Systematics of Angiosperm Outline

OVERALL: 33 SLIDES

- Angiosperm: Overview (9 slides)

 Normal Characteristics (2-4 Slides)

a. Differences in Gymnosperms and other plants
 Origin (5 slides)
a. Theories/Hypothesis of Angiosperm
1. Gonophyll theory (Glossopteris)
2. Euanthial theory (Anthostrobilus theory)
3. Pseudanthium theory (Coniferales, Cycads and Gnetales)
4. Species Hypotheses (Caytonia, Archaefructus)
b. Monocot
1. Thorne statement
2. Engler – Polyphyletic
3. Cheadle – Monocot may arise from vessel-less dicots.

- History of Classification of Angiosperms (15 slides)

 Magnus – first to recognize Monocots and dicots

 Camerarius – Sexuality in flowering plants
 John Ray – Monocot and Dicot
 Carolus Linnaeus – Classification based on stamen (Artificial system)
 Jussieu – Number of cotyledons, petals and fusion.
 Robert Brown- Gymnosperm discreted from dicots
 Bentham and Hooker – Dicot before monocots, only seed plants (Britain)
 Eichler – Phanerogramae, Classes monocot and dicot: Choripetalae and Sympetalae
 Engler – Genus-level system, Gymnosperms were placed before Angio but Mono before dicot (Europe)
 Bessey – Phylogenetic, Evolved monophyletic to Cycadophyta (strobiloid theory)
 Hutchinson: Dicot (2 parts),and Monocot (3 parts)
 Takhtajan: Monophyletic and group evolved from seed fern lyginopterida, Amborellaceae, Nmae angiosperm
(USSR),Magnoliophyta with 2 classes: Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida
 Cronquist – Six subclasses of Magnoliopsida and five monocots (USA)
 Thorne – Phytochemistry 12 classes magnoliopsida, he uses molecular systematics
 APG – Group of scientist, Monocot and dicot out, Monophyletic as possible to get phylogenetic history. morphology,
anatomy, embryology, phytochemistry and more strongly on molecular studies. Unplaced taxa present

- Basis for Classification of Angiosperm

 APG IV (2016) Classification (7-9)

- It started in 1998
- Why is it used?
- (Books, Used by herbarium (Kew) and The Linnean Society
- Accurate and can be update
- Principles
- Molecular Evidence (Chloroplast, ribosomes, nucleus), Morphology espec. pollen, biochemistry EXAMPLES
in website, Anatomy ( morphology, anatomy, embryology, phytochemistry and more
strongly on molecular studies.)