2019 PRINCIPALS OF ARTS, AUDIO/VISUAL FALL SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW HIGH ANGLE/ Camera is positioned high-up while the

oned high-up while the actor(s)/action is

BIRD’S EYE placed low down as if the camera is looking down at the
PAN Camera turning left and/or right like a person shaking their VIEW scene like a bird might.
head LOW ANGLE/ Camera is positioned low-down while the actor(s)/action is
TILT Camera turning or “tilting” up and/or down like a person WORM’S EYE placed high up as if the camera is looking up at the scene
nods their head VIEW like a worm might.
DOLLY Camera Operator moving forward and/or backward FRAMING Consideration of the boarders/edges of the camera
TRUCK Camera Operator moving left and/or right COMPOSITION Consideration of the subjects/things in the image as well as
CRANE/JIB/PED All names for the Camera moving up and down on a fixed the placement of them
ISTAL/BOOM vertical axis RULE OF Compositional technique that is supposed to guide images
ZOOM Changing the focal length of the camera so that things THIRDS to appear more interesting
appear close/far. SYMMETRY Compositional technique in which subjects/things on the
W = zoom out T = zoom in left/right and/or top/bottom sides are equal or close to the
PULL FOCUS/ Changing the quality of an image to make things clearer or same. (opposite of symmetry = asymmetry)
RACK FOCUS more blurry. Usually by switching from focusing on one LEAD SPACE/ Framing technique that considers the importance of empty
thing to another at different distances HEADROOM space often in front of or behind/on the side of the
DOLLY ZOOM Visual effect created by zooming in while dollying actor(s).
backwards or vice versa. TRIPOD A device with three legs used to stabilize a camera.
ARC/360 Camera Operator moving in either a semi-circle or full- INSERT Close-up of an object or action used to show
circle direction around the action importance/call the audience attention to it.
180 DEGREE General guide to directing two actors communicating WHIP PAN/TILT A Pan/Tilt but fast enough for motion blur to obscure the
RULE where an imaginary “eye-line” divides the setting into two shot. Can be used to transition from one shot/scene to
semi-circles where the camera doesn’t cross the line. another.
30 DEGREE General guide to directing where the camera moves at POINT OF A shot that is intentionally shown to be from the eyes of a
RULE least 30 degrees from each shot in order to prevent “jump- VIEW/POV specific character. Often created by shooting a close-up of
cuts” and to make each shot appear deliberate in a character then shooting a shot of what they are looking
significant. at.
SHOT A single recording of a camera placed in a specific spot and OVER THE A shot that has part of the frame blocked-off or blurred by
framed and composed a specific way SHOULDER/OVS an actor’s body, often their shoulder. Typically done in
TAKE A single recording or “try” of a shot, often done multiple conversations between two characters.
times in order to get the best “take” for the video BLOCKING/ Positioning of actors and layout of the setting/location
EXT. Camera is placed very far from actor(s)/action and details STAGE where the characters are. Also includes where/why the
WIDE/LONG are difficult to see. Usually to highlight on the environment DIRECTING characters move and where the camera(s) are placed.
and atmosphere of a setting/location. FOREGROUND Things closest to the camera.
WIDE/LONG Camera is placed far from actor(s)/action. People’s faces MIDGROUND Things in-between the Foreground and Background.
and identity can be seen though BACKGROUND Things furthest away from the camera.
FULL Camera is placed to where the actor(s)/subject is fully in DEPTH OF FIELD The specific distance away from the camera that is in focus
frame but with little headroom. SCRIPT/SCREEN The writing of a story with descriptions and dialogue in a
MEDIUM FULL Only the shins/knees up to the head is visible in the frame PLAY special format. (1 page = about 1 minute of video)
MEDIUM Only the waist up to the head is visible in the frame STORYBOARD The drawing/notes of a story that helps plan and record.
MEDIUM CLOSE Only the chest up to the head is visible in the frame SINGLE/ONE- A shot that only has one character in it (“TWO-SHOT” or
CLOSE-UP Only the shoulders up to the head is visible in the frame SHOT “DOUBLE” has two and a “THREE-SHOT” has three)
EXT. CLOSE-UP Anything closer than a Close-Up ⌘C =COPY ⌘V=PASTE ⌘Z=UNDO ⌘I=IMPORT ⌘M=EXPORT