2826 /ToRsION Figue E67 Sold rela cross section (a) Yield at = (Vil tr = by. (€ Residual shea ses. (6) Likewise, the twisting moment 7 due to the shear stress up to r= bys that i, i the elastic core, by Eq (6.15) with J = xbf/2,is cbt a = Beh © ‘The torque Ty dve to the sess in the yielded (plastic) region of the b + ay 2 = [Lewd 20a 6 1 fal ml cet ii Bo en, mentee t=Ses(t*—'n) ® (@)‘Thefully plastic or limiting momen 7 is given by Eq. (g letting by +0. Thus, 2 T= pe Cy i Proms 288 ‘This result agrees wih that of Table 6, Dividing Ea, (h)by Ea (a we obtain 1. 4 sh o ‘Thus, the limiting moment 7; is 4/3 times larger than the torque that nites ‘eld recall the relation Mp = 5M; for Bending of a rectangular bear, Ea. (442)) (©) When the limiting torque Tis leased, the bar springs back unwinds) elas- tically, and the shea stress-strain curve will follow a path similar to CA in Fig. 44. Since the limiting torque is T= 47/3, the elastic stress recovery at = bis 4ey/3, Hence, singe the shear sires i inially at ~ ba residual Shear stress %/3 inthe opposite sense of remains atr ~b, However, atthe center ofthe cross section = 0) the residual tress remain inthe original Sense, as shown in Fig, B67, Since the recovery is clastic, the shear sess ‘ence, the residual shear stiess i er0 at PROBLEMS Sections 6.1-6.8 G1. Derive the relation for the shear stress distribution on the axis for the equilateral triangle in Fig. 69 62. Derive Eqs (6.49) forthe equilateral triangle 63. Asquare shaft may be used to transmit power from a frm trator to fren implements. A 250.mm square shafts made ofa steel having a yield stress of Y= 380 MPa, Determine the torque that can be applied to the shaft ‘based om a factor of sulety of SP ~ 200 by using the octahedral shear stress citron of lure. G4. A square shat has 420-mm sides and the same crose-sctional area as sas having circular and equilateral triangular cross sections. If each Shas subjected toa torque of 1.00 KN-m, determine the maximum sheat stress for each of the three salts. ANS Cae = 6489 MP2, Sayje = 4782MPQ, Eye = 7686 MPA a ‘The shafts in Problem 64 are made ofa ste for which G = 725 GPa. Determine the unit angle of twist foreach shat. (66. The lethand section of the torsion member in Fig. E63 is 200 m loag, and the righthand section is 1.00 m long It is made of an aluminum alloy for which G=27.1 GPa, Determine the magnitude of Tz i 7, = 350 N-m and the maximum shear stress s 45.0 MPa, Neglect tress concentrations at changes in section. Determine the angle of twist ofthe fee end, The sup- port at the ltt end prevents rotation of this cross section but does not revent warping ofthe cross section, Ans. Ty 161.3 Nem, angle of twist = 0.1391 rad284 6 / TORN 60. 69. 0, on, ou. 613, ou, A torsion member hasan elipticalcros setion with major and minor ‘dimensions of $00 mm and 30.0 mm, respectively. The yield stress of the material inthe torsion member is Y ~ 400 MPa, Determine the maximum torque that can be applied 1o the torsion member based on a factor of safety of SF = 188 using the maximum shear stress criterion of failure. [A stool bar has a roctangular cross section 12.7 mm wide and 38.1 mm deep. The ba is subjected to a twisting moment T'= 138.7 Nem. The shear yal stress ofthe materials 827 MPa, (#) By Bq, 650) calculate the maximum shear stress inthe bar and show ina diagram where it ours, () Calculate the shear stress in the bar atthe center of the short side Ans. (2) taue = $2.7 MPa, (0) = 27.6 MPa A bar of stel has a tensile yield stress ¥ = 345 MPa and shear yield stress +) = 207 MPa, The bar has a rectangular cross section, and itis subjected oa twisting moment T = $65 Nem, The working stress limit ofthe bar is two-thitds Ifthe width of the eross section ofthe bat is 2k = 19 mm, determine the length 2b ofthe cross seetion (Fig. 6.10; [A rectangular bar has a cross section such that bjh = k and it is subjected toa twisting moment T: A ylindial bar of diameter dis also subjected to T. Show thatthe maximum shear stresses in the two bars are equal, pro- vided d = 341/(kk,)* andthe bas remain elastic. ‘The depth 26 of a rectangular cross section torsion bar is 38.1 mm (Fig. 610, Determine the required width 2h so thatthe maximum shear stress produced init is the same as that in a eyindrical bar $1 mm in dia- meter, both bars bsing subjected fo the same twisting moment. ‘Two bars, one witha square cross section and one with a circular eross section, have equal cros-sectional areas, The bars are subjected to equal twisting moments. Determine the ratio of the maximum shear stesses in the two bars, assuming that they remain elastic An8 Canny 136 aris [A stepped stel shaft ABC has lengths AB = Ly = 10 m and BC = Ly = 1.27 m, with diameters = 25.4 mm and d3 = 1908 mm, spectively, The Stes! has a yeldstess Y= 450 MPa and shear modulus G= 77 GPa. A twisting moment i applied atthe stepped section B. Ends 4 and Care fixed. (#) Determine the valu of T that first causes yielding. (8). For this value of T, determine the angle of rotation fat section B. Consider hollow lite cylinder with its outer eliptie surface defined by Gh + (v6? = Land inner eliptic surface defined by [s/h]? + [iio = 1. Show that weseor or EU KG I moots 285, and or 9 tn he Shwe eC ») Ks the value of ¢ on the inner eliptic surface, 4, isthe area bounded by the inner elipse and R isthe slid region bounded by the inner and outer ellipses. r= [ [2644+ 2ksAu ube 8 Sections 6.4-6.6 66.15. Find the maximum shear stress and unit ange of twit of the bar having. the ross section shown in Fig-P615 when subjeted toa torque at its ends ‘of 600 Nem. The bar ismade of astoe! for which G ~ 775 GPa. 0 m4 a seem oe is Figure Ps (6.16. An aluminum alloy extruded section (Fig. PS.16)i subjected toa torsional load. Determine the maximum torque that canbe applied to the member if the maximum shear stress is 750 MPa. Neglect stress concentrations at ‘changes in section. Ans, T= 6684 Nem For a thinwall circular cross-section tube, show thatthe polar moment of inertia J ofthe cross section is approximately J = 2nR°t, where R is the ‘mean radius ofthe tube andi the wall thickness. Determine the percent ror inJ ar ineeases from 0001 Rto 0.2 R286 6 / rows a8, 619, 620, | lpm me om we Pas A thin-vall torsion member subjected to torque T has the cross section showa in Fig. P618, The wall thickness! constant throughout the sec- tion By the theory of Se. 66, in terms of, and, I | Ee /_—,_+ , —_| Figure P68 (2) derive formulas for the shear sires inthe outer walls andthe interior web and (8) derive a formula forthe unit angle of twist, Disregard the eflects of Remove the interior web in the cross section of Fig. P68. Derive for. ‘mulas for the shear stress and unit angle of twist ofthe section. Ignore the ‘fet of stess concentrations. For the cross section in Problem 6.9, make asl lengthwise along the rember so as to form an open eross section. Derive formulas forthe shear stress and unit angle of twist. Compare the results to those obtained in Problem 619. {A thineval brass tube (G = 276 GPa) has an equilateral triangular cross section. The mean length of onesie of the triangle is 254 mm and the 62, 62, ou, Proms 287 all thickness 2.54 mm. The tube is subjected {0 twisting moment T 20:m-N. Determine the maximum shear stress and angle of twist pe unt Teng ofthe tube Ans. Saye 141 MPa, 8 = 010696 rain ‘An aluminum (G =267 GPa) torsion bar has the cross section shown, in Fig P622. The moment T= 1386 m-N. p04 Figure P22 (2) Determine the maximum shear stress tau and ange of twist per unit length (8) Ac what location in the cross setion does ge O80? Ignore stress = concentrations. Compare the shear stress and the unit angle of twist for three thin-vall sections: a circular tube, a square tube, and an equilateral triangle. The three sections have equal wal thicknesses and equal perimeters. Ans. Syne = 121 as ate = 165 Fo 182 na ne 274 Bee {A steel (G = 79 GPa) torsion bar is subjected to twisting moments T = 226 msN atts ends (Fig. P64) The bar is 12 m long. (2) Determine the ange of twist of one end relative tothe other end (©) Determine the maximum shear stress and its location inthe section,2886 / TRON | al Le em Figure P62 4625. (a) Compare the twisting moments required to give the same angle of twist per unit length tothe two Sections shown in Fig. P62. (©) Compare the twisting moments required to cause the same maximum shear stress, Hgnore the fect of stress concentrations. [testes [Ape Ih T T Tr Figure P625 626, The hollow circular and square thin-wall torsion members in Fig. P626 have identical values for b and «Neglecting the stress concentrations at Proms 289 the comers ofthe square, determine the ratio ofthe torques and nit angle Of twists forthe two torsion members for equal shear steses in each, 627. A hollow thin-vall brass tube hasan equilateral triangular cross setion, ‘The mean length ofeach side of the triangle i 400 mm. The wall thickness ¥s 400 mm. Determine the torque and unit angle of twist for an average shear stress of 200 MPa, and for G = 31.1 GPa Ans, T. 108 Nem, 0 = 00559 rad/mn (628, A hollow rectangular thin-wal ste torsion member has the cross setion Shoven in Fig, P28. The steel has a yield stress Y — 360 MPa and shear modulus of elasticity of G = 77.5 GPa. Determine the maximum torque ‘that may be applied to the torsion member, based on a factor of safety of ‘SF = 200 for tho octahedral shear stres erteion of fire, What is the ‘unit ange of twist when the maximum torgue is applied? Figwe P6238 (629. The hollow thin-wall torsion member of Fig. P629 has wniform thickness walls Show that walls BC, CD, and CF are stesesree. Figure P5629 630, The aluminim (G=27.1 GPa) hollow thin-wall torsion member in Fig. P6.30 has the dimensions shown, Is length 300 m. If the member Js subjectod to a torque T'= 11.0 kN=m, determine the maximum shear stres and angle of ris.290 6 / ronson Section 6.7 oa. 62. { T Soe [A wide-flange tel (£ = 200 GPa and G = 775 GPa) -beam has a depth (of 300 mm, web thickness of 15 mm, Mange width of 270 mum, lange thick ‘ness of 20 mm, and length of 800m. The [-beam is ixed at one end and fee at the other end. A fisting moment T= 7.0 KN-m is applied atthe fee nd. Determine the maximum normal stress and maximum shear sres in the beam and the ange of rotation f ofthe fe end of the I-beam “The Fbeamn in Fig, P632 ie an aluminum alloy (E = 720 GPa and G-= 271 GPa) extruded section. Ie is fixed at the wall and attache rigidly to the thick massive plate atthe other end. Determine the magnitude of P for (60 MPa, ‘Ans P= 1.085 KN, remy Le la ah Ne ye Figue P632 vareaences 201 6.3. Let the thick pate in Problem 6.32 be subjected to a torque T = 150 Nem directed along the axis ofthe I-beam. Determine the maximum shear sres and angle of twist fof the pte. Section 6.8 634. (a) By the inte diference method, determine the maximum shear sess for a solid rectangular torsion member rubjcted to a twisting mo- ‘meat T. The cross section of the member has dimensions a x 2a, Use 4 mesh dimension of k= a (8) Repeat pat (a) using a mesh dimension h = a/8. (©) Compare the results of parts (a) and (b) with the results obtained in Sec. 68 (@) Use Bq. (6100) to obtain an improved estimate of maximum shear Section 6.9 6.35. Derive the elation fr the fly plastic torque for a rectangular eros sec- tion having dimensions 2a by 2, (636. Derive the relation fo the filly plastic torque forthe cross scons inthe first ow of Table 64. (637. A rectangular section torsion member has dimensions of 100 mm by 130 mm and is made of stel for which the shear yield point i ty = 1000 MPa. Determine Ty for the cross section and the ratio of Tp t0-T;, ‘where T;is the maximam elastic torque. 6.38. A rectangular hollow torsion member has external dimensions of 200 mm by 400 mm. The cross section has 8 uniform thickness of 30 mm. For material that has a shear stress ty = 120 MPa, determine the fly plastic torque Ans. 6.39. Repeat Example 67 fora hollow ctcular eros section with outer radius ‘rand inne REFERENCES ‘American Institute of Stes! Construction, Ine. (AISC) (1983). Torsion Analyse of ‘Steel Members. Chicago I Arutyunyen, N. Kh, and Abramyan, B. L, (1963, Torsion of Bsc Bodies. Moscow: Fizmatgiz (in Russian). Arutyunyan, N. Kh, Abramyan, BL, and Naumov, V. E (1988), Torsion of ‘Inhomogeneous Shafts’ In Mechanics of Deformable Solids (A. Yu, Islinski, co). New York: Allerton Press, Chapter