The Amazing Cell

Presented in fulfilment of the requirements for Botany Lecture 101

Ajan Jr., Al-sahie J.

Delos Santos, Arthur Lois N.
Gaganting, Ephraim Joash A.
Idjilani, Fatima Aseya L.
Nasiri, Rowena A.

Mrs. Darlyn Flores

Botany 101 Teacher

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

Normal Road, Baliwasan 7000 Zamboanga City, Philippines

October 22, 2020

Name: Ajan, Delos Santos, Gaganting, Idjilani, Nasiri Date: October 22, 2020

Year & Section: BS BIO 1-A Schedule: MTh (10-11:30)

Part 1.
1. In the table below put a check mark in the box to show if the organelle is present in
the types of cells given and in one sentence give the function of this organelle.

Cell Prokaryote Eukaryote Function

Organelle/Structure

Cell membrane The plasma membrane (also known

  as the cell membrane) is the
outermost cell surface, which
separates the cell from the external
environment. To transport nutrients
into the cell and also to transport toxic
substances out of the cell.
Cell wall A cell wall is a structural layer
  surrounding some types of cells, just
outside the cell membrane. It can be
tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It
provides the cell with both structural
support and protection, and also acts
as a filtering mechanism.
Nucleus The nucleus controls and regulates
 the activities of the cell (e.g., growth
and metabolism) and carries the
genes, structures that contain the
hereditary information. It coordinates
cell activities like protein synthesis
Mitochondria Mitochondria are membrane-bound
 cell organelles (mitochondrion,
singular) that generate most of the
chemical energy needed to power the
cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical
energy produced by the mitochondria
is stored in a small molecule called
adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Chloroplast Chloroplasts are organelles that
 conduct photosynthesis, where the
photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll
captures the energy from sunlight,
converts it, and stores it in the energy-
storage molecules ATP and NADPH
while freeing oxygen from water in
plant and algal cells.
Rough Endoplasmic The rough endoplasmic reticulum has
Reticulum  on it ribosomes, which are small,
 round organelles whose function it is
to make those proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Reticulum  functions in many metabolic
processes. It synthesizes lipids,
phospholipids as in plasma
membranes, and steroids. Cells that
secrete these products, such as cells of
the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands,
have an excess of smooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
Golgi Body A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi
 apparatus, is a cell organelle that
helps process and package proteins
and lipid molecules, especially
proteins destined to be exported from
the cell.
Ribosome The ribosome is a complex
  made of protein and RNA and which
adds up to numerous million Daltons
in size and assumes an important part
in the course of decoding the genetic
message reserved in the genome into
protein. When it comes to the main
functions of ribosomes, they assume
the role of bringing together amino
acids to form particular proteins,
which are important for completing
the cell's activities.
Vacuole Especially in protozoa, vacuoles are
  cytoplasmic organs (organelles),
performing functions such as storage,
ingestion, digestion, excretion, and
expulsion of excess water.
Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes.
 Lysosomes are involved with various
cell processes. They break down
excess or worn-out cell parts. They
may be used to destroy invading
viruses and bacteria.
Table 1. Organelles that are present in the types of cell
1. Label the diagrams below

ROUGH
ENDOPLASMIC
NUCLEUS
RETICULUM
SMOOT
H
CENTROSOME
ENDOP
LASMIC

RIBOSOMES

CENTRAL
GOLGI VACUOLE
APPARATUS
TONOPLAST

CYTOSKELETON

MITOCHONDRION

PERIXOSOME

PLASMA MEMBRANE CHLOROPLAST

CELL
WALL

PLASMODE
WALL OF SMATA
ADJACENT CELL

Fig. 1. Plant Cell with label

Image Source: Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
(ER)
Nucleus

Rough ER Smooth ER

Flagellum

Centrosome

Peroxisome
Ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

Plasma Membrane
Microvilli

Mitochondrion

Lysosome
Cytoskeleton

Image Source: Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 2. Animal Cell with label

Part 2.

Group yourselves into 4 and let us see how well you can make a summary of what you
know about the cell.

1. Below is a table that lists the names of the cell structure/s. Now, compare animal,
plant and bacterial cells by putting an (/) if the structure is present and an (x) if
the structure is absent under each column.

Cell Plant Cell Animal Cell Bacterial Cell

Structure/Organelle

Cell wall / x /

Cell membrane / / /

Cytoplasm / / /

Mitochondria / / x

Ribosomes / / /

Endoplasmic / / x
reticulum
Golgi bodies / / x

Lysosomes / / x

Vacuoles / / /

Chloroplasts / x x

Nucleus / / x

Table 2. Name of the cell structure that is present in different types of cell
2. Compare and contrast between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell and between plant
and animal cell using a Venn diagram.

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells


-Prokaryotes were the first form of
life. Scientists believe
that eukaryotes evolved from
prokaryotes around 2.7 billion
years ago.
-Prokaryotic cells do not membrane-
bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cells have a
membrane-bound nucleus
-contains many membrane-bound
All life on Earth organelles 
consists of either
eukaryotic cells -Eukaryote DNA consists of multiple
or prokaryotic molecules of double-stranded linear
cells. DNA

-have no membrane-bound organelles -In eukaryotic cells, transcription and

-Prokaryotes DNA is double-stranded
and circular
-In prokaryotic cells, transcription and
translation are coupled, meaning
translation begins during mRNA synthesis.
All cells, whether
prokaryotic or eukaryotic, translation are not coupled. Transcription
share these four features: occurs in the nucleus, producing mRNA.
1. DNA The mRNA then exits the nucleus, and
2. Plasma membrane translation occurs in the cell’s cytoplasm.
3. Cytoplasm
4. Ribosomes

Fig. 3. Similarities and differences of Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells

Plant Cells Animal Cells

 -plant cells contain -Animal cells are generally
chloroplasts since they need smaller than plant cells
to perform photosynthesis Plant and animal
cells are both -Animal cells come in various
Plant cells are more similar in eukaryotic cells sizes and tend to have round
size and are typically rectangular or irregular shapes
or cube shaped.
Have several features in common, -Animals cells store energy in the
Plant cells are more similar in such as the presence of a cell form of the complex carbohydrate
size and are typically rectangular membrane, and cell organelles, glycogen
or cube shaped. like the nucleus, mitochondria and
endoplasmic reticulum. -Of the 20 amino acids needed to
-Plant cells store energy as produce proteins, only 10 can be
starch. produced naturally in animal
These cells have a true nucleus,
cells. The other so-called
which houses DNA and is
-Plants are capable essential amino acids must be
separated from other cellular
of synthesizing all 20 acquired through diet.
structures by a nuclear
amino acids.
membrane.
-Animal cells do not have a cell
-Plant cells have a cell wall wall but have a cell membrane.
composed of cellulose as
well as a cell membrane.

Fig. 4. Similarities and differences of Plant Cells and Animal Cells

3. With your group make a list of the different parts/structures of the cell. Next to each one,
identify things from home that functions in the same way. Make a diagram of the cell with
materials found at home and explain this analogy to the cell...You may choose between a
plant and an animal cell.

Cell Things/objects Functions

Structure/Organelle found at home that
has the same
function with Cell
Structure/Organelle
Ribosomes Scanner Scanner reads and captures image
and turn them into files like
ribosomes that reads and synthesize
RNA and protein.
Endoplasmic Jar Jar transports and processes or
Reticulum (ER) contains stuff just like the ER.
Cell Membrane Door, windows and They regulate and allow only selected
other openings of the things that can come in and out.
House
Cell Wall Wall of the House The wall protects the house
perimeter just like the cell membrane
protects the organelles inside.
Cytoplasm Floor Floor contains all parts of the house
and holds them together like
cytoplasm hold the organelles
Mitochondria Circuit Breaker Circuit breaker provides electric
current around the house just like
mitochondria provides energy in the
cell
Golgi Body Car A Golgi Body can be compared to a
care because a car transports people
out of the house to different
locations.
Nucleus Parents Our parents control mostly of the
situations or things happening inside
 the house.
Cytoskeleton Steel Reinforcement Cytoskeleton can be compared to
steel reinforcement inside the hollow
blocks of the wall because they
provide tensile strength so the house
will not collapse easily.
Centrosome Book shelves It serves as organizing center for
books like centrosome for organizing
microtubules.
Vacuole Water tank Like Vacuole, it helps maintain water
balance.
Lysosomes Trash bins/cans Lysosomes are like trashcans because
they get rid of household waste like
lysosomes get rid of cell waste.

Table 3. Parts of the cell with the same function with things found at home

3D model of Animal and Plant Cell (Made by Our Group)

Nucleus

Nuclear Envelope
 Nuclear Pore
Nucleolus Microfilament
Chromatin
Lysosome Centrioles

Mitochondrion Peroxisome

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum

Microtubules
Vesicle/s Rough
Golgi
Cell membrane Microvilli Endoplasmic Reticulum
Bodies/Apparatus

Ribosome/s
Figure 5. 3D Model of an Animal Cell
 Figure 6. 3D Model of a Plant Cell
Nucleus

Rough
Nuclear
Endoplasmic
Centrosome Envelope Nucleolus Chromatin
Reticulum

Golgi Bodies
Ribosomes

Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Cytoskeleton

Vacuole
Tonoplast

Chloroplast
Mitochondrion

Peroxisome

Plasma
Membrane

Cytoplasm

Plasmodesmata
Cell Wall
Documentations:

Animal Cell
Plant Cell