even a resent ay it ascertained that the barangay in ie origin wt fay pres, cildren, latins aed sve. Thee were mary of thee barogays each tov, o atl, om acco of tare ‘thy id not see fr from one another. hey were no, owxaer subject to one another, excep in friendship and rlesionsbp. “Te cif in her various wars, beled one enother with their spective Barong. i In adtion othe cif who corerponde to ou rights, there were tree castes: “The snoblesavere the frecborn whom they cal abate. They did (Se = ios en angempnraiae ‘wait their own expense. The chief offered them beforehand 4 feast, and afterward they divided the spoils. Moreover wher the dato went spon the water those hom ke summoned rowed orb. If he ui a house, they beled bin, and ed ta be fod | 46 wworssranone presrecrve sup frit Th same was true when the whole barangay went to clear up his lands for tillage: The lands which they inbabieed were divided among the whole barangay, especialy he iriated portion, ad une each ove knew bit ow. No one belonging t0 ‘srother barangay wold cultivate thre wnse after purchase oF inheritance. The lands on the tings, or masta ides, ee not vided, bt ued i common bythe barangay. Conseguenty «the ie ofthe rice hare, any indvical of amy particular barango, though be sy hve come fron some ober village, ite commences to clear any ld may soi, and no one cam compel him to abandon i. There are some villages (as, for ‘example Pils de Laguna) in which these nobles, er mahacices, paid arly tothe dato a bundeedgantas of rice, The rearom ofthis was that, at the time of thor settlement ther, another chief xpon his areal, bough with bie ou golds and therefore the mamibers of his barangey pad hie for arable land, ond be Alivided it, among those whom he sew ft to reward, But now, sinc the advo of the Spaniards ite not co divided The commoners are cated They are as was agreed upon in beng. They acomeniad him wheroor he went beyond the luland, and rowed for bin. They liven tir cn houses, nd are lords of ther property and gold. The children inherit, ad njy their property and lands. The eildres, then, exjoy the rank of thee fathers, and they cannot be made eaves (sa gigi ror cam either parents or cide be sol. If they sould fall by inheritance into the hands of son oftheir master who was going to dwell another vias, they could not be taken from ‘thir own village end caved with him: but they would rma their native villge, doing serie there and caving the sowed lode. comrousor sue tacitoes 47 hey “The mater grants them, boul the see fit, and providing thet Ihe bas profited trough their industry. portion oftheir harvests, 0 that they may work faithfully. For these reason, eovvante tuo are born inthe house of tir marer are rarely, if ey sol “That isthe lot of captives in war, ad of those brought wp i he harvest fel ‘The difference benween the siping namamahey and the alipingsguiuilit, shouldbe noted; fo, by a confusion ofthe {wo terms, many bave bee cased as slaves who realy ae not "The Indians seeing thatthe alcaldes-mayor do not understand this, have adopted the custom of taking away the children of. the aliping namamabay, making we of then as they would of liping s gigul, as sorte i her housabolds, whichis “ego, an ifthe aliping oamatnahay should appeal justice, it {s proved that he is en alipin as walla is fther end mother Deore bin aed no reseration i made a 0 whether by lipig samamahay or aliping su gulglli Hei at once considered an Alin, without farther dedaration. In this way be Becomes a {pila i ven sold. Consequently the alealdessmayor hould be intruced to ascertain, when anyone asks for bis alin, to which elas he belongs, and to have the answer putin ecamont that they sve i In thee three classes, thoswanhoraremaharlicasiBU> eae ae corn 4: shall soon explain Ifthe malls nailer shone ‘he sles the children and shee mors bacon fas if Re ‘of them tad cildran by a slaveswomean of enother, she sas i leaseofher ako econ ber abo tbr 4G vsoescinonerernecrve using the prgnancy. bn such case half of the ebild was fee— namely the haf bolongingt0 his father, who supplied he child with food. If be did not do ths, he showed tbat be id rot recognize im as bs cil, in which case the later we wholly slave. If foe woman bad dildren bya slave, they wre al ree, rovided be wore nother busband If two persons marred, of whom one was a mahalica and th other «slave, whether namattabay ors guigi the children ere divided he rst, whether male ot female, belonged to the father, as did the thind and fifth; the second, the fourt, ‘and the sixth ell tothe moter end s0.0n. In hie mane if the {ater wore free, all those who belonged to his were free if be twore a slave, ll hose who belonged rhe were slave and the same applied fo the moter If there should not be more than one child bo was haf fae ond half sav. The question here ‘concerned the division, whether the cild were male or female, ‘Those who become sives fll under the category of servitude subich wos their parent’, either namamnahay ors guilt. If there wore an odd numberof cider, the odd ome was balf free aud bafslave. I bave not been able to ascertain with cetenty when or wat age the division of children was mad, foreach ‘one sited binelf inthis reapect. Of these to Kinds of aves ‘the a guigli could be sold, bt wot the axoamahay and ther cdildr, nor could they be transferred. However, they could ‘be transfered from the barangay by inheritance, provided they romaine th some village, The mahatics could no, afer marriage, move from one willge to another, or from ome barangay to another, without ying a certain fn in gol, as arranged among thems. This fie toa ager or aller according tothe inclination of the diferent villages, roming from one to three tals and a banat 10 tbe ‘mtreBanongo.Balure to pay the fine might result in war currous or sue tucatoes 49) between the barangay where the person left and the one which be entered. This applied equally to men and women except that tube one married woman ofenather villa the cide were “aftercerds divided equaly between the two barangay. This “arrangement kept them oben tothe dato, oF cif, whic is mo Toger the cise—because ifthe dato is energitic and commands tabat the religions aber enjoin bins the soon lec im acd go to ober villge and otber datos, who endure ond protect them tad do not order thew abou. Tis isthe kind of dato tht they trv pref, nt bin who bas the spirit to command. Theres 6 reo eed of reform in this forthe chiefs are spvitess and aint heated. Invstgotions made and sentences pasted by the dato must take place in the presence if those in bis barangay. If eny of the litigant fol hielfsgrived, an arbiter was unanimously selected fom another villge or barangay, whether he were {rdato or not since they had for this purpose some reasons, Irnou fir ad uct mn, who were edt give true judgment cording other customs. Ifthe controversy ley betwoen tw Chiefs, when they withed to eid wa, they also cond judges to at as arbiters; they did the tame if he disputants belonged to tuo ifren Barangays, ln this oremony they aces ad to bak, the planting the others ‘They hod laws by which they condemned to death « man of. low birth who inculted the daughter or wife of chief URowise tthe of the same cls They condemned no one to slavery wnless be merited the eat penalty Ae forthe witches, they killed them, and ther ‘hiéron and accomplices became slaves ofthe che, after be ‘had made some recompense 10 the injured person. All other 50 wrartersome risrecrve offenses wore punished by inst gold, which if not paid with rompers, exposed the culprit to serve, antl the payment should be made, the person was aggrieved, to whom the 1money was paid. This was done i the following way: Hal the

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