Lamp Shapes and Bases

Standard Lamp Shapes

COMPACT FLUORESCENT (CFL)

Mini- Twist Triple Double Double Twin Classic Classic Candelabra Globe Reflector Circline
Twist twin twin twin

FLUORESCENT

U-SHAPED SLIMLINE HIGH OUTPUT

T-5 miniature bipin
T-6 single pin
T-12 recessed
T-8 medium bipin double contact
U-shaped T-12

T-8 single pin

T-12 medium bipin

U-shaped T-8 T-14-½ recessed
double contact
Circline 4-pin T-9 T-12 single pin

T-17 mogul bipin OCTRON U-shaped T-8

INCANDESCENT

C-7 B, C C-15 S-11 F P S G CA A-15-19 A-21-23

T GT PS R, EAR, KR ER PAR 38 PAR 46, 56, 64

532 LIGHTING
Standard Lamp Bases

Candelabra 3 kon-tact
Single-contact Double-contact Mini Intermediate Medium
bayonet medium
bayonet screw Mini-can
screw

Admedium Medium Medium Position oriented Mogul 3 contact

skirted skirted skirted mogul mogul

Mogul Mogul Single pin Single pin Single pin Single-ended Single-ended
prefocus bipost T-12 T-8 T-6 bipin, 7 & 9 Watt bipin, 13 Watt

Mogul bipin Medium 2 pin Medium bipost Medium bipin Medium bipin Miniature
T-8 lamp T-12 lamp bipin

Recessed Candelabra 4 pin Medium Medium

double contact prefocus circline side prong prefocus

Lamp Shapes and Bases 533

 Residential Lighting Guidelines
As the old saying goes, “A picture is worth a thou-
sand words.” By “picture” we mean, of course, a
wiring plan.
In the next four pages we present wiring plans
demonstrating a variety of ways of satisfying the
energy code—specifically the 2005 California
Energy Code. Because no state is more stringent
than California, the ideas should work in your state
as well.

Bathrooms

MASTER BATH

26-watt CFL recessed can

with electronic ballast and
white/aluminum reflector
$
$
c
$o

Fluorescent vanity fixture

with T-8 lamps and
electronic ballast

Fluorescent vanity fixture

with T-8 lamps and
electronic ballast

Surface-mounted
decorative incandescnt
fixture
Closet

Less than 70 sq ft = no requirement

STANDARD BATH
Fluorescent vanity fixture
with T-8 lamps and
$$oc

electronic ballast
26-watt CFL recessed can
with electronic ballast and
white/aluminum reflector

534 LIGHTING
 Kitchens

OPTION 1: RECESSED CEILING FIXTURES

$D
NOOK
DW

Surface- or pendant-
mounted lamp
Locate recessed cans at
counter edge to reduce 26-watt CFL recessed
occupant shadowing cans on 4'–5' centers

Surface- or pendant-
mounted flood lamps

Separate switches for

Supplement ceiling cans maximum versatility
with fluorescent under-
counter fixtures on
separate switch
$$$

OVEN/ PANTRY
REF
MICRO
$ Lighting optional in
pantries of less than
70 sq ft area

OPTION 2: LINEAR FLUORESCENT CEILING FIXTURES

$D

DW
NOOK

Surface- or pendant-
mounted lamp

Linear fluorescents on 4'–5' centers for

even illumination. Keep 2' from cabinets.
Use 32-watt T-8 lamps with 3,000K color
temperature for warm, "incandescent" feel.
Supplement ceiling fixtures
with fluorescent under- Separate switches for
counter fixtures on maximum versatility
separate switch

PANTRY
$$

OVEN/ REF
MICRO
$

Lighting optional in
pantries of less than
70 sq ft area

Residential Lighting Guidelines 535

 Dining Rooms and Living Rooms

Switched(half
Switched (halfhot)
hot)
wallreceptacle
wall receptacle

LIVINGROOM
LIVING ROOM DININGROOM
DINING ROOM
Surface-or
Surface- orpendant-
pendant-
mountedincandescent
mounted incandescent
fixtureon
fixture ondimmer
dimmerswitch
switch

26-wattCFL
26-watt CFLrecessed
recessedcancan
(ICATinininsulated
(ICAT insulatedceiling)
ceiling)with
with
electronicballast
electronic ballastand
andwhite
whiteoror
aluminumreflector
aluminum reflectorand
andtrim
trim

$$DD
$$$$$$DD

ENTRY
ENTRY

Surface-or
Surface- orpendant-
pendant-
mountedincandescent
mounted incandescent
lightfixture
light fixture

Bedrooms

Wheninstalling
When installingaaswitched
switchedceiling
ceilingboxboxand
andno
no
fixture,provide
fixture, providetwotwoswitch
switchwires
wiresso sohomeowners
homeowners
BEDROOM
BEDROOM caninstall
can installaaceiling
ceilingfan
fanwith
withaalight
lightfixture.
fixture.

Whenusing
When usingceiling
ceilingfans
fanswith
with
incandescentlight
incandescent lightkits,
kits,provide
provide
oneregular
one regularswitch
switchfor
forthe
thefan
fan
andone
and onedimmer
dimmerfor forthe
thelight.
light.
$$
$$

536 LIGHTING
Entry Areas, Foyers, and Hallways

$3
$4

4-way switches required $3

between 3-way switches 3-way switches at ends of
$4

hallways for control of hall

lights from every point
4-way switches required
between 3-way switches 3-way switches at ends of
hallways for control of hall
26-watt CFL recessed
lights can with
from every point
electronic ballast and white or
aluminum reflector and trim

$3 26-watt CFL recessed can with

electronic ballast and white or
aluminum reflector and trim

$3

In addition to a motion sensor

Porches and photocontrol, there must
also be a regular switch to turn
lights on and off manually.
In addition to a motion sensor
and photocontrol, there must
also be a regular switch to turn
lights on and off manually.
$$

Exterior fluorescent sconce.

One or more fixtures may have
motion snsors. If so, they must
also have photoelectric and
automatic-off controls.
Exterior fluorescent sconce.
One or more fixtures may have
motion snsors. If so, they must
also have photoelectric and
automatic-off controls.

Residential Lighting Guidelines 537

 Meet the Code
The following is a partial list of requirements from
the 2006 International Residential Code (IRC) for
One- and Two-Family Dwellings. Consult the pub-
lication for the full text and additional provisions.
Light and Ventilation (R303)
Habitable rooms:
• glazing area ≥8% of floor area unless lighting
provides ≥6 foot-candles
• for purposes of light and ventilation, an adjoining
room is considered part of a room when ≥50% of
the common wall is open
Bathrooms:
• glazing area ≥3 sq ft, half openable
• glazing not required if provided with artificial
light and ventilation to outside of ≥50 cfm
Stairway Illumination:
• interior stairs must be lighted to ≥1 foot-candle
either at each landing or over each section of stairs
• exterior stairs must be lighted at top landing;
basement bulkhead stairs at lower landing
• lighting for interior stairways of ≥6 stairs must be
controllable from both levels
• unless continuous or automatic, lighting for exte-
rior stairs must be controllable from inside
Required Branch Circuits (E3603)
Lighting and general use receptacle loads:
• not less than 3 watts per sq ft of floor area
• floor area based on building outside dimensions,
not including open porches, garages, or unused or
unfinished spaces not adaptable for future use
Lighting Outlets (E3803)
Habitable rooms:
• switch-controlled lighting outlet to be installed in
every habitable room and bathroom
• except in kitchens and bathrooms, a switched
receptacle controlled by a wall switch OK
• lighting outlets may be controlled by occupancy
sensors in addition to manual wall switches
538
Additional locations:
• switch-controlled lighting to be installed in hallways,
stairways, attached garages, and detached garages
with electric power
• switch-controlled lighting on exterior of egress
door having grade-level access, including egress
doors for attached garages and detached garages
with electric power
• for interior stairways having ≥6 risers between
levels, a wall switch at each floor level and landing
that includes an entryway
Exception: in hallways, stairways, and at outdoor
egress doors, remote, central, or automatic con-
trol of lighting permitted
• a lighting outlet controlled by wall switch or integral
switch in attics, underfloor spaces, utility rooms,
and basements used for storage or containing equip-
ment requiring servicing. At least one switch to be
at the point of entry. A lighting outlet also to be
provided near equipment requiring servicing.
Fixtures (E3903)
• luminaires, lampholders, lamps, and receptacles
not to have energized parts exposed
• luminaires installed so that combustible material
not subjected to temperatures >194°F
• exposed metal parts to be grounded or insulated
from ground and other conducting surfaces
• screw-shell lampholders used as lampholders only
• recessed incandescent luminaires to have thermal
protection and be listed as thermally protected
Exceptions:
1. recessed luminaires listed for the purpose and
installed in poured concrete
2. recessed luminaires with design, construction,
and thermal performance equivalent to thermally
protected luminaires
• ballast of indoor fluorescent luminaire to have
integral thermal protection
Exception: simple reactance ballast in a fluorescent
luminaire with straight tubular lamps not required
to be thermally protected
• recessed high-intensity luminaires to have thermal
protection and be identified as thermally protected.
Exceptions:
1. recessed luminaires listed for purpose and
installed in poured concrete
2. recessed luminaires equivalent to thermally
protected luminaires
Wet Locations:
• luminaires to be installed so that water cannot
enter or accumulate in wiring compartments,
lampholders, or other electrical parts.
• luminaires in wet locations to be marked
SUITABLE FOR WET LOCATIONS
• luminaires in damp locations to be marked
SUITABLE FOR WET LOCATIONS or
SUITABLE FOR DAMP LOCATIONS
• lampholders to be weatherproof
• cord-connected luminaires, chain-, cable-, or cord-
suspended-luminaires, lighting track, pendants,
and ceiling fans to have no parts within 3' horizon-
tally and 8' vertically from top of a bathtub rim or
shower stall threshold. Luminaires located in this
zone to be listed for damp locations and, where
subject to shower spray, listed for wet locations.
Clothes Closets:
• luminaires limited to surface-mounted or recessed
incandescent with completely enclosed lamps,
and surface-mounted or recessed fluorescent
Installation:
• Surface-mounted incandescent luminaires to be
installed on wall above door or on ceiling, with clear-
ance of ≥12" between fixture and storage space
• Surface-mounted and recessed fluorescent lumi-
naires and recessed incandescent luminaires with
completely enclosed lamps to be installed on wall
above door or on ceiling, with clearance of ≥6"
between fixture and storage space
• luminaires to be wired so screwshells of lam-
pholders connected to same luminaire or circuit
conductor or terminal. The grounded conductor
to be connected to the screw shell.
Luminaire Installation (E3904)
• outlet boxes to have covers except where covered
by canopy, lampholder, or device with faceplate.
• combustible finish exposed between edge of a
canopy or pan and outlet box to be covered with
a noncombustible material
• connections between luminaire conductors and
circuit conductors to be accessible without
disconnection
• luminaires >6 lb or exceeding 16" in any dimension
may not be supported by screwshell of a lampholder
• luminaires with exposed ballasts or transformers to
be installed so ballasts or transformers not in contact
with combustible material
• surface-mounted luminaires with ballasts on combus-
tible low-density cellulose fiberboard must be listed
for the purpose or spaced ≥1.5” from surface
• recessed luminaires not identified for contact with
insulation (Type IC) to have all recessed parts spaced
≥0.5" from combustibles, except points of support
and finish trim parts
• no thermal insulation above a recessed luminaire
or <3" from enclosure, wiring compartment, or
ballast except where identified for contact with
insulation, Type IC
Track Lighting (E3905)
• track to be permanently installed and connected
to a circuit with rating ≤ that of track
• fittings for track to be designed specifically for
the track
• electrical load on track not to exceed track rating
• track not to be installed in the following locations:
1. subjected to physical damage
2. wet or damp locations
3. subject to corrosive vapors
4. storage battery rooms
5. hazardous locations
6. concealed
7. extended through walls or partitions
8. <5' above floor except where protected from
damage or track operates at <30 volts rms
Meet the Code 539
540
0 1 2 3 4 5

Sound 20
The quality of sound in our homes has a great effect on the quality of our Quality of Sound 542

lives. When we play music or engage in conversation, we want to hear Noise-Reduction

clearly and hear well. On the other hand, when junior is playing what teen- Coefficients   543
agers call music, or the neighbors upstairs are fighting, we don’t want to Absorption and
hear at all. Reverberation   544
In this chapter you’ll see how to achieve quality sound in a room and Transmission of Sound   545
what to do about a room that either rings or is acoustically flat.
STCs of Walls   546
You’ll also find guidelines for acceptable levels of sound transmission
between rooms and between floors. Tables of sound transmission classes STCs and IICs of
Floor-Ceilings   548
of walls and sound transmission classes and impact insulation classes of
floor-ceilings show specific construction techniques for reducing sound
transmission to almost any level.

541