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    WEIGHT AND BALANCE - PERFORMANCE B-206 BIII

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    9. WEIGHT AND BALANCE - PERFORMANCE B-206 BIII

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    WEIGHT AND BALANCE - PERFORMANCE B-206 BIII

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    22 views27 pages

    Weight and Balance - Performance B-206 Biii

    Uploaded by

    Julio Medina
    WEIGHT AND BALANCE - PERFORMANCE B-206 BIII

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Helicopter A Textron Company Weight and Balance/Performance Training Academy WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT PAGE General Weight and Balance 9-4 Terms 9-4 Effects of Fuel Consumption 92 Baggage Compartment Loading 92 Weight and Balance Calculation 9-3 Weight and Balence Exercise 9-3 Performance Planning - General 98 Power Assurance Check 9-8 Density Altitude 9-10 Height Velocity Envelope 912 Maximum Safe Relative Wind a4 Hover Ceiling 14 Rete of Climb 9-20 Airspeed Calibration 922 Fuel Flow Charts 923 2008 weit an GolrcaPPerommance 31.2008 COPYRIGHT 105, 2003Set HaleaterToxronlae. Aaielon of Textonine Al RGN Resened For Training Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE General Weight and Balance Section 1 of the Rotorcraft Manufacturer's Data (208B-3-MD-1) presents the data necessary for the pilot to compute gross weight and center of gravity for various load configurations. Itis the pilot's responsibility to ensure that the maximum gross weight and center of gravity limitations are observed throughout each planned flight. Operations outside of the limitations are prohibited and may result in a reduction of aircraft performance, handling qualities, stability, and structural integrity. Changes in aircraft configuration (example: docrs on or off), loading, seating of passengers, positioning of cargo, and fuel consumption are all factors that must be considered in weight and balance calculations. Terms ‘The following terms are used in the calculation of weight and balance information: Weight: The actual aircraft weight, weight of crewmembers and passengers, fuel, etc. is required to accurately compute weight and balance. The flight manual provides data based on either U.S. or metric measurements, expressed in pounds or kilograms. Arm: When calculating weight and balance information, this term refers to the distance from a known point to where new weight is added. For a given quantity of weight added, the greater the arm, the greater the affect upon the balance point. In the 206B flight manual, this data is referred to as fuselage stations or buttock lines. Itis provided in both U.S. and metric formats (inches or millimeters) and is provided for both longitudinal and lateral axes of balance. Moment: A mathematical expression of the affect that weight (at a certain position) will have on the balance point. This number is obtained by multiplying the weight times the arm. The results referred to as moment, and can be expressed as inch-pounds (U.S.) or kilograms-millimeters (metric). Center of Gravity: Used to identify the position at which the aircraft is in balance. Maintenance personnel compute the Empty Weight Center of Gravity. Pilots use the empty weight CG to determine the Gross Weight Center of Gravity. Total Moment divided by total weight equals the center or gravity. The result is exoressed in either inches (U.S.) or milimeters (metric). Datum: An arbitrary point from which to measure fuselage station (arm) for longitudinal CG calculations. Fuselage Stations aft of the datum line are expressed as positive numbers, while points forward would be expressed as negative numbers. The 2066's Datum Zero is located 55.16 inches forward of the forward jacking point which is approximately 1 inch forward of the nose. Placement of Datum Zero forward of the nose results in all longitucinal calculations in positive numbers, a4 ‘asa PGWegnandBaoncemetomarce 32008 ‘COPYRIGHT 1008, 00% Bel Halconar Foxton ine Advan of Textan ne. Al Fights Resarved or Training Purposes Oniy WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Centerline: A reference point for measuring distances from the lateral axis ofthe aircraft. Buttock lines are measured from the center line, either to the left or to the right. Positions to the right of the center line are considered positive numbers, while positions to the left are considered negative numbers. Empty Weight and Center of Gravity: Computed by maintenance personnel. The empty weight configuration consists of the basic helicopter with required equipment, operational and special equipment, fixed ballast, hydraulic fluid, transmission and gearbox oil, unusable fuel, and undrainable engine oil. Weight empty and center of gravity is recorded onthe Actual Weight Record, a copy of which should be carried in the helicopter for use in weight and balance calculations. Each time equipment is installed or removed, the actual weight record should be updated. Gross Weight Center of Gravity: Computed by the pilot. Gross weight includes the total ‘weight of the helicopter, with contents. Contents include crew, passengers, engine oil, fuel, baggage, and cargo. Zero fuel weight (ZFW): A calculated value used asa starting point to calculate changes in CG caused by fuel consumption during fight. ZFW includes helicopter empty weight, crew, passengers, engine oil, baggage and cargo. Effects of Fuel Consumption on Center of Gravity Under normal circumstances, a canter of gravity calculation completed prior to takeoff will be affected only by fuel consumption during the flight. Other loading considerations (crew, passengers, and cargo) will not change. The fuel will affect the aircraft center of gravity as fuel is consumed. Generally speaking, if the aircraft begins a flight with full fuel and lands with minimum fuel, the center of gravity will move slightly forward. It is the pilot's responsibility to ensure that the helicopter remains within CG as fuel is consumed. Baggage Compartment Loading The baggage compartment is accessible from the left side of the fuselage and contains approximately 16 cubic feet (0.45 cubic meters) of space. It has load limit of 250 pounds (113.4 kg), not to exceed 86 pounds per square foot (4.2 kilograms/100 square centimeters). Those are structural limitations only, and do not infer that the CG will remain within epproved limits. When weight is loaded into the baggage compartment, the pilot must compute gross weight and CG to assure loading within approved limits. The load shall be secured to tie-down fittings if shifting of the load in flight could result in structural damage to the baggage compartment or in gross weight center of gravity limits being exceeded. Tables and examples assume items in the baggage compartment have a longitudinal CG at the midpoint of the door opening (FS 148). a2 206L PGWeghtand BalonceiPeromarce 4-1-2073 ‘COPYRIGHT 1006, 2008 Bal HWlecpar Testor na Anion of Taam ine. AL Rights Rosarind "For Training Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Weight and Balance Calculation As previously stated, itis the pilot's responsibility to ensure that the maximum gross weight and center of gravity limitations are observed throughout each planned flight. In the case of the 2068, improper cabin loading and fuel consumption may create a situation where the center of gravity could travel outside CG limits during the flight. For this reason, it is important to load the helicopter as evenly as possible, both longitudinally and laterally. Weight and Balance Exercise The following pages include several blank weigh! and balance worksheets that you may use to complete this exercise and for any calculations necessary during the performance planning exercise. (The same weight and balance computation will also be used during the performance planning exercise). Today, for purposes of this exercise, you are a pilot for the ABC Corporation, a mining engineering firm with business throughout the region. In today’s flight, the mission is to transport the Company President, Vice-President of Operations, and the Chief of Engineering from company headquarters at Point Xray to a luncheon engagernent at LZ Yankee, then to the international airport at City Zulu to connect with a commercial fight. Your aircraft is configured with standard seating arrangement and you have obtained the following information from the actual weight record in the Rotorcraft Flight Manual. Aircraft emply weight: 2039.7 Longitudinal Moment: 233842 Lateral Moment: +241 Your weight 170 Ibs Passenger Weights Pres 195 Ibs (prefers to sit in the right aft seat) VP OPS 190 Ibs CHENG 205 Ibs Baggage — 75 Ibs of baggage. a3 2088 Pc Weshtand GatnerPerarwarce 912028 ‘COPYRIGHT 1985, 2008 el Hescopte’Tesroning, Advair of Toxbon inc. Al RightsReserved For Training Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Flight Plan: Depart point Xray at 10:00 CST and proceed to LZ Yankee with arrival at 11:10 (122 nautical miles). Depart LZ Yankee at 13:00 and proceed to City Zulu arriving at 13:45 (82 nautical miles). Location information Point Xray: Elevation 60 feet MSL. Winds forecast 270° at 15 Kts. Temperature 11° LZ Yankee 6,000 feet MSL: no weather information. County Jetport (CJP} [6 mi east of LZ Yankee] Wind forecast 330° at 10 Kts. Temperature 12°C. City Zulu: Elevation 3,000 feet MSL. Wind forecast 240 at 10 Kts. Temperature 30°C. Winds aloft: 4,000 270° at 10 Kts 8°C, 6,000 290° 5 Kts 5°C, 8,000 light and variable 0°C. a4 208 Pe Weipa BsanenPaterance, 11-2108 ‘SOPYRIGHT 16962003 Del HaleapnrTodron ne. Adinsien of Tenror Ine A1 Right Reserved or Training Pursoses Onty WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Weight and Balance Worksheet Longitudinal Lateral Weight FS Moment | BL Moment (ib) (in) (lb-in) | (in) (Ib-in) Weight Empty Ta 66020. Is Oil +Pilot +Co-Pilot +Aft passenger(s) Left Center Right +Baggage Zero Fuel Weight +Fuel Gross takeoff weight (TOW) a5 2068 PG Weight anddalincalPeformance 312068 (COPYRIGHT 1996, 203Bel!HeicororTexton nc, Adivson of Texto Ine. AIRigts Reserves Fer Training Purpeses Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Weight and Balance Worksheet Longitudinal Lateral Weight |FS | Moment | BL Moment (ib) (in) (lb-in) | (in) (lb-in) Weight Empty Oil 2 179 2202. «| 0 +Pilot 65.0 +14 +Co-Pilot 65.0 i ~+Aft passenger(s) Left 104.0 “16.4 Center 704.0 0.0 Right [eo +164 Baggage 146.0 0.0 Zero Fuel Weight ry | J +Fuel | 0.0 0 Gross takeoff weight (GTOW) 6 2061 PC Woigm ena Selencoocomance 1+ Copa 98,23 Sai Hele Ton "Aaiionst Toten he. AUR Ressved raining Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE 7 69 POWeigttand aeneaIPertomerce 3.12008 COPYRIGHT 196, 200 Bol Hulcopar Textron ne Fr Training Purposes Only ‘Adlon of Tecan ne. Longitudinal Lateral ] Weight | FS Moment | BL ‘Moment (ib) (in) (lb-in) | (in) (ib-in) | Weight Empty | Oil 2 179 2202 —«[0 | +Pilot 5.0 4 C0. 65.0 4 Aft passenger(s) Left 104.0 “16.4 Center 704.0 0.0 Right 104.0 +161 +Baggage 7148.0 0.0 ‘Zero Fuel Weight i Fuel 0.0 0 Gross takeoff weight (GTOW) Ld ‘ALRIghts Reser WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE These CG charts are located in section 1 (Limitations) of the Rotorcraft Flight Manual BHT- 206B3-FM-1. They are reproduced here for checking that your calculated load will remain within both lateral and longitudinal limits. us. oe 2300—| muerte vor vou ste tte ity viz 83 174 w H -psim _ r E 3 He | 6 26 5 ios Ee x 5 rT e 3 é gt5 8 : 5g8 308 Bw eee ze Z EES i 53g Hi E Ne a g ; | e_ ott aoe ak rrr —— LATERAL CENTEROF GRAVITY 8 2001 PG wayht andDalmcelPefomarce 1-+2000 (COPYRIGHT 1965, 20038! Helcoptr Texronne. Advsion of Toston ne. AB Rights Resocnd For Traning Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Performance Planning - General The performance section of the Rotorcraft Flight Manual contains the Bell 2068 performance information and related charts. All performance charts are based on an engine meeting minimum Rolls-Royce specifications. The data showm is derived from actual flight tests and are intended to provide information to be used in conducting flight operations. This performance deta is applicable to the 250-C20J or 250-C20B engine. NOTE The 206B basic configuration does not include a particle separator. If the aircraft has a particle separator installed, the correct performance charts are located in FMS-12. This supplement is not included in the training manual. Power Assurance Check A power assurance check chart is provided for the Rolls-Royce 250-C20B/J engine. This chart indicates the minimum percent torque for an engine that meets minimum specifications. The engine must develop these values in order to meet performance data contained in the performance section of the flight manual ‘The chart provided in this section is for the basiciniet. If you have a particle separator, use the chart in the FMS-12. If you have installed the snow deflector make sure you apply the adjustments in FMS-10. The takeo'f power limits are as follows: Maximum torque — 100% (5 minutes) Maximum TOT — 810°C (5 minutes) Maximum gas producer RPM (N1) ~ 105% NOTE Accurate power checks may be accomplished in a hover, in a stabilized 60 MPH (52 knots) IAS climb orin level flight. Power checks should be conducted in a hover when altitude, temperature, and gross weight permit safe hovering height. (Refer to HV diagram) More accurate checks are achieved above Maximum Continuous TOT (738°C), which will generally require being above 5,000 feet to avoid exceeding torque limits, ‘On cold days, the torque pressure limit may be reached before the TOT limit is reached. On hot days and/or at high altitudes, TOT may be the limiting factor. To perform a power check, ensure the ENGINE DE-iCING or ENGINE ANTI-ICING switch and GEN switch are OFF. Raise the collective to incroase power until 2 stabilized TOT or torque pressure limit oo 2088 PC Waigh ond dalencePetormance 312008 (COPYRIGHT 1905, 203 BallHelcope Texbon he A dvson of Txton hc. AlRighs Reseed or Training Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE is reached. Record OAT, TOT, pressure altitude, torque, and (N1). Refer to the Power ‘Check Chart. If cruise power check cannot be accomplished below helicopter 85% torque/80 KIAS VNE limitation, perform check at a higher altitude or in a stabilized 52 KIAS (60 MPH) climb. Be sure to use sufficient power to close the bleed valve. The most accurate checks are made when the engine is under sufficient strain to have the TOT in the yollow arc (five minuet limit). This will usually require operating at altitudes above 5,000 fl to avoid exceeding torque limits. With airspeed established, at sufficient altitude, record the following: Hp OAT. TOT Torque IF the actual torque value recarded is the same or greater than required chart torque, the engine meets minimum power specifications and the power check is acceptable. 310 2001 POWegntensBasncaPerormance 112009 COPYRIGHT 1985, 2003 Bal Hemp Teavonine Ahn Of Texroninc. ARGH Reserved or Training Purposes Only 2 °Dad - AUNLVEEWAL IY 3dISLNO G3LVOIGNI of 2 ott 2080 76 Weight nd BoleneePedomance. 3.12003 ‘Toxron ne. AIRlghts Reserved For Training Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE SNIONA /8029-0S2 NOSIT1V - MOAHO YAMOd II1-8907 TAGOW AaNI Oisva, (COPYRIGHT 1955, 208 Ball HelcoperTexton eA von of WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Density Altitude ‘A density altitude chart is provided to aid in the calculation of performance and limitations. Density altitude (Hd) is defined as pressure altitude Hp) corrected for non-standard temperature. Pressure, temperature, and humidity determine air density. Hd is an expression of the density of air in terms of height above sea level; hence the less dense the air, the higher the Hd, For standard conditions of temperature and pressure, Hd is the same as Hp. As temperature increases above standard for any altitude, Hd will also increase to values higher than Hp. The chert can also be used to compute a multiplication factor to determine true airspeed. In this training manual, this chart is located on page D-6, Touse the chart, enter from the known temperature at the bottom of the chart. Proceed vertically until intercepting the Hp line. Proceed left to determine Hd, and read right to determine the true airspeed conversion factor. 912 2001 PC Weight andBelencePeformance 4-12008 (COPYRIGHT 1905, 203BellHeiconeeToxron inc. Advan of Texten he. ARRghts Roser For Training Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Hp - FTX 1000 ~o so = -20 -10 810+ 80 ado HO +80 oat — °c 913 209596 Ney andBeanceiPefomance 912008 ‘COPYRIGHT 1005, 08 all Melcopae Tester. Advisor of Texten he. AlRighs Reserves For Training Purposes Only 140 1.38 1.32 1.24 146 AA 1.08 1.08 1.00 0.98 WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Hoight Velocity Envelopo Altitude vs. gross weight for Height-Velocity diagram. The HV chart will be valid for all conditions that are in the un-shaded area. If you operate in at gross weights that are depicted in the shaded area, no HV information is provided. To use tho Altitude vs. gross weight for Height-Veiocity diagram, enter the chart at the appropriate density altitude , move right until intercepting the shaded area, then move down to the appropriate gross weight line. This is the maximum operational weight for which the HY profiles are valid. The height velocity envelope charts define the conditions from which a safe landing can be made on a smooth, level, firm surface following an engine failure. For purposes of discussion, it is also important to note that the chart is based on zero wind conditions. O14 2061.70 Waight andSalancelPeormonve 4-12000 ‘COPYRIGHT 1995, 2003 BeilHelcopte Tex neAuliuion of Texton he. AIRihts Reserved For Traning Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE 12,000 10.00 B08 ey Altitude vs Gross Weight 6000] 4000] DENSITY ALTITUDE — FEET, T 2600 —| 2000] Le 2a 26 28 30 32 18x 100 ° So Ry 112138 K 100 HEIGHT VELOCITY DIAGRAM “The Hegre elcy Dlagran defines the canons frm which a af lng can be mad 00 ‘rb tre okey sg fa he Ha any Goan ts a {vole ofeeAnh A fl wy) 350) [—T SHADED AREA] Height Velocity | Sf 300] | 1 3] | 3} 250} 3 8) §| 200 1 al | a] 180) yy —1—+—-| 3 3] t00p09 | w) 80 < |} 2o-—| $18] 20 #S ° oO 20 40 60 "150 (0) (17,4) (34.7) (62.1) (130.3) INDICATED AIRSPEED — MPH (KNOTS) HEIGHT — VELOCITY DIAGRAM FOR ‘SMOOTH, LEVEL, FIRM SURFACES 915 2m9PGWepntansBatncePeformarce 9-1-2019 COPYRIGHT 1088, 2008 8! HelcoonrTexon ine. Auivaor of Teton inc. AL Rights Reserved For Training Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE Maximum Sate Relative Wind Satisfactory stability has been demonstrated in winds to 20MPH (17 knots) sideward and rearward at all loading conditions within Area A of Hover Ceiling charts. This wind azimuth chart depicts the maximum winds where acceptable tailrotor control has been demonstrated at a hover. On the Out Of Ground Effect (OGE) and In Ground Effect (IGE) charts presented on the next pages, Area "A" may be thought of as the con where winds within the speed limits and directions on the pie charts may cause weight restrictions. These winds may be Adverse. To use Area B of the chart you must have calm winds or winds that will improve hovering performance, these winds will be may be thought of as Beneficial Hover Ceiling Area Enter the chart at the temperature move up to the pressure altitude then right until you either reach the maximum gross weight or the shaded area. Ifthe plot intersects the shaded area move down and read the maximum allowable weight. To use the area "B" section of the hover ceiling chart the aircraft will need 0 to 17 knots of wind from the favorable (white) area of the char. These wind conditions will allow an increase in allowable hover weight. Enter the chart at the temperature move up to the pressure altitude then right until you either reach the maximum gross weight or the temperature line. If the plot intersects the temperature line move down and read the maximum allowable weight. These charts give hover performance only. They do not imply safe takeoff and landing wind conditions. Always take off and land into the wind. 9-16 2051 F Wlght nd SolicePPerormance 14-2002 (COPYRIGHT 1998, 208 Bi Helzopiee Taste he Avion of Texton In. AURights Roverved For Trlning Purposes Only WEIGHT AND BALANCE/PERFORMANCE D2 Yy >> NS —_

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