Biodiversity — topic 1 How does diversity contribute to species survival?Examining Diversity ° Aspecies is a particular group of organisms that have the same structure and can reproduce with each other. * Scientists estimate there are between 30 - 100 million kinds of living things living today * Identified species * 1.5 million species of animals * 350 000 species of plants that have been identified by biologists. * About 1/5 of species are insectsAll living things ... * are made up of cells * need energy * grow and develop * reproduce * have adaptations which suit them to the specific habitat in which they live.Biological Diversity * Refers to all the different types of organisms on Earth. ° There are so many living things, that scientists need to examine them in smaller groups » With your table group, discuss: ‘Why do so many different types of organisms exist on Earth today? Be ready to share!Measuring Biodiversity * Biological diversity is the number and variety of organisms in an area Biologists use the Diversity index to measure biological diversity Diversity Index = number of runs / total number of plants Observations for park 2 me (YY al 00etom w TPP) 80010 » 9 POET 1 0F»How do we classify living things? * The two-name Latin naming system for all living things was developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century, enabling scientists, around the world, to refer to the same species, by the same name. ° This classification system was much more reliable than previous systems, because he used structure, rather than habitat. * Two words identify each organism. * The 1st represents the organisms genus and the 2nd represents the organisms particular species.There are so many types of organisms, we classify them into 5 large groups or Kingdoms. 5 Kingdoms Protista Fung Plants Animals Multicelular Unicelular decomnsers Mutticellular Multcellular Algae and pases Carry out Fat other moulds, yeasts, . protozoans sehen photosynthesis organisms Monera Unicelular bacteriaAnimal, Plant, Fungi Kingdoms Mammals, birds, amphibians, “reptiles”, fish Insects Snails and slugs Sponges, Jellyfish, Worms, Sea stars, etc. Spiders, mites, scorpions, crabs, shrimp Plants hop teat. de execing te eng eta en ‘epwrres one crton ea rm ts pa sted te (ve: bea no separ otes. (6) rer along period of tine. thi wat happened.Natural selection N Why did the two populations develop different traits? Identify specific factors the fish may have had to adapt to, such as food source. If the water level of the lake rose once more allowing the two groups of fish to mix. What factors might prevent them from interbreeding? In the new lake that contains both species of fish, identify the: » Population or populations - * Community or communities — * Niche (be specific) -Natural Selection: the environment “selects” which organisms will survive, reproduce and pass on the (“favored”/"selected”) genes. Kettlewell’s peppered moth experiment Peppermoths.weebly.comCase Study: Peppered Moth * Kettlewell’s peppered moth experimentWhat did Darwin’s Travels reveal The diversity of living species was far greater than anyone had previously known!! These observations led hi to develop the theory of evolution!!3.How did tortoises and birds differ among the islands of the Galapagos? Leaves /cam— Darwin's Finches — sve/ Fruit * Each island a ADAPTIVE RADIATION Se had its ow Te. a pwr type of tortoises ai SS birds that rests ae Ne were clearl as i sige different fr} rr i oa aa other islanGalapagosAnother Example of Natural Selection * Dr. Charles Brown studied a colony of swallows for 17 years. During a cold spell 30,000 birds or about half of the colony died of starvation. He wondered why some birds died and others did not. He measured the beaks, wings, and legs of the dead birds and the surviving birds. * He discovered that the surviving birds were larger (bigger beaks and legs) and the surviving birds were more symmetrical. * Dr. Brown hypothesized that the bigger birds were selected for survival because they were larger allowing them to store more fat and their symmetry allowed them to forage with less energy loss.