1. Midwife:
Midwifery encompasses care of women during pregnancy, labour, and the postpartum period, as well as
care of the newborn. It includes measures aimed at preventing health problems in pregnancy, the detection
of abnormal conditions, the procurement of medical assistance when necessary, and the execution of
emergency measures in the absence of medical help.
2. Obstetrics:
deals with the care of the pregnant women, the unborn baby, labor and delivery and the
immediate period following childbirth.
3. Gynaecology:
Gynecology deals with any ailment concerning the reproductive organs; uterus, fallopian
tubes, cervix, ovaries and vagina. A gynecologist may also treat related problems in the
bowel, bladder and urinary system since these are closely related to female reproductive
organs.
4. False pelvis:
 the upper broader portion of the pelvic cavity. — called also falsepelvic cavity.
5. True pelvis:
The true pelvis contains the pelvic inlet and is a short, curved canal, deeper on its
posterior than on its anterior wall.
6. Gametogenesis:
Gametogenesis, in embryology, the process by which gametes, or germ cells, are
produced in an organism. 
7. Spermatogenesis:
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in
the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
8. Oogenesis:
Oogenesis is the process of development of female gametes (also called ova or eggs),
that takes place in ovaries. The process of oogenesis begins before birth with the
formation of diploid germ cells, called oogonia that have the ability to develop into
mature ova.
9. Fertilization:
The process of combining the male gamete, or sperm, with the female
gamete, or ovum. The product of fertilization is a cell called a zygote.
10. Decidua:
 the thick layer of modified mucous membrane which lines the uterus during pregnancy
and is shed with the afterbirth.
11. Morula:
A morula (Latin, morus: mulberry) is an early-stage embryo consisting of
16 cells (called blastomeres) in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida
12. Blastocyst:
The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals. It possesses
an inner cell mass (ICM) which subsequently forms the embryo. The outer layer of the
blastocyst consists of cells collectively called the trophoblast.
13. Trophoblast:
 Trophoblasts (from Greek trephein: to feed, and blastos: germinator) are cells forming the
outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large
part of the placenta.
14. Placenta:
The placenta is a temporary organ that connects the developing fetus via the umbilical
cord to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination,
and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and
to produce hormones which support pregnancy.
15. Implantation:
the attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of
pregnancy.
16. Chorionic villi:
Chorionic villi are villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximal contact area
with maternal blood. 
17. Embryo:
an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development, in particular a human
offspring during the period from approximately the second to the eighth week after
fertilization (after which it is usually termed a fetus).
18. Fetus:
an unborn or unhatched offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human more
than eight weeks after conception.
19. Fontanelle:
A fontanelle (or fontanel) (colloquially, soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the
infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the
cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant.
20. Suture:
A type of joint between the bones of the skull where the bones are held tightly together
by fibrous tissue.
21. Moulding:
an act or process ofmolding specifically : the shaping of the fetal head to allow it to pass
through the birth canal during childbirth.
22. Positive sign:
23. Presumptive sign:
24. Probable sign:
25. Genetic counseling :
Genetic counselling is a communication process, which aims to help individuals,
couples and families understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, familial and
reproductive implications of the genetic contribution to specific health conditions
26. Jacquemiers sign:
a purplish discoloration of the mucous membrane of the vagina that occurs early in
pregnancy.
27. Chadwick sign:
Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from
increased blood flow. It can be observed as early as 6 to 8 weeks after conception, and
its presence is an early sign of pregnancy.
28. Goodell sign:
Goodell sign is an indication of pregnancy. It is a significant softening of the vaginal
portion of the cervix from increased vascularization. This vascularization is a result of
 hypertrophy and engorgement of the vessels below the growing uterus. This sign occurs
at approximately four weeks' gestation.
29. Osiander sign:
An obsolete term that formerly dignified the finding of a vaginal pulsation that mirrors the
maternal heart rate as an early sign of pregnancy.
30. Hegar sign:
Hegar sign is a non-sensitive indication of pregnancy in women — its absence does not
exclude pregnancy. It pertains to the features of the cervix and the uterine isthmus. It is
demonstrated as a softening in the consistency of the uterus, and the uterus and cervix
seem to be two separate regions.
31. Palmer sign:
Palmer sign uterine contractions felt during bimanual examination.
32. Lightening:
a drop in the level of the uterus during the last weeks of pregnancy as the head of the
fetus engages in the pelvis.
33. Quickening:
the first motion of a fetus in the uterus felt by the mother usually somewhat before the
middle of the period of gestation.
34. RCH:
RCH is an acronym for Reproductive and Child Health. It is a program that aims at
combating and reducing the mortality rates of mothers, infants, and children and was
launched in October 1997.
35. MCH:
Maternal and child health (MCH) refers to the health of
mothers, infants, children, and adolescents. It also refers to a
profession within public health committed to promoting the
health status and future challenges of this vulnerable
population.
36. Operculum:
A cervical mucus plug (operculum) is a plug that fills and seals the cervical canal
during pregnancy. It is formed by a small amount of cervical mucus. ... As the woman
gets closer to labor, the mucus plug discharges as the cervix begins to dilate.
37. Primary areola:
small circular area such as that around the human nipple 
38. Secondary areola:
a second ring appearing around the areola of the breast during pregnancy that is more
pigmented than the areola before pregnancy.
39. Montogomery’s tubercle:
Montgomery's tubercles (also known as areolar glands or glands of Montgomery) are
pimple-like pores on the surface the areola. They are a type of sebaceous gland found
all over the body that produces oils to moisturize and protect the skin.
40. Chloasma gravidarum:
Brownish pigmentation of the face, often occurring in pregnancy. It usually disappears
after delivery.
41. Striae gravidarum:
Pregnancy stretch marks, also known as striae gravidarum, is a specific form of
scarring of the skin of the abdominal area due to rapid expansion of the uterus as well as
sudden weight gain during pregnancy. About 90% of women are affected.
42. Linea nigra:
Pregnancy stretch marks, also known as striae gravidarum, is a specific form of
scarring of the skin of the abdominal area due to rapid expansion of the uterus as well as
sudden weight gain during pregnancy. About 90% of women are affected.
43. Uterine soufflé:
 Uterine souffle or placental souffle is a soft, blowing sound heard using a stethoscope,
usually in the second trimester of pregnancy (13–28 weeks).
44. Antenatal:
before birth; during or relating to pregnancy.
45. Intranatal :
occurring or provided during the act of birth.
46. Postnatal:
relating to or denoting the period after childbirth.
47. Normal pregnancy:
The state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body.
48. Nulligravida:
Nulligravida is a term that refers to a woman who has never been pregnant
49. Primigravida:
a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
50. Multigravida:
a woman (or female animal) that is or has been pregnant for at least a second time.
51. Nullipara:
a woman (or female animal) that has never given birth.
52. Primipara:
a woman who is giving birth for the first time.
53. Multipara:
a woman (or female animal) that has had more than one pregnancy resulting in viable
offspring.
54. Fetal lie:
refers to the relationship between the long axis of the fetus with respect to the long axis
of the mother.
55. Presentation:
the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus
is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
56. Presenting part:
 Before delivery, the fetal anatomical structure nearest the internal cervical os, identified by sonogr
am or palpation duringvaginal examination.
57. Attitude:
the relation of the various parts of the fetal body to one another.
58. Denominator:
is a bony landmark on the presenting part used to denote the position.
59. Position:
position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the
presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother.
60. Naegele’s formula:
Is simple arithmetic method for calculating the EDD (estimated date of delivery) based
on the LMP (last menstrual period). To the date of the first day of the LMP.
61. Labour:
Childbirth, the process of delivering a baby and the placenta, membranes,
and umbilical cord from the uterus to the vagina to the outside world
62. Partograph:
A partogram or partograph is a composite graphical record of key data (maternal and
fetal) during labour entered against time on a single sheet of paper. Relevant
measurements might include statistics such as cervical dilation, fetal heart rate, duration
of labour and vital signs.
63. Mechanism of labour:
the series of changes in position and attitude which the fetus undergoes during its passage
through the birth canal
64. Lochia:
lochia is the vaginal discharge after giving birth, containing blood, mucus, and uterine
tissue. Lochia discharge typically continues for four to six weeks after childbirth, a time
known as the postpartum period or puerperium.
65. Healthy newborn: