Causes of Poverty in Pakistan

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Causes of Poverty in pakistan (HILAL)

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SaveSave Causes of Poverty in pakistan (HILAL) For Later
Poverty
Poverty refers to t
he condition of no
t having the mean
s to afford basic h
uman needs sucha
s clean water, nutr
ition, health care,
education, clothin
g and shelter.
Poverty in
Pakistan-
Challenges
Poverty is one of
the major social
problems Pakista
n is facing. It is o
ne of the mostim
portant and sensit
ive issue not only
for our self but fo
r the whole world
. Poverty cancaus
e other social prob
lems like theft, bri
be, corruption, ad
ultery, lawlessnes
s, injustice.To era
dicate the evils of
society we have to
fight with poverty.
We can't control t
heft byenrolling th
ousands of police
men. Corruption a
nd injustice can't c
ome to an end thr
oughtight legislati
on but by demolis
hing poverty.A lo
w level of domest
ic income for an i
ndividual results i
n lack of access t
o education,healt
h care, and other
communal faciliti
es like lake of sa
nitation, transpor
tation andcommu
nication.Poverty i
s not just about pr
oviding food,clot
hing, & shelter.
There are a lot m
oreindicators tha
t are needed to i
mprove poverty
such as educati
on, stableemplo
yment with decen
t wages, healthca
re, law and order
security, minimu
mhousing standar
ds, & decent recr
eationenvironme
nt all these fact
ors whencombin
ed could have a d
ramatic affect onr
educing poverty i
n Pakistan.1
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Poverty R
ate in Paki
stan
Poverty in Pakista
n is a growing co
ncern. Poverty rat
e jumped from 23
.9% to 37.5% inth
ree years after sev
ere economic shoc
ks hit Pakistan last
year. Although the
middle-classhas
grown in Pakistan
to 35 million, nea
rly one-quarter of
the population is
classified poor as
of October 2006.
As of 2008, 17.2
% of the total po
pulation lives bel
ow the poverty lin
e, which is the lo
west figure in the
history of Pakista
n.According to t
he recent data co
mpiled by the U
nited Nations, Pa
kistan’s Human
Development Inde
x stands at 0.56. It
is pretty close to
Bangladesh, Yem
en, and Nepal. Itra
nks 139 out of 17
9 countries report
ed in this analysis.
To eradicate pove
rty in Pakistan we
have to fight with
the causes and fac
tors of poverty.Un
less the causes an
d factors of povert
y will be settled th
e poverty will nev
er end.2

Causes of
Poverty in
Pakistan
Pakistan is a poor
country. Its econo
my is facing fluct
uations now a day
. At the time of in
dependence Pakis
tan has very low r
esources and capi
tal, so the process
es of progresswer
e very slow. Unfo
rtunately the polit
icians of Pakistan
were all not well
aware of modern
global system and
the progress proc
esses and the nee
ds of country. Du
e to bad policies t
oday Pakistan is f
acing a lot of pro
blems. The contin
uous failure of po
liciesleads the peo
ple of country to
miserable conditio
ns.It is difficult to
point out all caus
es of poverty in P
akistan but the m
ajor causes of are
given below:
•
Government Polic
ies
•
Government extra
expenses and

Corruption
•
Population, Unem
ployment and Lac
k of Education
•
Inflation, Smuggli
ng and Large scal
e Imports
•
Law and Order sit
uation and Declin
e in Foreign invest
ment
•
Increasing Defens
e expenditure & R
ace of Weapons in
the Region
•
Role of West and
IMF
Our discussion is
basically focused
on these root caus
es of poverty. No
w let’s have a loo
k on these causes
separately given a
head.3

1. Govern
ment Bad
Policies
Government is n
ot well aware of
present conditio
ns of country. Th
e policies of gov
ernment are base
on the suggestion
s of officials whic
h do not have awa
reness aboutthe pr
oblems of a com
mon man. After i
mplementation th
e policies do not
get effectiveresult
. After the failure
of one policy, go
vernment does no
t consider its fail
ure andannounces
another policy wit
hout studying the
aftermaths of last
one. Heavy taxes
andunemploymen
t crushes the peop
le and they are fo
rced to live below
poverty line. Thes
uitable medical fa
cilities are not pro
vided to people an
d they are forced t
o get treatmentfor
private clinics whi
ch are too costly.
We have collected
some bad policies
of Pakistani Gove
rnment which are
given below.
Pakistan’s Gold a
nd Copper reserve
s sold in pennies
Reko Diq is a sma
ll town in Chagai
District, Baluchist
an having the worl
d´s largest Gol
dand Copper rese
rves. Reports eme
rging from variou
s sources indicate
that the US $ 65B
illion natural dep
osit might have b
een sold for US $
21 Billion to Teth
yan Copper of Au
stralia which has
taken the contrac
t to develop this
mine while Barri
ck GoldCorporati
on of Canada (a J
EWS company) a
nd Antofagasta o
f Chile have a joi
nt-ownership of th
e copper-gold dep
osit at Reko Diq.T
he Reko Diq dep
osit is beingexpl
ored by Tethyan
Copper Compan
y Pty Ltd (75%) a
nd the(BDA) Balo
chistan Developm
entAuthority (2
5%). TethyanCo
pper Company is
held jointly( 5 0 : 5
0) by Barrick
G o l d Corporatio
n and Antofagast
aMinerals.4
Error! Filename not specified.

Currently the dep
osit is at scoping /
pre feasibility stag
e. It is a world cla
ss copper / gold p
orphyry style dep
osit, typical of th
e tethyan belt. It
has been sold to t
he Zionistcontrol
led regimes by t
he Pakistani Gov
ernment at a pric
e of $21 billion.
Roughestimates s
uggest that the gol
d and copper at th
e surface accounts
for $65 billion wo
rth of deposits.
UPS and Batteries
Imports
Pakistan’s UPS a
nd batteries impor
t is $10Billion, b
ut we require onl
y $7 Billion onK
ala Bagh Dam Pr
oject by which w
e cangenerate 75
00MW electricit
y at 0.60 paisa’s/
unit only but our
Govt. is not willin
gto pay attention o
n this……..
Privatization
Government is un
able to manage th
e departments and
country has low re
serve assets. Soth
e meet the requir
ements some co
mpanies run by g
overnment are so
ld to foreigninves
tors. The commod
ities or services pr
ovided by the com
panies are becomi
ng costly.For exa
mple if governme
nt sold a gas plant
then prices for gas
in country rises. N
ot onlythis but Pri
vatization is made
on very cheaply b
asis, lets see…….
•
Pakistan steel mill
cost’s Rs.300 Ara
b but it is sold in
Rs.21 Arab.
•
Habib Bank Ltd.
Cost Rs.140 Arab
but sold in Rs.14
Arab.
•
PTCL cost Rs.700
Arab but sold in o
nly Rs.120 Arab5

2. Govt. E
xtra Expe
nditure &
Corruptio
n
We have collected
some Facts and Fi
gures about High
Expense of Govt.
Officials whichare
given below:
•
500000000 (5 Cr
ore) per year is sp
end on the securit
y of President and
Primeminister.
•
Monthly expense
of 1 minister = 30
LacsMonthly expe
nse of 96 minister
= 288000000 (28
Crore 80 Lacs)Ex
pence of 96 minist
ers per year = 3 A
rab, 45 Crore, 60
Lacs
•
National Assembl
y + Senate = 440
MembersProvinci
al Assembly = 63
6 MembersTotal =
1076 MembersEv
ery member have
luxury and expen
sive vehicle, none
of them is car less
andalso none of t
hem is going alon
e to his office, the
y Have 4 to 8 veh
icles securitysqua
dSo 1076 x 4 = 43
04 cars at least!If
each car consume
s fuel of 500 daily
then :4303 x 500
= 2152000 per da
y2152000 x 30 =
64560000 per mo
nth64560000 x 12
= 77 Crore, 47 La
cs, 20 Thousands
rupees per year, a
nd this isonly the
estimate of fuel,
now you can thin
k yourselves abo
ut their eatingex
pense, their salarie
s, their visits etc.6

Flags and banners
are used by each p
olitical party for t
heir publicity. It is
a roughestimate t
hat only in Karac
hi a party put at le
ast 50000 flags an
d change after 2m
onths, so if each p
arty has 50000 th
en there will be s
ome 250000 flags
only inKarachi. T
hen what will be t
he amount of flags
through out the co
untry?????Each
flag costs up to R
s.100, why should
this money not be
used for the help
of poor people?
This is the Direct
and visible way o
f wastage of the
nation’s money b
ut there is aninvis
ible way as well t
o collect the mon
ey and left the pe
ople in the Web o
f Poverty,which is
called Corruption!
Corruption
It is the condition
when there is not
morality and ever
y one is trying to
earn more andmor
e by using fair and
unfair means. Offi
cials waste their ti
me has low efficie
ncy. Onlyone relat
ionship that is exis
ts in society is mo
ney. One has to pa
y a heavy cost to g
et hisright. Law a
nd order conditio
ns are out of cont
rol and institution
s are failed to pro
vide justice to a c
ommon man. Just
ice can be bought
by money only.
But government i
sunable to control
such type of thing
s. In this whole sc
enario some corru
pt people has been
occupying the res
ources and comm
on man is living i
n miserable condit
ions.Let’s see an e
xample that when
ever there is an in
crease in the price
of electricity, gas
or petrol while st
ate bank of Pakist
an doesn’t issue th
e coins of paisa no
w.Suppose if petr
ol is Rs.71.13 per
liter, but we have t
o pay Rs.72 per lit
er (87 paisa extra)
Now total Petrol c
onsumption in Pa
kistan = 50880000
Liter per Day5088
0000 x 87 = Rs.44
265000 per Day a
nd what will be th
e amount for mont
hs or year.7

3. Popula
tion, Une
mployme
nt and La
ck of Edu
cation
The estimated Po
pulation of Pakist
an in 2010 was o
ver 169,478,000,
making it theworl
d's sixth most-
populous country.
The population gr
owth rate now sta
nds at 1.6%.About
20% of the popula
tion lives below th
e international po
verty line of US$1
.25 a day.Pakistan'
s population has i
ncreased from 34
million in 1951 to
144 million in mid
2001.The additio
n of over 108 mil
lion Pakistanis in
just five decades
is due to the high
population growt
h rates in the last
thirty years. Conti
nuing high popula
tion growth willa
mount to Pakistan
’s population reac
hing 220 million
by the year 2020.
Coupled with poo
r human develop
ment indicators s
uch as low literac
y, high infant mor
tality and loweco
nomic growth rate
s, such a large pop
ulation will under
mine efforts being
undertakento redu
ce poverty and to i
mprove the standa
rds of living of the
populace.8

Over one third of
Pakistanis are livi
ng in poverty. Th
e impact of popul
ation growth on p
overty is obvious,
since poorer famil
ies, especially wo
men and marginal
ized groups bear t
he burden of a lar
ge number of chil
dren with much fe
wer resources furt
her addingto the s
piral of poverty a
nd deterioration i
n the status of wo
men. This large p
art of the populati
on is constrained
to live in poor ho
using and sanitati
on conditions and
lack of access to s
afe drinking wate
r. In particular, in
come poverty lea
ds to pressures on
foodconsumption
and adversely aff
ects caloric intake
s and increasing
malnutrition in po
orer families and
contributes to hig
h levels of child a
nd maternal morb
idity and mortalit
y.Furthermore, ra
pid population gr
owth contributes
to environmental
degradation andd
epletion of natural
resources.
Unemployment
“A person is unem
ployed if he or she
did not worked du
ring the preceding
week but madeso
me effort to find
working the past f
our weeks”Unem
ployment rate in
2009 was 7.40 w
hich is doubled i
n 2010, the curre
nt rate is15.20%
Unemployment is
one of the major p
roblems of Pakista
n. The level of un
employment ismo
ving up. The soci
o economic syste
m of the country
and institutions h
as failed to provi
de employment to
the increasing lab
or force. The rate
of expansion in in
dustrialsector is v
ery slow. The incr
easing labor force
has not been abso
rbed. Increasing o
utputof general e
ducation institut
ions is the major
cause of educate
d young men’su
nemployment. Te
chnical, professio
nal and vocational
institutions are li
mited in number.
When peoples are
unemployed they
consume the resou
rces but are unabl
e to contribute ino
verall economy, w
hich results in pov
erty.9

Lack of Education
The literacy rate
of Pakistan is ver
y low. Most of pe
ople do not have
any concept about
the modern earni
ng sources. Most
people are unable
to adopt technolo
gy for their busi
ness needs, that’s
why business do
not meet internati
onal standards an
d results asdecrea
se in revenue whic
h lead the society
to poor financial c
onditions.Literacy
ratio in Pakistan s
till remainsat 56 p
ercent, mainly be
cause of small bu
dgetary allocation
s, lack of political
will and delays i
n disbursement
of funds. In the re
gion, Pakistan has
beenranked high
er only than Nep
al andBangladesh
, which have liter
acy ratesof 49 an
d 43 percent, res
pectively.Other c
ountries have far
better ratios:the
Maldives, 96 perc
ent; Sri Lanka, 91
percent; and India,
61 percent.Sindh
has the highest pe
rcentage in educat
ion which stands
at 54 percent foll
owed byPunjab (5
2 percent) and the
NWFP (40 percen
t). Balochistan ha
s the lowest ratio
— 33 percent. U
nesco attributed
the low level of
literacy rate to f
actors like weak
organizational infr
astructure, low pr
ofessional capacit
y, lack of research
, non-
availabilityof prop
er training institut
es, low public awa
reness and lack of
evaluation and mo
nitoringsystem.”P
overty can't come
to an end unless
we will spend mu
ch larger share of
our GDP to theed
ucation sector. We
have to open more
primary and secon
dary schools espe
cially in our villag
es. In the 1971 co
nstitution we mad
e primary educati
on compulsory an
d free. Theconstit
ution made a ple
dge to made seco
ndary education f
ree with in next t
en years.Leave th
e secondary educ
ation we are not a
ble to provide eve
n free primary ed
ucation both to bo
ys and girls after p
assing 35 years.10
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Pakistan is the 7
th
largest wheat prod
ucing country. Tot
alwheat consump
tion of Pakistan i
s 20 million tone
s,while producti
on of wheat last
year was 23 mill
iontones. But the
newly elected gov
ernment in 2008 f
acedwheat shorta
ges as a lot of Pa
kistan’s crop had
beenexported or
smuggled out of t
he country in res
ponse to high int
ernational prices.
Inresponse to the
shortages, and th
e higher internati
onal price, the ne
w governmentan
nounced in their b
udget for fiscal ye
ar 2008-2009 that
the government w
ould now procure
the crop at Rs 950
per 40 Kg bag, a h
ike of Rs 300.Sim
ilarly Pakistan is
4
th
largest sugarcane
producing countr
y but facing the s
wear shortage of s
ugar. The price of
sugar in Afghanist
an is from Rs 75-
80 per kg. The pri
ce of sugar in Pak
istan is Rs 45-46
per kg. The price
difference gives s
mugglers a chanc
ewhich results in s
hortage of sugar.
This condition for
ced the govt. to im
port sugar whichi
ncreases the price
of sugar and again
affecting the poor.
Same is the case
with Moong puls
e. For the first ti
me the rates of d
al moong (green
moong beans) hav
e reached a record
high level in retail
and wholesale ma
rkets of the citydu
e to short producti
on of the commod
ity in the country
coupled with reco
rd rates in theinter
national market. B
eing a local produ
ct, moong pulse in
the corresponding
months of previo
us year was avail
able in the wholes
ale markets at aro
und Rs 35 per kil
ogram (kg)while
at retail level at R
s 40 per kg, which
was easily accessi
ble in the buying c
apacity of a large
segment of the po
pulation. Howeve
r, owing to multif
arious factors incl
uding itslarge-
scale unhindered
smuggling and les
s than anticipated
crop in Pakistan li
ke worldover duri
ng the current sea
son, its rates have
shot up to record
level of Rs 115 pe
r kg atwholesale l
evel while at retai
l level it is sold at
Rs 120 to Rs 125
per kg pushing th
ecommodity beyo
nd the buying pow
ers of an overwhel
ming segment of t
he population.
Large Scale Impo
rt
The import of Pak
istan is greater tha
n export. Big reve
nue is consumed i
n importing goode
very year, even r
aw material has t
o import for indu
stry. If we decrea
se import and12

establish own sup
ply chains from o
ur country natural
resources the peo
ple will have bett
er opportunities to
earn. And it will h
elp to reduce pove
rty.13

5. Law an
d Order S
ituation a
nd Declin
e inForeig
n Investme
nt
Law and Order
There are lot of pr
oblems regarding
law and order. Ter
rorist attacks creat
e uncertainty insto
ck markets and pe
ople earning from
stock are getting l
oss due to which t
he wholecountry f
aces uncertain inc
rease in commodit
y prices. Pakistani
firms are unable t
o signagreement
with foreign inves
tors due to the pre
vailing abysmal la
w and order situati
on.According to e
conomists, “altho
ugh the global eco
nomic meltdown
was also a reason
of slow growth in
FDI, the domestic
shocks were majo
r contributors in t
he declining trend
of FDI. November
was the third cons
ecutive month in
which the country
posted declinein f
oreign direct inve
stment. We were
expecting some in
crease in the FDI
during thecurrent
fiscal year ahead
of positive econo
mic indicators. T
he ongoing war i
n the14

northern areas and
suicide attacks in
different cities ha
d restricted the for
eign buyers fromn
ew investment in
Pakistan.”
Foreign investmen
t
Foreign investor c
omes to local mar
kets. They invest
millions of dollars
in stock marketsa
nd stock market g
ets rise in index.
Then the investor
withdraws his mo
ney with profitan
d market suddenly
collapses. Politica
l instability, terror
ist attacks, power,
gas and water sho
rtage and weak la
w order control h
as led to falling tr
end in FDI. These
are the major reas
ons due to which t
he foreign investo
rs are not intereste
d in investing thei
r capital inPakista
n. The after math
always be faced b
y poor people.The
share of foreign
direct investment
, flowing into Pa
kistan, is negligi
ble whencompare
d to the opportun
ities and economi
c fundamentals o
f the country. Th
e FDIinflow into
the country is less
than one per cent
of its total, made
globally. Since 19
96,when received
highest amount, F
DI in Pakistan has
been experiencing
a declining trend.
Foreign direct inv
estment (FDI) in P
akistan is a major
external source to
meet obligationsof
resource gap, hum
an resource devel
opment and goal a
chievement. The F
DI has played15

a vital role in the e
conomic growth o
f Pakistan. To em
erge as a promisin
g nation Pakistanh
as to provide cond
uctive environmen
t for external econ
omic flows.16

6. Increas
ing Defen
se expend
iture & R
ace of We
apons in th
e Region
Background: India
achieved its indep
endence from imp
erial Britain in 19
47, after whichit
was divided into t
wo countries - Ind
ia and Pakistan, as
per the Mountbatt
en Plan. After this
partition, Pakistan
chose to be an Isla
mic republic, alig
ned with United S
tates whileIndia c
hose to remain pol
itically neutral, as
a secular socialist
democracy. These
choicesturned out
to the turning poin
ts in the political a
nd military future
of both these coun
tries.Pakistan’s d
efense budget for
the year 2006-07
was $4.1 billion (
~3% of GDP) inr
esponse to India’s
hike in defense bu
dget of 2006-07 at
$20.11 billion (~ 2
.5% of GDP).Paki
stan’s hike in mili
tary budget would
be partially funde
d by its governme
nt coffersand part
ially by borrowin
g whereas India’s
military spending
would be entirely
off itsown funds.
India’s ambitious
budget prompted
Pakistan to up its
own military bud
get,despite the co
untry’s widesprea
d poverty and soc
io-political
problems. Apart f
rom itsGDP, Paki
stani military also
gets a considerabl
e funding from Un
ited States. Consid
eringthat India has
a far larger econo
my overall, its mil
itary budget is als
o several times lar
ger,despite being
a smaller share of
India’s GDP.India
and Pakistan both
are facing the co
mmon problem of
poverty but at the
same time both ar
e increasing their
defense expenditu
re with the passag
e of time. India is
alwaystrying to pr
ove its superiority
against Pakistan a
nd for that reason
India set up differ
entagreements wi
th other nations re
lated to the purch
ase of weapons a
nd technologies, a
ndso Pakistan foll
ows the neighbor
and doing the sam
e. But the point to
worry is that India
is an Economic po
wer while we are
begging from IMF
. We have to think
about our poor pe
ople first………
17

7. Role of
West and I
MF
The International
Monetary Fund (I
MF) is theinternat
ional organization
that oversees thegl
obal financial sys
temby following
themacroeconomi
c policiesof its m
ember countries,
in particular thos
e with an impact
onexchange ratea
nd the balance of
payments. IMF l
oans usually com
e with conditional
ities, restrictions
and requirementsi
mposed by IMF o
n the borrowing c
ountryPakistan is
also seeking the
help from IMF o
n very dangerous
conditions which
arecausing more p
overty in the coun
try. Some of the c
onditions are Liste
d Below:
Conditions
•
Pakistan governm
ent has to gradual
ly impose the cen
tral excise duty (
CED) onservices
and agriculture se
ctors at the rate of
eight to 18 percen
t in place of thege
neral sales tax (G
ST)
•
The Pakistani cur
rency will also be
devalued after sli
ght changes in the
discountrate and e
xchange rate will
be decreased offic
ially by six to sev
en percent.
•
The International
Monetary Fund or
dered Pakistan to
cut military spend
ing byalmost a thi
rd.
•
Put an end to subs
idies on all produc
ts.
•
Taxes should be i
ncreased.
•
Govt. expenditure
should be stop.Th
ere are some other
conditions as well
but condition liste
d above had a wor
st impact onthe Pa
kistani society and
poverty in Pakista
n.These negative I
mpact is given ahe
ad :18

Impact of IMF’s
Conditions
The reality is that
Pakistan's IMF-
approved stabiliza
tion program is ai
med at making the
country a better so
urce of profit for i
nternational invest
ors. While Pakista
ni economy willha
ve no benefits
•
Sakeeb Sherani o
f the Royal Bank
of Scotland told
a meeting organi
zed byPakistan's
Centre for Resear
ch and Security S
tudies that the IM
F package will"ca
use up to three m
illion job cuts in
deferment sectors
and push another
5.6million to 7.5
million Pakistanis
into poverty over t
he next two years.
”
•
Shahid Javed Bur
ki, himself a form
er World Bank vic
e-president and ex
-Pakistanifinance
minister has stro
ngly criticized th
e IMF/PPP-led
government's"sta
bilization" progra
m saying that it w
ill deflate the eco
nomy at a time w
hendemand threat
ens to fall dramati
cally due to world
recession while ot
her Asiancountrie
s have introduced
stimulation packa
ges to generate gr
owth, Pakistan ha
sdone no such thi
ng. Pakistan is be
ing advised, in fa
ct, to cut expendit
ure when itneeds
to invest in emplo
yment generating
projects. ... At the
present rate, only
high growth in po
verty can be expec
ted."
•
This government i
s now asking for h
uge loans from the
World Bank and t
he IMFwhich are
reluctant to give
money due to the
ir own perilous c
ondition. ThePak
istani economy ur
gently needs $4 b
illion or it will co
llapse. The imperi
alistswill only gi
ve this money on
their own conditi
ons which includ
e an end tosubsid
ies on all product
s. Also they dem
and privatization
which means mor
eunemployment a
nd infrastructure
collapse. All this
will force the mil
lions of peasants
and workers to c
ome out onto the
streets to find a s
olution to their m
iseries.
•
The conditions the
IMF is attaching t
o its loan to Pakist
an will severely i
mpact thecountry'
s workers and toil
ers. They include:
eliminating all sub
sidies on energy,
petroleum product
s, and fertilizer; sl
ashing governmen
t spending, includi
ng "non- priority"
development spen
ding; and raising t
axes.19

In order to pave th
e way for the IMF
loan, Pakistan's ce
ntral bank raised it
s bank lending rat
e in early Novem
ber by 2 percenta
ge points to 15 p
ercent and thegov
ernment has let it
be known that a f
urther 1.5 percent
age point hike wil
l beimplemented i
n January.The hig
h-interest rate poli
cy the IMF is imp
osing on theState
Bank of Pakistan
has caused const
ernation among l
arge sections of
Pakistan's busines
s elite, including
various trade and
industrial lobby g
roups.According
to an Asia Times
Online report, An
jum Nisar, the pr
esident of theKar
achi Chamber of
Commerce and I
ndustry, has said,
"Pakistan's indust
riallandscape may
soon be marked w
ith dead and sick
units and there wil
l be massiveunem
ployment because
of the devastating
impact on busines
ses of the higher c
ostof bank loans a
rising from the int
erest rate increase.
"20
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3. Poverty & Homelessness