Electrolytic Dissociation and Electrolytes - Ionization: Basis of Acidity
and Basicity - Bronsted-Lowry Theory: Acid is a Proton Donor, Base is a Proton Acceptor - Strength of Acids and Bases - Acid-Base Equilibria in Water - Function and Structure of Biomolecules is pH Dependent - Measurement of pH : Use of Indicators - Electrometric Determination of pH - Buffers : Systems which Resist Changes in pH - Titrations : The Interaction of an Acid with a Base. ION SPECIFIC ELECTRODES Ion Selective Electrodes Measure the Activity of Metal Ions - Glass Membrane Electrodes - Solid-State Ion Exchanger Electrodes - SolidState Crystal Electrodes - Liquid-Membrane Electrodes - Gas-Sensing Electrodes. THE COLLOIDAL PHENOMENA Classification of Colloids - Properties of Colloids - Donnan Equilibrium. DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS A Molecular-Kinetic approach to Diffusion - Methods of Determination of Diffusion Coefficient - Significance of Diffusion Coefficient -Diffusiop. of Electrolytes - Diffusion of Water Across Membranes : Osmosis - Measurement of Osmotic Pressure - Van't Hoff's Laws of Osmotic Pressure - Theories of Osmotic Pressure and Semipermeability -. Osmotic Behaviour of Cells - Molecular Weight Determination from Osmotic Pressure Measurements - Significance of Osmosis in Biology. VISCOSITY Factors Affecting Viscosity - Measurement of Viscosity - Applications of Viscometry - Significance of Viscosity in Biological Systems. SURFACE TENSION Factors Affecting Surface Tension - Measurement