G.

Mahalakshmi Malini
Assistant professor / ECE
School of engineering, Avinashilingam institute for home science and higher education for women

Lab Viva / MPMC Lab

1.What is a Microprocessor?
It is a CPU fabricated on a single chip, program-controlled device, which fetches the instructions from
memory, decodes and executes the instructions.
2. Define bit, byte and word.
Bit is either 0 or 1.
Byte is group of 8 bits.
Word is group of 16 bits.
3.What are the different functional units in 8086?
2 units-Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and Execution unit (EU)
4. What is the function of BIU ?
It is used to generate the 20-bit physical address and is responsible for performing all external bus
operations.
5. What is the function of EU?
Execution Unit receives program codes and data from BIU, executes these instructions and store the
result.
6. What is the maximum size of segment in 8086 microprocessor?
 64KB.
7. What is general purpose registers in 8086?
There are 4 general purpose registers are there.
AX-ACCUMULATOR
 BX- BASE
CX- COUNT
DX-DATA (Extended accumulator)
8. What are the functions of General purpose Registers?
AX register as 16-bit accumulator, stores all arithmetic and logical operation's results.
BX register is used as an offset address Storage.
CX register is used as counter. Especially used in loop, shift, rotate instructions.
DX register is used in port operations (IN and OUT)
9. What is special purpose registers in 8086?
CS- CODE SEGMENT
DS-DATA SEGMENT
ES-EXTRA SEGMENT
SS-STACK SEGMENT
BP-BASE POINTER
IP-INSTRUCTION POINTER
SP- STACK POINTER
SI-SOURCE INDEX
DI-DESTINATION INDEX
FLAG REGISTER
10. What are the functions of base Registers?
CS stores program code,
DS stores data
ES sores extra data
SS stores stack data.
11. Name the pin in 8086 microprocessor that is used for selecting mode of operation?
29th pin-MN/MX'
If MN/MX'=0 then maximum mode is selected.
MN/MX'=1 then minimum mode is selected.
12. What is Segment address in 8086?
The part of the segment starting address stored in a segment register is called the segment address.
13. What are the flags in 8086?
In 8086, 9 flags are there. Out of 9, 6 are conditional (status) flags and 3 control flags.
Conditional (status) flags:
Carry flag (CF), Parity flag (PF), Auxiliary carry flag (CF), Zero flag (ZF), Overflow flag (OF),   and
Sign flag(SF)
Control flags:
Trap flag (TF), Direction flag (DF), Interrupt flag (IF),
14. What is Tri-state logic?
Three Logic Levels are used and they are High (logic 1), Low(logic 0), High impedance(Z) state. The
high and low are normal logic levels & high impedance state is electrical open circuit conditions.
15. What is system bus?
Group of address, data and control buses.
Address bus:  carry the Address to the memory to fetch either Instruction or Data.
Data bus:  carry the Data from the memory.
Control bus: carry the Control signals like RD/WR, reset, ready etc.
16. What is the difference between Maskable interrupts and Non-Maskable interrupts?
An interrupt that can be turned off by the programmer is known as Maskable interrupt.
An interrupt which can be never be turned off (i.e. disabled) is known as Non-Maskable interrupt.
17. What are the different types of Addressing Modes?
There are 12 different types of Addressing Modes. They are:-
1 Immediate:-The Immediate data is a part of instruction.
2. Direct:-A 16-bit memory address (offset) is directly specified in the instruction as a part of it.
3. Register:-Data is stored in a register.
4. Register Indirect:-The address of the memory location which contains data or operand is
determined in an indirect way.
5. Indexed:-offset of the operand is stored in one of the index registers.
6. Register Relative:-The data is available at an effective address formed by adding an 8-bit or 16-bit
displacement with the content of any one of the registers BX,BP,SI and DI in the default (either DS or
ES) segment.
7. Based Indexed:-The effective address of the data is formed, in this addressing mode,by adding
content of a base register to the content of an index register.
8. Relative Based Indexed:- The effective address is formed by adding an 8 or 16-bit displacement
with the sum of contents of any one of the base registers and any one of the index registers, in the
default segment.
9. Intrasegment Direct Mode:-In this mode, the address to which the control is to bve transferred lies
in the segment in which the control transfer instruction lies and appears directly in the instruction as
an immediate displacement value.
10. Intrasegment Indirect Mode:-In this mode, the displacement to which the control is to be
transferred, is in the same segment in which the control transfer instruction lies, but it is passed to the
instruction indirectly.
11. Intersegment Direct:-In this mode, the address to which the control is to be transferred is in a
different segment.
12. Intersegment Indirect:-In this mode, the address to which the control is to be transferred lies in a
different segment and it is passed to the instruction indirectly sequentially.
18. What is baud rate?
The baud rate is the rate at which the serial data are transmitted. Units- symbols per second.
19. What is a port?
The port is a buffered I/O, which is used to hold the data transmitted from the processor to I/O device
or vice-versa.
20. What is 8255?
It is PPI- Programmable Peripheral Interface. it is used to connect I/O devices to microprocessor and
supports parallel communication.

21. Which Stack is used in 8086? k is used in 8086?

FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of Stack the first stored information is retrieved first.

26.What is SIM and RIM instructions?

SIM is Set Interrupt Mask. Used to mask the hardware interrupts.
RIM is Read Interrupt Mask. Used to check whether the interrupt is Masked or not.

38. What is an Opcode?

A:-The part of the instruction that specifies the operation to be performed is called the Operation code or Op code.

39.What is an Operand?
A:-The data on which the operation is to be performed is called as an Operand.

45.What is Assembler?
A:-The assembler translates the assembly language program text which is given as input to the assembler to their
binary equivalents known as object code.
The time required to translate the assembly code to object code is called access time.The assembler checks for syntax
errors&displays them before giving the object code.

48.Define Pipelining?
A:-In 8086,to speedup the execution program,the instructions fetching and execution of instructions are overlapped
each other.this is known as Pipelining.

50. 8087 Coprocessor

8087 numeric data processor is also known as Math co-processor, Numeric processor
extension and Floating point unit. It was the first math coprocessor designed by Intel to pair with
8086/8088 resulting in easier and faster calculation.
Once the instructions are identified by the 8086/8088 processor, then it is allotted to the 8087 co-processor
for further execution.
The data types supported by 8087 are −

 Binary Integers
 Packed decimal numbers
 Real numbers
 Temporary real format
The most prominent features of 8087 numeric data processor are as follows −
 It supports data of type integer, float, and real types ranging from 2-10 bytes.
 The processing speed is so high that it can calculate multiplication of two 64-bits real numbers in ~27 µs and can
also calculate square-root in ~35 µs.
  It follows IEEE floating point standards.

51.

8279 (KEYBOARD & DISPLAY CONTROLLER) 8279 is a general purpose programmable keyboard and display I/O interface device
designed for use with the 8085 microprocessor. It provides a scanned interface to 28 contact key matrix provided in 8085 and
scanned interface for the six seven segment displays. 8279 has got 16 x 8 display RAM which can be loaded or interrogated by
the CPU. When a key is pressed, its corresponding code is entered in the FIFO Queue of 8279 and can now be read by the
microprocessor. 8279 also refreshes the display RAM automatically.

52. 8255 (PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE)

8255 is a Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) designed to use with 8085 Microprocessor. This basically acts as a general
purpose I/O device to interface peripheral equipments to the system bus. It is not necessary to have an external logic to
interface with peripheral devices since the functional configuration of 8255 is programmed by the system software. It has got
three Input/Output ports of 8 lines each (PORT - A, PORT - B & PORT - C). Port C can be divided into two ports of 4 lines each
named as Port C upper and Port C lower. Any Input/Output combination of Port A, Port B and Port C upper and lower can be
defined using the appropriate software commands. The port addresses for these port are given in Chapter - 6. 8085 provides 24
Input/Output ports using 8255 chips.

53. What is the use of 8259?

Data Bus Buffer

This block is used to communicate between 8259 and 8085/8086 by acting as buffer. It takes the control
word from 8085/8086 and send it to the 8259. It transfers the opcode of the selected interrupts and address
of ISR to the other connected microprocessor. It can send maximum 8-bit at a time.

54. 8251 universal synchronous asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART) acts as a mediator between
microprocessor and peripheral to transmit serial data into parallel form and vice versa.
1. It takes data serially from peripheral (outside devices) and converts into parallel data.
2. After converting the data into parallel form, it transmits it to the CPU.
3. Similarly, it receives parallel data from microprocessor and converts it into serial form.
4. After converting data into serial form, it transmits it to outside device (peripheral).