Pe Chapter 3 Practice Test 1Reading Test 65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Cea Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading ‘each passage or pai, choose the best answer to each question based on what s stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). 2 2s Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage. This passage s excerpted from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, originally published in 1818, ‘My journey was very melancholy. At first I wished to hurry on, for I longed to console and sympathit with my loved and sorrowing friends; but when I drew near my native town, I slackened my progress. I could hardly sustain the multitude of feelings that crowded into my mind. I passed through scenes familiar to my youth, but which I had not seen for nearly six years How altered every thing might be during that time! (One sudden and desolating change had taken place but a thousand little circumstances might have by degrees worked other alterations, which, although they were done more tranquilly, might not be the less decisive. Fear overcame me; I dared no advance, dreading a thousand nameless evils that made me tremble, although I was unable to define them. I remained two days at Lausanne, in this painful state of mind. I contemplated the lake: the waters were placid all around was calm; and the snowy mountains, ‘the palaces of nature; were not changed. By degrees the calm and heavenly scene restored me, and I continued my journey towards Geneva. The road ran by the side of the lake, which became narrower as I approached my native town. I discovered more distinctly the black sides of Jura, and the bright summit of Mont Blanc. I wept like a child. “Dear mountains! My own beautiful ake! How do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are clear; the sky and lake are blue and 9 Practice Tests forthe SAT 20 ” 6 55 placid. Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness?” 1 fear, my friend, that I shall render myself tedious by dwelling on these preliminary circumstances; but they were days of comparative happiness, and I think of them with pleasure. My country, my beloved country! Who but a native can tell the delight I took in again beholding thy streams, thy mountains, and, ‘more than al, thy lovely lake! Yet, as I drew nearer home, grief and fear again overcame me. Night also closed around; and when I could hardly see the dark ‘mountains, [felt still more gloomily. The picture appeared a vast and dim scene of evil and I foresaw obscurely that I was destined to become the most wretched of human beings. Alas! I prophesied truly, and failed only in one single circumstance, that in all the misery I imagined and dreaded, I did not conceive the hundredth part of the anguish I was destined to endure, It was completely dark when I arrived in the environs of Geneva; the gates of the town were already shut; and I was obliged to pass the night at Secheron, a village at the distance of half a league from the city. The sky was serene; and, as I was unable to rest, resolved to visit the spot where my poor William had been murdered. As I could not pass through the town, I was obliged to cross the lake in a boat to arrive at Plainpalais, During this short voyage I saw the lightning playing on the summit of Mont Blanc in the ‘most beautiful figures. The storm appeared to approach rapidly, and, on landing, I ascended a low hill, that I Ee»[1 right observe its progress. It advanced; the heavens ‘were clouded, and I soon felt the rain coming slowly in 0 large drops, but its violence quickly increased. ‘While I watched the tempest, so beautiful yet terrific, I wandered on with a hasty step. This noble war in the sky elevated my spirits; I clasped my hands, and exclaimed aloud, “William, dear angel! This is as thy funeral, this thy dirge!” As I said these words, perceived in the gloom a figure which stole from behind a clump of trees near me; I stood fixed, gazing intently: [could not be mistaken. A flash of lightning illuminated the object, and discovered its shape 70 plainly to me; its gigantic stature, and the deformity of ts aspect more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy daemon, to whom I had given life. What did he there? Could he be (I shuddered at the conception) the 75 murderer of my brother? No sooner did that idea cross my imagination, than I became convinced ofits truth; my teeth chattered, and I was forced to lean against a tree for support. The figure passed me quickly, and I lost it inthe gloom, Which choice best describes the developmental pattern of the passage? A) A lighthearted description of an adventure B) A dramatic response to a request for help ©) A profound analysis of an ancient curse D) A melancholy recounting of a doomed homecoming ‘Which choice best describes what happens in the passage? A) One character returns home to avenge the death of his brother. B) One character fears his future in the hometown he left ©) One characteris afraid to return to a city haunted byan unknown monster, D) One character worries that he won't be welcome at home 1 Which emotion does the narrator most feel? A) He feels joy at returning home. B) He feels antagonism for the daemon. ©) He feels dread concerning his fate. D) He feels sorrow over William's death, Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 34-36 (“Who but... lake”) B) Lines 42-46 ("I prophesied ... endure") ©) Lines 58-60 (“It advanced ... increased”) D) Lines 74-75 (“Could he... . brother”) i As used in line 28, “placid” most nearly means A) palatial B) dull ©) peaceful D) divine ‘The main purpose of the first paragraph is to A) representa journey. B) embellish an emotion, ©) provide a context. D) establish a mood, E> Practice Test | 13[1 Why does the narrator mention “a thousand little circumstances” (line 10)? A) He fears a natural disaster and its aftermath, B) He dreads the effects of a devastating incident. C) He knows he could have stopped a tragedy. D) He has incited a revolution to take down the government. Which of the following provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Line 8 (“How altered ... time”) B) Lines 9-13 (“One sudden ... decisive”) ©) Lines 50-52 (“The sky... murdered”) D) Lines 64-65 (“William, dear... dirge”) 14 | Practice Tests forthe SAT In the passage, the narrator addresses the tempest with A) awe, but not fear. B) ebullience, but not rage. ©) disconsolation, but not anger. D) insanity, but not regret. As used in line 66, “stole” most nearly means A) loomed, B) pinched. ©) wrapped. D) displaced,i 2s 35 « Questions 11-20 are based on the following passage. This passage s an excerpt from Howard Gardner, Art, Mind ‘and Brain. © 1982 by Basic Books, ‘Twenty years ago psychology seemed a rather remote and sterile area to individuals interested in the full and creative use of the mind, The field harbored a trio of uninviting specializations. There was academic psychology, featuring the use of contrived laboratory apparatus to study the perception of visual illusions or the memorization of long lists of nonsense syllables. Such lines of study bore little evident relationship to human beings engaged in thought. There was bchaviorism, the approach that emerged from work with rats and pigeons. Behaviorists claimed that we act in the way we do because we are reinforced for doing so and, given their focus on overt activity, these scholars denied inner life—no thought, no fantasies, no aspirations. Finally, there was psychoanalysis, which offered not only a controversial method of treatment but also an overarching theory of human nature. While psychoanalysis had a grandeur and depth that eluded both academic psychology and behaviorism, it strongly accentuated human personality and unconscious problem-solving ‘The cognitive revolution came in two parts. First, there was the frank recognition that one could—one must—take seriously human mental processes, including thinking, problem-solving, and creating, Study of the mind once again became a proper scientific undertaking. Second, there was the demonstration by several researchers that human thought processes were characterized by considerable regularity and structure, Not all of this cogitation took place in full view, nor could such cognitive processes always be either related to external stimuli or confirmed by introspection. But there was structure to thought processes, a structure the careful analyst could help lay bare. ‘Many of us who were studying the behavioral sciences in the 1960s were swept up—and have remained inspired—by this revolution. For some, the appeal lay in computer programming and artificial intelligence—the design of machines that display intelligence. For others, the thrill came in ‘conducting careful laboratory experiments in which ‘one could trace, on a millisecond-by-millisecond basis, an individual's mental process as he carried out 1] 45 a multiplication problem, reasoned through a logical syllogism, or rotated an image of geometrical form in his head. Still others took roads that went through pedagogy, through anthropology, or through the neurosciences. In my own case, I found especially 50 appealing the approach to the mind put forth by structuralists working in the cognitive regions of several social sciences, In the opening set of essays Flay out the principal assumption of this structuralist approach as itis 55 exemplified by the developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, the linguist Noam Chomsky, and the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss. These thinkers share a belief that the mind operates according to the specifiable rules—often unconscious ones—and that these can be ferreted out and made explicit by the systematic examination of human language, action, and problem-solving, There are many intriguing differences among their approaches as wel, and 1 review several ofthese: still, one finds throughout a 65 surprisingly (and reassuringly) common vision of what the human mind is ike and how it can best be described for scientific purposes. ‘The structuralist approach to the mind has limitations. Those that are more germane, given my 7 own concern with artistic knowledge, derive from the essentially closed nature of structuralist systems. ‘Though creative thought has not escaped their attention, each of the major cognitive structuralists views the options of human thought as in some way 75. preotdained, limited in advance. This makes their work especially problematic for a study of mind where the major focus falls on innovation and creation, as in the fashioning of original works of art. ‘To my mind the limitation implicit in the standard 40 structuralist stance can be circumscribed by the recognition of one special feature of human thought —its ability to create and sponsor commerce through the use of various kinds of symbol systems. These symbol systems—these codes of meaning—are the a5 vehicles through which thought takes place: by their very nature they are creative, open systems. Through the use of symbols the human mind, operating according to the structuralist principles, can create, revise, transform, and re-create wholly fresh products, 59 systems and even worlds of meaning, E> Practice Test | 181 1 ‘The main purpose ofthe passage is to A) review a set of essays on structuralism and creativity B) convince scientists to abandon behaviorist thought. ©) emphasize the limitations present in psychology. D) present the author’ view that structuralism allows for creativity ‘The central claim of the passage is that A) psychology has evolved since the 1960s before which it was too sedate and impractical for modern scientists. B) traditional structuralist principles can allow for the possibility of human creativity. ©) behaviorists are limited in their scientific processes and have preordained views that hhumans act largely on their operant conditionin D) the author's opinions on creativity are revolutionary and supported by research in traditional psychology. ‘The author describes the different branches of psychology throughout the passage mainly to A) guide the reader through a complete historic progression ofa science. B) establish his prominent and novel role within the psychological community. ©) highlight a difference that makes structuralism inferior to behaviorism. D) show how the revolution of the 1960s affected psychology. Gardner indicates that the cognitive revolution he describes inthe passage was A) a motivation for the author’s exploration of creativity and structuralism, B)_appertinent factor in revitalizing a dying field of science ©) beneficial for interjecting thoughtful scientists back into the field of psychology. D) more effective than previous changes to the perspective of psychologists. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 8-9 ("Such lines ... thought”) B) Lines 27-30 ("Second, there ©) Lines 36-38 ("Many of. structure”) revolution”) D) Lines 38-41 (“For some... intelligence”) ‘The author characterizes the branch of psychology that became popular after the cognitive revolution mentioned in line 22 as using both A) problem-solving and creating. B)_meticulousness and mathematics. ©) regularity and structure. D) fantasy and aspiration. Which lines best support the previous answer? A) Lines 11-15 ("Behaviorists claimed aspirations”) B) Lines 23-26 (“First, there creating”) Lines 41-47 (“For others ... head”) D) Lines 64-67 (“stll, one... purposes”) > 16 | Practice Tests forthe SAT‘According to the passage, the author references Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Claude Levi-Strauss because they |A) represent different approaches to a unified belief about the mind ) present work that is inherently problematic when used in psychological discussions ©) are psychologists who support his assumptions about structuralism, published works that do not support the author's opinion on creativity Hi ‘The “original works of art” mentioned in line 78 mainly serve to emphasize how A) admiring of artistic knowledge and endeavors the author is. B) distorted the views of the structural psychologists ©) restricted the traditional structuralists views on creativity are D) closed-minded and limited psychology is regarding artistic ability. 1 Which choice most closely captures the meaning of the “symbol systems” referred to in line 84? A) Thought processes B) Problematic methods ©) Structured principles D) Representative expressionsj1 2 0 Questions 21-31 are based on the following passages. Passage 1 is adapted from Lee Billings, “At Pluto, the End of ‘2 Beginning. © July 2015 by Scientifc American. Passage 2is ‘adapted from Caleb A. Scharf,“A New Billion-Mile Journey for New Horizons" ® August 2015 by Sclentifc American. Lee Billings isa science journalist. Caleb Schars the Dicector of Astrobiology at Columbia University Passage 1 Early this morning, ifall has gone wel, the first golden age of interplanetary exploration will have come to a close, At 7:49 Eastern time, NASA’ New Horizons spacecraft was slated to reach its primary target, Pluto and its moons, concluding what some call the preliminary reconnaissance ofthe known solar system. ‘Though it was conceived in the late 1980s, New Horizons wasnt launched until 2006, after long years of delays, redesigns, and even near-death cancellation Its unlikely five-bllion-kilometer voyage to Pluto has been the work of decades. And yet today, at the climax of its mission, the spacecraft was expected to traverse the expanse of Pluto in less than three minutes, whizzing 12,500 kilometers above the surface at nearly 50,000 kilometers per hour. From the start, the spacecraft was custom-built for speed. Carrying enough fuel to crash into orbit at Pluto would have made New Horizons too bulky, expensive, and slow to even launch in the first place, so instead it will lyby and continue outward, on an endless journey into interstellar night. During its brief close encounter, New Horizons will be too busy gathering data to immediately phone home, instead using those precious moments to scrutinize the planet with a suite of seven instruments all running on a nightlights share of electricity. Mission planners will only learn of the fiyby's success later tonight, via a radio signal. Or, they could learn of its failure by hearing nothing—the spacecraft has an estimated 1 in 10,000 chance of suffering a destructive high-speed collision with debris while passing through the Plutonian system, Presuming New Horizons’ flyby is successful, its confirmatory signal traveling sunward at the speed of light will reach Earth some 4.5 hours after being transmitted, and is expected to arrive at 8:53 PM. ‘Though the primary encounter is best measured in ‘minutes and hours, the slow data-transmission rate 18 | Practice Tests for the SAT 0 4s 55 6 % 1 imposed by such vast distances ensures that Horizons will be beaming its archived images home well into 2017. Passage 2 What do you do when you've flown 3 billion miles through interplanetary space? You keep going Although NASAs New Horizons mission has only just begun to transmit the bulk of the detailed scientific data from its history-making encounter with the Pluto. Charon system (at an excruciatingly slow 2 kilobits per second) the spacecraft team has been hard at work on a critical, and time-sensitive, decision. Ithad long been hoped that New Horizons would be able to deploy its instruments to study further “objects in the Kuiper belt. But back in early 2014 it ‘wasn't clear that astronomers and planetary scientists were going to be able to find any suitable candidates within the range of trajectories that the mission—with its limited on-board fuel resources—could reasonably adjust to, Despite searching with Earth-bound telescopes it was clear that our understanding of the umber of objects smaller than Pluto (but stil large enough to study) was incomplete, as candidates were in short supply. Using the Hubble Space Telescope in the summer of 2014, in what was a bit ofa last-ditch attempt, there was huge relief as just five plausible targets finally revealed themselves, with two later confirmed to be good for an intercept. ‘The frst of these, called PTI (potential target one) ‘or more officially 2014 MU69, has now been chosen as the next goal for New Horizons. ‘This object is thought to be at most 30 miles across —akin to a cometary nucleus on steroids—and barely 19 the size of Pluto. In other words, its an entirely different beast than Pluto, but it may be the kind of body that helped form Pluto itself some 4.5 billion years ago, and it’ within reach for New Horizons at a mere billion miles further along the interplanetary road. a>In line 10, the author of Passage 1 mentions “delays, redesigns, and even near-death cancellations” primarily to ‘A) indicate why the ship was built for speed. B) predict that not all may go well with the mission ©) express concern that the ship may crash I ) explain the period of time between the plan and its execution, The author of Passage 1 indicates that the fyby over Pluto could have which outcome? A) Scientists could receive data beginning at 7-49 Bastern time. B) Scientists could receive no data from the ship. ©) Scientists could learn of the mission’ failure through a radio signal D) Scientists could receive data after a delay of 3 minutes. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 3-7 (At 7:49... system") B) Lines 28-29 (“Mission planners... signal”) ©) Lines 29-33 ("Or, they... system”) D) Lines 34-37 (“Presuming New ... 8:53 pa") As used in line 26, “suite” most nearly means A) jacket B) room. ©) array: D) candy. ‘What function does the discussion of the ‘measurement of the primary encounter in lines 38-39 serve in Passage 1? A) Itsupports a claim made earlier in the text. B) Itundermines an assumption made in the previous paragraph, ©) Itemphasizes the relativity of time in measuring space, D) Ithighlights the brevity of the encounter vs. the slow pace of the documentation, ‘he central claim of Passage 2 is that New Horizons has started to transmit information about Pluto but A) it wil then continue on an endless journey into night B) itis also on the way to its next observation. C) plans for its next task need to be decided upon soon, D) the preliminary reconnaissance of our solar system is complete, As used in line 53, “deploy” most nearly means A) mimic, B) utilize ©) release. D) negate. > Pract Testt | 19 ie20 | 39 1 Which statement best describes the relationship between the passages? A) Passage 2 expresses concern about the dangers ‘mentioned in Passage 1 B) Passage 2 revises the interpretation of events described in Passage L ©) Passage 2 describes the next chapter in the story depicted in Passage 1 Passage 2 provides qualified support for the successes celebrated in Passage 1 D) ‘The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the discussion of New Horizons’ continued journey in lines 21-22, Passage 1, by claiming that the journey A) B) will not take place on a literal road will involve at least one further stop. C) will be endless. D) will take a long time before return is possible Practice Tests forthe SAT 1] Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 46-51 (‘Although NASA’ B) Lines 52-54 ("Ithad.... belt”) ©) Lines 69-71 (“The first... Horizons") D) Lines 74-79 (“In other decision”) road") Which statement about New Horizons’ journey is true about both passages? A) Passage 1 contains an exaggeration, while Passage 2 contains an ironic understatement. B) Passage 1 utilizes a metaphor, while Passage 2 relies on strict realism. ©) Passage I relies on allegory, while Passage 2 makes use of personification D) Passage I presents a history, while Passage 2 presents an anecdote.| -._ 20 1 Questions 32-42 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. ‘This passage is adapted from Kelvin FH. Luland Alan CN, Wong, Does Media Multitasking Always Hurt? A Positive Correlation Between Multitasking and Multisensory Integration’ © 2012 by Psychonomic Society, Inc Humans often engage in multitasking—that is, performing more than one task simultaneously or in rapid alternation. We can effortlessly talk to each other while walking and watch television while eating. Certain multitasking situations are more challenging because the tasks involved are more difficult or they concurrently engage overlapping processes and, thus, interfere with each other more. Talking on cell phones while driving is a good example. Sometimes, such difficulties can have serious consequences. One way that modern technology has transformed ‘human living styles is through the invention and popularization of various media of communication and interaction, including radio, television, telephone and text messaging, video games, computers, and the Internet. Media multitasking has thus grown into a popular phenomenon and even a way of life, especially among young people. ‘The high accessibility ‘of computers, in particular, has cultivated obsessive ‘multitasking, due to the ease of switching between instant messaging, music, Web surfing, e-mail, online videos, computer-based games, computer-based applications, and so forth, The immediate effects of media multitasking on one’s memory, learning, and other cognitive functions have been a focus of recent research. It was found that watching TV while doing homework decreased. participants’ performance on the recognition of TV content. Besides, Furnham and Bradley found detrimental effects of background music on participants’ performance in various cognitive tasks. Armstrong and Chung showed a negative effect of background television during science article reading ‘on subsequent recall and recognition, Similarly, reading and watching video simultaneously impaired participants’ performance on the reading task. Moreover, Hembrooke and Gay found that opening laptops and engaging in media multitasking behaviors during a lecture impaired students’ memory for lecture contents. Research also has examined the chronic effects of media multitasking, Kirschner and Karpinski found that heavy Facebook users reported having lower grade point averages (GPAs) and suggested the possible 45. deleterious effect of simultaneously using Facebook with other activities. Besides, the amount of time spent on instant messaging was found to be negatively correlated both with cognitive performance in lab tasks and with GPA. While these two studies assumed 0 that Facebook usage and instant messaging often co-occur with other activities and, thus, represent multimedia usage, they did not, however, exclude the simpler possibility that Facebook usage and instant ‘messaging simply occupy the time that could be used 5 for studying A recent large-scale study compared the way in ‘which heavy media multitaskers process information differently from those who do not. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire in their study 60 to indicate their level of media multitasking. It was found that heavy media multitaskers performed worse than light media multitaskers in several cognitive tasks that involved working memory, selective attention to task-relevant information in visual search, and 5 surprisingly, task switching, It was suggested that heavy media multtaskers have developed the habit of simultaneously consuming information from multiple ‘media and, thus, “breadth-biased cognitive control” Asa result, heavy media multitaskers could not precisely differentiate between important information and distractors. They readily spread their attention to different sources of information regardless of whether they were relevant to the primary task at hand. This is why they were inferior to light media multitaskers 75. in tasks that required one to disregard irrelevant. information in the environment and in memory. ‘An intriguing possiblity, however, is that their breadth biased cognitive control will ead to better performance if a task contains some unexpected. 20 information that is important to the task at hand. ‘When a media multitasker reads, for example, he or she may more readily detect an SMS ringtone from a mobile phone, although the ringtone does not carry information useful for the primary task of reading 5 In fac, situations like that may actually be more representative of what happens in real life.1 In this study, our aim was to measure the potential difference between high and low media multitaskers in this tendency to capture information from seemingly 90 irrelevant sources. Specifically, we accessed how much one can integrate visual and auditory information automatically, using a visual search task in the pip-and- op paradigm. In this paradigm, participants made speeded responses to indicate which of a horizontal 95 or vertical line segment was present among a number of oblique line segments of various orientations. Both target and distractor lines in the display changed color between red and green continuously. Participants Performed the same search task on both tone- 100 absent (baseline) and tone-present trials, but only in tone-present trials was each target color change accompanied by a short auditory tone (the pip), 157) = 292, p <.05 Multisensory Integration Index mn Index ght medfmalttaskes Heavy meda mutates Multisensory Integ 8) Scatterplot between the multisensory integration index for accuracy and the media multitasking index. b) Multisensory integration indices for light and heavy media multitaskers. Error bars indicate standard errors of the means. 22 | 9Practce Tests ortho SAT 1 the examples in lines 3-9 The authors most likely u of the passage to highlight that A) multitasking is usually difficult and dangerous B) multitasking is a fairly common occurrence. ©) students who want to increase their grades shoul. not multitask. D) multitasking is an instinctual habit. In line 7, the word “engage” most nearly means A) marry, B) capture ©) employ, D) absorb, ‘The study authors mentioned in paragraph 3 (lines 24-40) would likely describe “media multitasking” as A) focused. B) disadvantageous, ©) multifaceted D) chronic 13s] ‘The authors indicate that Kirschner and Karpinski suggest grades decreased because students A) used a social media platform while studying. B) performed badly on tests due to fatigue, ©) spent too much time on Messenger. D) spent too much time on Facebook in generalIL Ji Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 26-29 (“It was B) Lines 42-46 (“Kirschner and ©) Lines 49-5 studying”) D) Lines 56-58 (‘A recent... . not”) content”) activities") (While these In the fifth paragraph (lines 56~76), the author indicates that, compared to heavy media multitaskers, light media multitaskers are more A) distracted. B) focused, C) scholarly D) discriminating. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Limes 56-58 (‘A recent... not”) B) Lines 65-68 (“It was ©) Lines 73-76 (“This is D) Lines 77-80 (“An intriguing control”) memory”) hand”) ‘As used in line 57, “process” most nearly means A) filter. B) share ©) digitize D) retain. 1] ‘The authors refer to the pip-and-pop paradigm (lines 92-93) in order to A) question a technique B) support a claim. ©) offer a clarification. D) introduce a method. In the graph following the passage, the line of best fit demonstrates that ‘A) light media multitaskers get good grades. B) Kirschner and Karpinski’s study was correct. ©) Facebook usage leads to lesser cognitive functions. D) aweak data correlation exists in the study. The authors of the study would likely attribute heavy media multitaskers’ increased Multisensory Integration, as represented in the graph, to an ability to A) discern important information in context. B) spread their attention to multiple unrelated tasks. ) display an increased level of sensitivity. D) observe all details during a stressful event E> Practice Test 1 | 23]1 Questions 43-52 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is from Cesar A. Arias, M.D, PhD, and Barbara E Murray, M.D, "Antibiotic Resistant Bugs in the 21st Century—A Clinical SuperChallenge © 2009 by New England Journal of Medicine. In March 1942, a 33-year-old woman lay dying of streptococcal sepsis in a New Haven, Connecticut, hospital, and despite the best efforts of contemporary tune medical science, her doctors could not eradicate her bloodstream infection. Then they managed to obtain a small amount of a newly discovered substance called Penicillin, which they cautiously injected into her. After repeated doses, her bloodstream was cleared of. streptococci, she made a full recovery, and she went 10 om to live to the age of 90. Sixty-six years after her startling recovery, a report described a 70 year-old- ‘man in San Francisco with endocarditis caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Despite the administration, for many days, of the best 15 antibiotics available for combating VRE, physicians ‘were unable to sterilize the patient’s blood, and he died still bacteremic. We have almost come full circle and arrived at a point as frightening as the Preantibiotic era: for patients infected with multi-drug 20 resistant bacteria, there is no magic bullet. I is difficult to imagine under-taking today’s surgical procedures, transplantations, cancer chemotherapy, ot care ofthe critically ill or HIV- infected without effective antimicrobial agents. Bacteria are champions of evolution, and a few microbes have adapted to a point where they pose serious clinical challenges for humans. Among the gram-positive organisms, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and E. faecium 20 represent the biggest therapeutic hurdles, The evolution of MRSA exemplifies the genetic adaptation of an organism into a first-class multidrug, resistant pathogen. After the introduction of penicillin and, late, methicillin S, aureus quickly developed 35 resistance to the B-lactam compounds, and by 2003, more than 50% of S. aureus isolates recovered in US. hospitals were MRSA. 24 | 9Practie Tess forthe SAT 1 ‘Then MRSA began developing resistance to slycopeptides, frst evolving, through largely undefing 40 mutations, low-level resistance to vancomycin, which ‘was associated with a thickening of the pathogen’ cl walls. Such isolates were designated VISA (or GISA), for vancomycin (or glycopeptide) intermediately resistant S, aureus, VISA is dificult for clinical 45 laboratories to detect, but its presence is associated with the therapeutic failure of glycopeptides. The break-points for susceptibility to vanomycin have therefore been changed, screening tests for VISA have been proposed, and much debate has ensued regardin 0 the usefulness of vancymycin in the treatment of serious MRSA infections. Next, strains of MRSA with true, high-level resistance to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant S, ‘aureus or VRSA) emerged, Such resistance is due to 58. the acquisition of the vanA gene cluster originally described in enterococci. Fortunately, fewer than 4 dozen such isolates have been reported (mostly in Michigan), and their dissemination appears to be limited, at least for now. VRSA, like other 40. strains of health-care associated MRSA, is often resistant to multiple drugs, including clindamycin, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, and fluoroquinolones.| 4 E 38 a | ag g | oP| 32 a2 a) Es | 32 gs 5 gz] 28 22 2 | 28) 28 aS | Bacteria Reslotance of Bacteria tom [E. faecium _ 75% Ma tuberculosis 3% mirabilis oe [cons ae ~ C. dificil 3% P aeruginosa 15% [E.coli 9% Shigella 508 _| 1a [When Introduced | 1940s 1950s_| Based on the passage, the authors’ statement “We have almost come full circle... for patients infected with multi-drug resistant bacteria, there is no magic bullet” (lines 17-20) implies that A) antibiotics are no longer used to treat bacterial infections. B) the medical sciences have finally come around to antibiotic treatments and therapies. ©) there is currently no solution for how to treat multi-drug resistant bacteria D) vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium is no longer treatable. A student claims that antibiotic use has never been 100% effective in the treatment of a bacterial infection. Which of the following statements in the passage contradicts the student’s claim? A) Lines 8-10 (“After repeated ... 90") B) Lines 14-17 (“Despite the... bacteremic”) ©) Lines 33-37 (‘After the ... MRSA") D) Lines 56-59 (“Fortunately, fewer... now”) ‘The authors use the word “evolution” in lines 25 and 31 to indicate that A) only one type of bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, has demonstrated significant resistance to antibiotics B) multi-drug resistant bacteria was an inevitable outcome of the evolution of medical science and prescription drug development. ©) antibiotics are not effective at treating specific strains of bacteria as those strains are significantly altered from their original presentation. D) strains of bacteria previously known to scientists have entirely disappeared and been replaced by drug-resistant versions. > Practice Test 1 | 25 | |i1 In the second paragraph (lines 21-37), what do the authors claim to be a result of antibiotic resistance? A) The disappearance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. faecium B) The creation ofa “magic bullet” antibiotic to treat Patients infected with multi-drug resistant bacteria, ©) A significant increase in the numbers of deaths from bacterial infection in the United States. D) The majority of clinically observed cases of S. aureus were resistant to a least one antibiotic treatment. ‘The authors’ main purpose of including the information about MRSA's glycopeptide and vancomycin resistance is to A) review the history of medical research, specifically antibiotic development and therapy. present the progression a specific bacteria demonstrated to alternate treatment options. provide a list of the most common antibiotics that are used to battle certain bacteria confirm the broad resistance ofS. aureus to all known antibiotics ‘The authors’ use of the words “appears” and “often” in lines 58-60 in the final paragraph functions mainly to A) confirm that the levels and types of antibiotic- resistance of MRSA and VSRA are well known. B) counter the claim that based on clinical results antibiotic resistance is slowing for MRSA and VSRA. ©) support the authors’ call for greater attention and research funding for multi-drug resistant bacterial research. emphasize the lack of certainty that surrounds our existing knowledge of multi-drug resistant bacteria 8 Practice Tests for the SAT Based on the table and passage, which choice gives, the correct description of penicillin? A) Penicillin was initially introduced for medical use in the first half of the twentieth century. B) Streptococcal sepsis has not developed antibiotic resistance to penicillin ©) Fewer bacteria have demonstrated resistance to penicillin than to fluoroquinolones. D) More bacteria have demonstrated resistance to penicillin than to amikacin. Do the data in the table support the authors’ assertion that S. aureus and B. faecium represent the biggest therapeutic hurdles? A) Yes, because collectively they show some level of resistance to three antibiotic families, which is ‘more than any other single bacteria listed. B)_ Yes, because the highest evel of resistance either bacteria exhibits is 75%, the largest percent of resistance listed. ©) No, because the lowest level of resistance either bacteria exhibits is 0.8%, the smallest percent of resistance listed. No, because collectively they show some level of resistance to three antibiotic families, which is fewer than any other single bacteria listeda According to the table, which of the following bacteria provides evidence in support of the answer to the previous question? A) M. tuberculosis B) CoNS ©) Shigella D) P aeruginosa STOP 1 Based on the table, is Aminopenicillin-resistant S. aureus resistant to at least one member of the Fluoroguinolones family or none, and which statement made by the authors is most consistent with that data? walls” (lines 38-42) fluoroquinolones” |A) Atleast one; “Then MRSA B) Atleast one; “VRSA, like (lines 59-63) ©) None; “Fortunately, fewer... . now” (lines 56-59) D) None; “VRSA, like (lines 59-63) fluoroquinolones” Hf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test. Practice Test 1 27Writing and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions, For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions. ‘Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole, After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively, improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a"NO CHANGE" option, Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the Passage as itis Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. “Made-Up” Science When we hear about the opinions of “ten scientists” or “ten dentists” or we hear that things are “clinically proven” or “lab-tested,” for [JJ example, and we might expect to be reading scientific journals. However, these phrases and statistics are well-known outside of scientific circles because they are so commonly used in @ less likely place: advertising. Its not enough for, say, a shampoo to promise clean hair: it seems the only way to sell shampoo by lowering the price and offering special deals and coupons. 28 | 9 Practice Tests forthe SAT a A) NO CHANGE B) example, consequently we ©) example: we D) example, we a Which provides the most relevant detail? A) NO CHANGE B)_to merge into larger corporations and reduce the number of shampoo brands. ©) by comparing the product to other products customers buy more regularly D) to promise 40% more volume and bounce or 60% fewer split ends than other brands. E>J2 ‘These claims are part of what has been called, since 1961, “cosmeutical” science. The word itself combines cosmetics” and “pharmaceutical” Since the term was coined in 1961, cosmetics companies have been under more pressure to innovate, as competition grows and markets expand outside the United States. This pressure has led to an increased reliance on scientific data as a way to back up the advertisers’ claims, [1] But where exactly do these claims come from? [2] However if these claims seem absurd at times, its because they may come from nowhere at all. [3] A recent study of these scientific claims appears in the Journal of Global Fashion Marketing. [4] In this study, the researchers looked at over 300 advertisements from fashion magazines like Bll, answer would seem to be “the lab” EB) ogue, and Vanity Far. [5] The obvious To anyone who has ever [EW believed the truth-value of these advertisements (or of advertisements in general) the researchers’ findings are probably not surprising. The researchers found that a mere 18% of the claims made in these advertisements were true. 23% of the claims were classified as “outright lies” | 42% were considered too vague to classify, A) NO CHANGE B) Vogue and, ©) Vogue; and D) Vogue: and ‘To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should be placed A) where it is now B) before s C) before sentence 3. ntence 2. D) before sentence 4. A) NO CHANGE B) pondered ©) questioned D) skepticized ‘The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion, Should the writer do this? A) No, because it demonstrates the most surprising of the researchers findings. B) No, because it completes the discussion of the data and is mentioned again in the passage. C)_Yes, because it is a reminder of how subjective the researchers’ study truly was. 1D) Yes, because the reader could deduce this information through simple mathematics. Ea» Pratve est | 28‘These findings are good for a laugh, but J they may have more serious implications as wel. Although everyone knows that the Food and Drug Administration can reign what goes into food and drugs, what is less that the FDA can also punish false advertising claims. That sizable 23% that is telling “outright lies” may have a federal agency investigating its claims, and these investigations [EJ might have resulted in significant fines and lawsuits. While this has obvious ramifications for the “outright lies? what can the FDA do [fl] from that much larger share of “too vague” claims? These may be safe for the simple reason that they are too vague to be disproven. ‘Whatever the FDA may decide to do, this research should still remind consumers about the potential perils of trusting the word of advertisers. [IJ] Thus, the claims are often harmless, but consumers want to believe that they are giving their hard-earned money to trustworthy organizations, 30 | 9Practioe Tests forthe SAT a A) B) ° D) NO CHANGE will have may have might be having NO CHANGE regulate administrate NO CHANGE have resulted in significant fine’s may result in significant fines ‘may result in significant fine's NO CHANGE to by NO CHANGE On the other hand, ‘True, Nevertheless,J2 Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. Gerry's Salamander ‘The United States is often lauded for its contributions to democracy in the world, When the process is allowed to work, democracy in the United States is truly admirable, and all of those who vote can feel that they are participating in the process ina significant way. [EJ This being the case, there are some abnormalities in the history of US. elections that fall short of these expectations. [1] One notable instance came in a state senate election in Massachusetts in 1812. [2] Unfortunatly, it ‘was not the last. [3] Shortly before this election, Elbridge EB erry, then governor of the state, called for a redistricting that was supposed to reflect demographic shifts within the city. [4] To anyone paying attention, however, it IBV will become clear that this redistricting would benefit Gerry’s own party, the Democratic- Republicans [5] It was one of the first and most infamous works of political trickery in the history of the country A) NO CHANGE B) Happily, ©) Politically, D) Unfortunately, Gerry then governor of the state, Gerry, then governor of the state D) Gerry, then governor, of the state A) NO CHANGE B) would have become ©) became | D) becomes ‘To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2 should be placed | A) where itis now, B) after sentence 3, ©) after sentence 4, D) afer sentences | a> Practice Test 1 | 3132 2 Gerry's tactics gave birth to a new term. The Boston Gazette poked fun at Gerry redistricting EI plan “This newspaper said that the newly created South Essex clectoral district resembled a salamander on the map. This image, combined with the governor’s name, came to be known by a very specific [| name: gerrymandering, The practice unfortunately continues to be a tool of political ‘manipulation to this day. Particularly on the state and local levels, ‘gerrymandering can have a tremendous influence on the outcome of an election. As the below graphic shows, gerrymandering can turn [BJ voters against some of the legislative bodies in their state, In a population of 50 people, in which voting blocs lived in contained areas, different districting can result in vastly different outcomes, even where there is a clear advantage for one party. In the redistricting shown below, [J 40% light gray voters can become 60% dark gray districts through the careful ‘manipulation of the districts Gerrymandering, explained “here ode pen etre 9 Practice Tests forthe SAT Which choice most effectively combines the two sentences at the underlined portion? A) plan, when the paper said B) plan, at which time the paper said ©) plan, saying D) plan and they said A) NO CHANGE, B) name: which was ©) name, D) name. And it was Which choice best completes the description of the purpose of gerrymandering? A) NO CHANGE B)_aseries of political factions against one another. ©) elections into long processes with delayed results D) electoral disadvantages into electoral advantages. oD Which choice most accurately and effectively represents information in the figure? A) NO CHANGE B) 60% dark gray voters can become 60% light gray districts ©) 40% light gray voters can become 100% dark gray districts D) 60% light gray voters can become 60% dark gray districtsj2 Gerrymandering almost always benefits the parties in BID power, not those out of power, because those are the parties that have the influence necessary to restrict. B) Many perfectly viable candidates have been shut out by ° cruel and unfair districting practices. In this and in other D) political arenas, itis much easier to stay in power than to gain power ‘The real victims of gerrymandering, however, ae the A) voters, The process is sed quite often to disenfranchise B) certain voters by making BI they're votes less valuable ° In “majority-minority” districts in particular, districts with D) large non-white populations, gerrymandering can discount the importance of particular races or classes of voters, many BJ of whose voting interests may go against those in power. The American voting system works, but only B) when all votes are given an equal say in the outcome of an a election, a NO CHANGE power usually, power power for the good NO CHANGE their there they are NO CHANGE voters’ ) of their DELETE the underlined portion. Ea Prte est | 3334 | 9Practce Tests forthe SAT 2 Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage and supplementary material, ‘The Original Condition Ifyou've ever been to an art museum, you know the basic layout: long hallways and large rooms with paintings hung a few feet apart, You know how the paintings are the paintings have been arranged chronologically or certain means marked, and you know that thematically. ‘There’ one thing, however, which you've definitely noticed even if you can't quite articulate it. Particularly when looking at old paintings, all have that vividly new look, whether they were painted in 1950 or 1450. Even where the subject matter is older, the colors are vibrant, and you're never forced to wonder exactly what the painting must have looked like in its original state. of mankind he history of 1g is nearly as long as the history. A) NO CHANGE B) marked, C) being marked ina way, D) by so means of marking, A) NO CHANGE B) you've surely noticed how new all the paintings look, ©) noticing the new look of all the paintings is something you can do, D) the paintings always strike you as very new looking, ‘The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted? A) Deleted, because it strays from the paragraphs ‘major focus by introducing an irrelevant fact. B) Deleted, because it restates a historical detail th is provided in a later paragraph. ©) Kept, because it isa useful introduction to the topic of this paragraph. D) Kept, because it provides a humorous anecdote regarding the work of at restorers. Ns12 ‘This incredible feat is the work of a highly specialized group: art restorers. Despite this specialization, the profession has exploded in recent yeas. BI Art nce 1930, While restoration has been growing steadily the job of an art restorer may seem fairly straightforward Bi when looking, the job isin fact quite complicated Sometimes, as in the case of Michelangelo’ famous sculpture David, the cleaning and restoration of artworks isa simple EI] matter, applying chemicals, washing away grime, and scrubbing off the dirt At this point the writer wants to add specific information that is consistent with the focus of the paragraph Which choice most effectively provides a sentence with relevant and accurate information from the graph above? A) NO CHANGE B) ‘The number of book restorers who became art restorers tripled in 2000 ©) By the year 2020, it is predicted that art restoration will even eclipse art conservation. D) From 1970 to 2008, the percentage of people ‘working in art restoration has roughly tripled. A) NO CHANGE B) beholden, ©) at first glance, D) under your gaze, A) NO CHANGE B) matter ©) matter: D) matter; Ei!» 2i | Practice Test 1 | 35 |J2 BX] With most paintings, however the process is a good deal more involved because itis not necessarily just a matter of “cleaning” the older paintings. One cannot merely take a scrub brush to a centuries-old great work Because ofthe wide range of restoration techniques, art restoration itself can be controversial business. For many years, before museums became the high-volume to attractions they are today, art “restorers” were typically artists themselves. They would project some image of what the painting must have looked like originally and apply @ variety of techniques, up to preserve this “original.” [1] Now, however, more attention is paid to the historical quality of the artworks. [2] Some art historians EB who is writing today even go so far as to say that dirt and grime themselves are parts ofthe historical fabric of a painting and thus should be left in. [3] Others argue that the purity ofthe painting is all that matters. 4] ‘They will restore the original look ofa painting, even if that means “fixing” the painting by some non-paint means. EE Whatever methods they use, art restorers are more needed [i] for ever, but their work is also less permanent. In order to retain the integrity of the artwork in case the restorers make a mistake, all restoration must now be reversible, a reminder that art “history” is very much a thing of the present and the future. 36 | 9 Practice Tests forthe SAT NO CHANGE, Anyway, In this sense, Alongside cleaning, NO CHANGE to, and including, to and including to, and including NO CHANGE who are ‘whom is whom are ‘The writer wants to add the following sentence to th paragraph, For example, a recent restoration at Harvard's ‘Art Museums involved precisely calibrated light that would correct the color damage to a series ‘murals done by Mark Rothko in the 1960s. ‘The best placement for the sentence is immediately A) after sentence 1. B) after sentence 2 ) after sentence 3. D) after sentence 4. NO CHANGE by what than F CONTINUES‘f2 ‘Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage. ‘The Rise of Hyperion Literary critics have always paid the most attention to serious” authors. The great authors of recent memory, especially in American literature, have been distinctly literary” authors: Toni Morrison, Philip Roth, Thomas Pynchon, and Jonathan Franzen. Often overlooked in this, pantheon of great authors are the contributions of authors innon-traditional EE] modes. Specifically overlooked is fiction. In some ways, the novel that the genre of sci has hearkened back to the great authors of the Victorian nineteenth century is not Morrison's Beloved or Rothis American Pastoral but Hyperion by Dan Simmons. Simmons’ novel was published in 1989, and it won the Hugo Award for best science-fiction novel that year. All things considered, it is regularly listed among the greatest science-fiction novels of alltime. The novel that spawned a series of novels dealing with the same fantastic universe, the first of which was The Fall of Hyperion, published in 1990, Hyperion tells the story of seven pilgrims who travel tothe distant world of Hyperion in an attempt to avert a galaxy-wide war between hostile factions, Because the pilgrims are E¥j not sure ina complete way why they've been recruited for this “pilgrimage” they spend the long journey to Hyperion sharing EE your stories each of which illuminates the journey E] while explaining this new fantasy world to the reader. 1) Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) modes, which notably include B) modes, and overlooked in particular is C) modes, specifically D) modes, and one genre suffering neglect is NO CHANGE Forall that, C) Tothis day, D) Check this out, A) NO CHANGE B) which, ©) isthat which D) DELETE the underlined portion. A) NO CHANGE B) not sure in their entirety C) notentirely sure D) lacking a complete sureness A) NO CHANGE B) their ©) our D) everyone’: NO CHANGE when though D) asif E> prc Test | 37J2 Irthis structure El) of sound familiar, that’s because it draws on some of the great classics of literature, most notably The Canterbury Tales, which itself is a kind of travel narrative, as it follows pilgrims travel together to the Canterbury Cathedral, The name of the novel draws ‘on along literary history as well: poems by John Keats and novels by Friedrich Holderlin and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. BBY With all of these literary tributes, ‘great 38 | 9 Practice Tests forthe SAT A) NO CHANGE, B) and sounding ) sounding D) sounds A) NO CHANGE d B) pilgrim’ travels i ©) pilgrims traveling D) pilgrims traveling ° a ow Which choice most effectively sets up the informatie that follows? A) Dan Simmons must have studied the poems and essays of TS, Eliot at some point in his life. B) Even beyond these nominal debts, Hyperion pays homage to countless genres, including the war story and the detective novel. ©) But don't worry, there are still plenty of lasers and space ships in the book too. D) Although the critics of the early twentieth century probably would've loved it, many of them died before Hyperion was published.2 2i works ofliterature are expressions of, as TS. Eliot says, 3] “tradition and the individual talent? then Hyperion is At this point, the writer is considering adding the certainly a great work, following sentence. Some of TS. Fliot’s most famous poems are The In addition to its incredible achievements in terms of, Waste Land and “The Love Song of). Alfred Prufrock.” literary history, Hyperion is also a truly incredible work of science fiction. The future world it imagines is vivid, and Should the writer make this addition here? A) Yes, because it helps to put the literary quality of Hyperion into its appropriate context. its continuities with the contemporary world EY is clearly eae HP ee B) Yes, because it names another series of works that an entertaining novel—quite a combination! are overlooked for being non-traditional. ©) _No, because it introduces a new set of information “The fact that Hyperion is not as well known as some pa that does not have a clear link to the rest ofthe | of the more accepted “classics” should make us wonder passage Page vre mean by this term “classics” We should also D) No, because it disagrees with the passage’ central | wonder what else we've been missing because it hasnit met claim that Hyperion isthe greatest work of science | fiction ‘our traditional criteria for greatness. A) NO CHANGE B) hasbeen ©) being | D) are STOP Ifyou finish before time is called, you may check your work on t Do not turn to any other section in the test. section only. c Prate est | 38Math Test - No Calculator 25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Esa For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fill the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work, The use of a calculator is not permitted, All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated Al figures le ina plane unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function fis the set ofall real numbers x for which fix is.a real number, po ty af ts xN3 Special Right ‘Triangles The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles ofa triangle is 180, 40 | Practice Tests forthe SATDuring a certain week, Jan worked j hours each day for 3 days, and Noah worked n hours each day for 5 days, Which of the following represents the total combined number of hours worked that week by Jan and Noah? : A) 3j+5n B) 5j+3n © gin D) 15jn yt 2" 2c and 4, what is the value of y ? A) 16 B) 18 ©) 20 D) 22 For i= V=1, what is the sum (10 - 4i) + (3 + 61) ? A) 13-101 B) 1342% ©) 7-101 D) 7428 mg (ab? + 4a* + 60°!) ~ (-ab? +2ab? + 40°) Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above? A) 20°? B) -2atb* + 8a* ©) 2ab ~ 20° + 8a* D) 2ab? + 4a Ea» Pract Test [ 41 RRA SRE ERSTE enha2 w= 3,150 + 4501 A marine biologist uses the equation above to estimate the weight, w, ofa mature great white shark, in pounds, in terms of the shark’s fork length, I, in feet. Based on the equation, what is the estimated ‘weight increase, in pounds, for each foot of growth in fork length in a great white shark? A) 3,150 B) 2,700 ©) 1,350 D) 450 Juan is a book editor who is given a book to edit. The number of pages that he has left to edit at the end of each hour is estimated by the equation P = 326 - 12h, where ht represents the number of hours spent editing the book. What is the meaning of the value 326 in this equation? |A) Juan edits pages at a rate of 326 per day. B)_ Juan edits pages at arate of 326 per hour. ©) Juan is given a total of 326 pages to edit. D) Juan will finish editing the book in 326 hours. 49 Practve Tests forthe SAT 3 31] 1f <3, whatis the value of “22 2 a4 B) 6 me re DB o 4 f og , Dy+xe-l7 5x 4y=-15 ‘What is the solution (x,y) to the system of equations shown above? A) (1-5) B) (-4,-1) ©) 3.0) D) (5-11) NSIn order to buy a house, a couple takes on a mortgage of M dollars at an annual rate of r percent to be paid off over N months. Ifthe equation above is used to determine the monthly payment, c, that the couple needs to make to pay off the loan, which of the following expressions gives the value of M, in terms of cnandN? © M= 1+ | 1,200) 3] A line in the xy-plane has a slope of z and passes through the origin. Which of the following points lies on the line? (, 2) A) B) (2,3) ©) 4) D) (9,4) For the function f defined above, cis a constant and ‘fG) = 12. What is the value of f- A) -2 By 2 co 0 D) 12 Ea» Practice Test | | 433\] A= 240-20w If (ax-+ 3)(bx + 5) = 35x" + kx + 15 for all values of =320-30w and a + b= 12, what are the two possible values for k In the equations above, A and B represent the te price per night for a room in Hotel A and Hotel B, B) 15and35 Por respectively, w weeks after September 1 last autumn. ©) 2and25 What was the price per night in Hotel A when it was ean For! equal to the price per night in Hotel B? ente A) $80 ont B) $160 1a ©) s180 D) $220 a Ify > 5, which of the following is equivalent to : 4 113 y 5. Ifa -4b~ 18, what isthe value of aad a) 8p B) yp-7y +12 B) o# 6 D) The value cannot be determined from the information given. 4A | Practice Tests forthe SATPianos For questions 16-20, solve the problem and ‘enter your answer in the grid, as described below, on the answer sheet. 1. Although not required, itis suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you fil in the circles accurately. You will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 3. No question has a negative answer. 4, Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 5. Mixed numbers such as 31 must be gridded 2535 0r7/2 | Hg? is entered into the grid, it will be interpreted as 31, not as 1 aha 6. Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fill the entire grid Write answer in boxes, Grid ind result, z Answer: Z Answer: 25 2 -[7[7[a[2 Je Fraction fa Decimal ede BOGE! point eset aes ee NOTE: You may start your answers in any column, space permitting. Columns you don't need to Use should be left blank. E> Practve Test 1 | 48mmiles R Ina certain park, the layout of the six bicycle paths is shown in the figure above. The lengths of PQ, QT, Gand SR are 3 miles, 4 miles, 8 miles, and 10 miles, respectively Paths PR and ST intersect t point Q, and ZTPQis congruent to ZQRS. What is the value of m? 9 Practice Tests for the SAT 3] 36 =0, what is the value of y? Ina right triangle, one angle measures d°, where What is sin (90° ~ d*) ? ennwhat is the value of 2? OD) Ifc= 3V5 and 5c 2a+b=-33 What is the value of b in the system of equations shown above? STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test. Practice Test 1 | 47fe Al: Math Test - Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS ‘Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Else For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and fil in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. fs The use of a calculator is permitted. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which fx) isa real number. Oe +N ty at ts Azar? = 2nr Special Right Triangles The number of degrees of arcin a circle is 360. ‘The number of radians of arcin a circles 2m. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. 48 | 9Ptactce Tests othe SATInthe figure shown above, lines a and b are parallel and lines k and are parallel. If the measure of Zxis| 75%, what is the measure of Zy? A) us B) 75 ©) 105° D) 165° 0 #o — 70 «0 1 | 50 - 40 35 9 10 11 12 1 2 45 6 Time The graph above shows the number of customers per hour at a coffee shop. Over which of the following intervals is the number of customers strictly decreasing then strictly increasing? A) From9 A.M. to 12 RM, B) From 12pm. to2 pa. C) From 2 pas. to 5 pa. D) From 3:30 pM. to 6:30 RM Ify =~, where k isa constant, and y= 5 when x= 30, wk ‘what is the value of y when x= 42? A) 6 B) 7 ©) 10 D) 7 E> Practice Test 1 [a91 kilogram = 1,000 grams 10 decigrams = 1 gram how many 1 A) 300,000 B) 30,000 ©) 3,000 D) 300 Ls | A) 3 B) 8 ©) 18 D) 27 Practice Tests for the SAT A pharmacy sells a certain type of medication in |-decigram doses. Based on the information shown in the box above, three kilograms of medication contain decigram doses? If 6x ~ 4 is 11 less than 25, what is the value of 9x? 4\I Which of the graphs below best illustrates a strong Positive correlation between h and p ? Q ah Tr de tr pr A E BA e ih On oe, a DAQuestions 7 and 8 refer to the following information. p=101 + 10.094d ‘The total pressure on an object submerged in the ocean depends on the depth of the object beneath the surface. ‘The formula above shows the relationship between p, pressure, in kilopascals, and d, depth, in meters [At which ofthe following depths will the total pressure be closest to 200 kilopascals? A) 8 meters B) 9 meters C) 10 meters D) 11 meters Which of the following formulas expresses depth in terms of pressure? Po 10.094 10.094 Wi-p gah tol ° ane 10.094 p-101 D) d= 10.094 alg Wind Turbine Operation in Five Counties L1tiiitt El Dorado I Del Norte TTI Calaveras TTI Butte [TTT Alameda 012345678 91001 ‘The number of wind turbines in use in five counties is shown in the graph above. If there are a total of 3,750 wind turbines operating in these five counties, ‘which of the following is an appropriate label for the horizontal axis of the graph? A) Number of wind turbines (in tens) B) Number of wind turbines (in hundreds) ©) Number of wind turbines (in thousands) D) Number of wind turbines (in tens of thousands) Ea» Pract Test | | 51[4 For how many values of kis it true that [k ~ equal to one? A) None B) One ©) Two D) More than two +2is Number of Residents in Each of 14 Apartments a on ‘Which of the following integers CANNOT be a solution to the inequality 6x - 4<7x-3? Ay an) ; o-l : D) -2 4 Weights of potatoes (in ounces) [2[3[3[4l4[a[s [slo 717\|7|7|8|s8|9]9} e 1 4. Anagriculture class harvested 18 potatoes from 3° the school garden and compiled the weights of £4 the potatoes in the table above. Ifthe 2-ounce % measurement is removed from the data, which of the Zs a following statistical measures of the values listed will E change the least? z 2 rq ‘A) The mean 1 4 B) ‘The median ©) The range pops 45 6 7 D) The total Number of apartments According to the histogram shown above, which of, the following is closest to the average (arithmetic ‘mean) number of residents per apartment? A)3 B) 3.25 O35 D)4 52 | 9Practce Tests forthe SAT4 ptx>y roxey Inthe xy-plane, (2, 2) is a solution to the system of inequalities shown above. Which of the following ‘must be true about p and r? A) psr B) r

PrctcoTestt | 7When polynomial g(x) is divided by x ~ 4, the remainder is 3. Which of the following statements y about g(x) must be true? A) g-4)=3 rit I B) g(4)=3 a ©) x-4isa factor of gx) For D) x+3isa factor of g(x). Wl Iv 3s 1 1 If the system of inequalities y2x+2andy2 4-1) is graphed in the xy-plane shown above, how many quadrants will contain solutions to the system? | 2: 3 4 4 7 B)3 o2 Dt 5. ‘The figure above shows the graph in the xy-plane of the function f(x) = x? + 2x ~ 8. Which ofthe following is an equivalent form of the function /that includes the coordinates of vertex Vas constants in the function? A) fls)= (e+ 0-9 D) fla) =(x+2)(-4) 58 | 9Practie Tests forthe SAT4 BES For questions 31-38, solve the problem and center your answer in the grid, as described below, on the answer sheet. 1. Although not required, itis suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you fill in the circles, accurately. You will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly. 2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. No question has a negative answer. 4, Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one answer. 5. Mixed numbers such as 3.1 must be gridded 535 0r 7/2. (if 12 | isentered into J the grid, it will be interpreted as 31, not as 1 3h) 6. Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fil the entire grid. Write answer in boxes. Answer Z Fraction Answer: 25 NOTE: You may start your answers in any column, space permitting. Columns you don't need to use should be left blank. > Prate Test! | 584 Amount of Greg's Heating Bill Each Month from January to June 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Month ‘The line chart above shows the amount of Greg's monthly heating bill from January to June. The amount of his bill in April was what fraction of the amount of his bill in February? A worker at a shoe factory is required to box at least 8 pairs of shoes per minute, but is not allowed to box more than 12 pairs of shoes per minute, According to this information, what is a possible amount of time, in minutes, that it could take the worker to box 168 pairs of shoes? 60 {9 Practice Tests forthe SAT Safety regulations in a certain building require that the elevator not carry more than 1,600 pounds. A delivery driver will enter the elevator with a pallet containing a certain number of identical cartons tha weigh 45 pounds each. If the combined weight of the delivery driver and the empty pallet is 250 pounds, what is the maximum number of cartons that will allowed by the building's safety regulations? — 9inches An aluminum can in the shape of aright circular cylinder has a diameter of 9 inches and a volume of 81 cubic inches. What is the height of the can, in inches?4 For what value of xis the expression undefined? ‘A train passes through the Appleton train station every 20 minutes. The first train each day passes through at 6:00 A.x., and the last train passes through at 10:40 pat, How many trains pass through the Appleton station in one day? 4 Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following information. Helene purchased a $50 savings bond, issued by city 4, which earns interest that is compounded annually. She uses the expression $50(1.03)'to find the value of the savings bond after years. What is the annual interest rate, expressed as a percentage, earned by the savings bond? (Disregard the percent sign when gridding in your answer.) Helene's sister Carolyn purchased a $50 savings bond issued by city B. Carolyn’s bond has an interest rate, compounded annually, that is 1 percent greater than the interest rate earned by Helene’s bond. After 12 years, the value of Carolyn’s bond will be how much greater than the value of Helene’s bond? (Round your answer to the nearest cent and disregard the dollar sign when gridding in your answer) STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test. Practice TestSAT Essay DIRECTIONS REMINDER Do not write your essay in this booklet. Only what you write on the lined Pages of your answer booklet will be evaluated The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. In your essay you should demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and logical analysis, and use language precisely. i — Anoff-topic essay will nl Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer be evaluated, sheet booklet; except for the planning page of the answer booklet, you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. | You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay in response to the prompt provided inside this booklet. Practice Tests for the SATAs you read the passage below, consider how Eleanor Roosevelt uses + evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims. + reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence. «stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed. Adapted from Eleanor Roosevelt, “The Struggle for the Rights of Man.” The speech was delivered to the United Nations in Paris, France on September 28, 1948. Thave come this evening to talk with you on one of the greatest issues of our time—that is the preservation of human freedom. I have chosen to discuss it here in France, at the Sorbonne, because here in this soil the roots of human freedom have long ago struck deep and here they have been richly nourished. It was here the Declaration of the Rights of ‘Man was proclaimed, and the great slogans of the French Revolution—Iiberty, equality, fraternity—fired the imagination of men. I have chosen to discuss this issue in Europe because this has been the scene of the greatest historic battles between freedom and tyranny We must not be confused about what freedom is, Basic human rights are simple and easily understood: freedom of speech and a free press; freedom of religion and worship; freedom of assembly and the right of petition; the right of men to be secure in their homes and free from unreasonable search and seizure and from arbitrary arrest and punishment We must not be deluded by the efforts of the forces of reaction to prostitute the great words of our free tradition and thereby to confuse the struggle. ‘There are basic differences that show up even in the use of words between a democratic and a totalitarian country. For instance “democracy” means one thing to the U.S.S.R. and another the U.S.A. and, I know, in France. I have served since the first meeting of the nuclear commission on the Human Rights Commission, and I think this point stands out clearly. ‘The US.S.R. Representatives assert that they already have achieved many things which we, in what they call the “bourgeois democracies” cannot achieve because their government controls the accomplishment of these things. Our government seems powerless to them because, in the last analysis, itis controlled by the people. They would not put it that way they would say that the people in the U.S.S.R. control their government by allowing their government to have certain absolute rights. We, on the other hand, feel that certain rights can never be granted to the government, but must be kept in the hands of the people. Ea» ProcteTest | 6364 | 9Practce Tests forth SAT 1 think the best example one can give of this basic difference of the use of terms is “the right to work.” The Soviet Union insists that this is a basic right which it alone can guarantee because it alone provides full employment by the government. But the right to work in the Soviet Union means the assignment of workers to do whatever task is given to them by the government without an opportunity for the people to participate in the decision that the government should do this. A society in which everyone works is not necessarily a free society and may indeed be a slave society; on the other hand, a society in which there is widespread economic insecurity can turn freedom into a barren and vapid right for millions of people. We in the United States have come to realize it means freedom to choose one's job, to work or not to work as one desires. We, in the United States, have come to realize, however, that People have a right to demand that their government will not allow them to starve because, as individuals, they cannot find work of the kind they are accustomed to doing, and this is a decision brought about by public opinion which came as a result of the great depression in which many people were out of work, but we would not consider in the United States that we had gained any freedom if we were compelled to follow a dictatorial assignment to work where and when we were told. The right of choice would seem to us an important, fundamental freedom, The place to discuss the issue of human rights is in the forum of the United Nations. The United Nations has been set up as the common meeting ground for nations, where we can Consider together our mutual problems and take advantage of our differences in experience. It is now as always our hope that despite the wide differences in approach we face in the world today, we can with mutual good faith in the principles of the United Nations Charter, arrive at a common basis of understanding, Write an essay in which you explain how Eleanor Roosevelt builds her argument that the United Nations should create a Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In your essay, analyze how Roosevelt uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of her argu- ‘ment. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Roosevelt's claims, but rather explain how Roosevelt builds an argument to persuade her audience. END OF TEST DO NOT RETURNTO A PREVIOUS SECTION.(conte robles at. 2p Hye mee onsale sea ese ok nga, sty ma | sour: _ ove oR (tse oe | || faites) De® aa DQ® BD Dale KD] aD) Do ID|D} wa ola} Bo) n|o @)@| aD] | 2 ae a ae ® aq @ Ba fc >| >| | ao i> Do iD Bo I> wo iw @a@ 2 ae iD aa) |x Start with number 1 for each new section, Tra section has fewer questions than answer spaces, leave the extra answer spaces blank. DOOD 1DDOD 1DDOD IDDOD DHOD (DOOD 1DDOD (DHDOD BDOD DOD DOOD DOD DBSOD DBHOD DOOe DOOD DDBOD 1DDOD DOO 1DDOD © hn a ry 5 1DOOD LDOBOD 1DOOD 1 DDOD * » » 2 2 DOOD DOOD DDOD DDOD DOOD DEO OD 5SDOOD s‘DDOOD IDDOD LDDOD LDDOD LDDOD 1.DDOD LDDOD Section 2—Writing and Language Skills LDDOD 1DOOD 1DDOO (DDBOD 1DDOD (DOOD DOPOD UD D&D 1. BD > BD 2D BO D BD B MAD CB > BD LDOOD LDDOD LDDOD DOOD LDDOD LDDOD BDDBO< 1DDO LDDOD IDDOD rDOOD 1DDOD IDDOD rDDOD IDDOD IDDOD SDDOOD 1DDOD IDDOD IDDOOD 3D DOD 1DDOD 1LDD OD LDOBOD LDDOD (DODOD| Test @ ‘Start with number 1 for each new section. fa section has fewor questions than answer spsces, Section 3—Mathematics: No Calculator 1@® e9egeeees boes866 IDDOD IDDOOD SDDOD IDOOD leave the extra answer spaces blank. OD * 1 88 8 966666! 88 86868 é(Li tin < Chapter 4 Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations